Bio 111 Ch 17

either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

A frameshift mutation could result from a base insertion only. a base deletion only. a base substitution only. deletion of three consecutive bases. either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

Any mutation in the sequence is selected against.

A part of the promoter, called the TATA box, is said to be highly conserved in evolution. Which of the following might this illustrate? The sequence evolves very rapidly. The sequence does not mutate. Any mutation in the sequence is selected against. The sequence is found in many but not all promoters. The sequence is transcribed at the start of every gene.

many noncoding stretches of nucleotides are present in mRNA.

A transcription unit that is 8,000 nucleotides long may use 1,200 nucleotides to make a protein consisting of approximately 400 amino acids. This is best explained by the fact that many noncoding stretches of nucleotides are present in mRNA. there is redundancy and ambiguity in the genetic code. many nucleotides are needed to code for each amino acid. nucleotides break off and are lost during the transcription process. there are termination exons near the beginning of mRNA.

can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a single mRNA.

Alternative RNA splicing is a mechanism for increasing the rate of transcription. can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a single mRNA. can allow the production of similar proteins from different RNAs. increases the rate of transcription. is due to the presence or absence of particular snRNPs.

A) 3' → 5' along the template strand

DNA template strand 5' ____________________________ 3' DNA complementary strand 3' ____________________________ 5' Given the locally unwound double strand above, in which direction does the RNA polymerase move? A) 3' → 5' along the template strand B) 5' → 3' along the template strand C) 3' → 5' along the complementary strand D) 5' → 3' along the complementary strand E) 5' → 3' along the double-stranded DNA

The entire template molecule is represented in the product.

In comparing DNA replication with RNA transcription in the same cell, which of the following is true only of replication? It uses RNA polymerase. It makes a new molecule from its 5' end to its 3' end. The process is extremely fast once it is initiated. The process occurs in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. The entire template molecule is represented in the product.

a DNA sequence that is expressed to form a functional product: either RNA or polypeptide

Of the following, which is the most current description of a gene? a unit of heredity that causes formation of a phenotypic characteristic a DNA subunit that codes for a single complete protein a DNA sequence that is expressed to form a functional product: either RNA or polypeptide a DNA-RNA sequence combination that results in an enzymatic product a discrete unit of hereditary information that consists of a sequence of amino acids

complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon.

The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon. complementary to the corresponding triplet in rRNA. the part of tRNA that bonds to a specific amino acid. changeable, depending on the amino acid that attaches to the tRNA. catalytic, making the tRNA a ribozyme.

UUC

The figure represents tRNA that recognizes and binds a particular amino acid (in this instance, phenylalanine). Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for this amino acid? UGG GUG GUA UUC CAU

A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism.

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume which of the following? A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism. All organisms have experienced convergent evolution. DNA was the first genetic material. The same codons in different organisms translate into the different amino acids. Different organisms have different numbers of different types of amino acids.

a polypeptide missing an amino acid.

The most commonly occurring mutation in people with cystic fibrosis is a deletion of a single codon. This results in a base-pair substitution. a nucleotide mismatch. a frameshift mutation. a polypeptide missing an amino acid. a nonsense mutation.

ATP, RNA, and DNA

The nitrogenous base adenine is found in all members of which group? proteins, triglycerides, and testosterone proteins, ATP, and DNA ATP, RNA, and DNA glucose, ATP, and DNA proteins, carbohydrates, and ATP

polypeptide factors plus GTP

The process of translation, whether in prokaryotes or eukaryotes, requires tRNAs, amino acids, ribosomal subunits, and which of the following? polypeptide factors plus ATP polypeptide factors plus GTP polymerases plus GTP SRP plus chaperones signal peptides plus release factor

several transcription factors (TFs)

Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to RNA polymerase? the protein product of the promoter start and stop codons ribosomes and tRNA several transcription factors (TFs) aminoacyl synthetase

an RNA with enzymatic activity

What is a ribozyme? an enzyme that uses RNA as a substrate an RNA with enzymatic activity an enzyme that catalyzes the association between the large and small ribosomal subunits an enzyme that synthesizes RNA as part of the transcription process an enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers during DNA replication

a base-pair deletion

Which of the following DNA mutations is the most likely to be damaging to the protein it specifies? a base-pair deletion a codon substitution a substitution in the last base of a codon a codon deletion a point mutation

Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus.

Which of the following is not true of RNA processing? Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus. Nucleotides may be added at both ends of the RNA. Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing. RNA splicing can be catalyzed by spliceosomes. A primary transcript is often much longer than the final RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus.

DNA polymerase uses primer, usually made of RNA.

Which of the following provides some evidence that RNA probably evolved before DNA? RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template. RNA polymerase makes a single-stranded molecule. RNA polymerase does not require localized unwinding of the DNA. DNA polymerase uses primer, usually made of RNA. DNA polymerase has proofreading function.

Translation can begin while transcription is still in progress.

Which of the following statements is true about protein synthesis in prokaryotes? Extensive RNA processing is required before prokaryotic transcripts can be translated. Translation can begin while transcription is still in progress. Prokaryotic cells have complicated mechanisms for targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular organelles. Translation requires antibiotic activity. Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes require no initiation or elongation factors.

2

[A->B->C] According to Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis, how many genes are necessary for this pathway?