BIO 111- Chapter #1 Mastering HW

Based on your understanding of the different levels of biological organization, which level from choices below would be the smallest, most-exclusive grouping? a. species b. biosphere c. population d. community e. ecosystem

c. population

What is the term used to describe the ability of an organism to maintain its internal environment within the limits required to sustain life? a. homeostasis b. heteroregulation c. heterostasis d. homeoregulation e. homeomaintenance

a. homeostasis

Evolution is often described as "survival of the fittest." How would a biologist best measure fitness from the perspective of evolution? a. Fitness is best measured by an organism's survival ability and number of offspring. Deficiencies in one can be compensated by the other. b. Fitness is best measured by the ability to survive in the environment. This is the definition of adaptation. c. Fitness is best measured by an organism's ability to find food and escape from predators. d. Fitness is best measured by an organism's speed and strength. These two characteristics are adaptive to most environments. e. Fitness is best measured by the number of offspring. The more offspring an organism has that survive to reproduce, the more its genes will be represented in the next generation and beyond.

a. Fitness is best measured by an organism's survival ability and number of offspring. Deficiencies in one can be compensated by the other.

Which of the following is based on scientific understanding? a. schizophrenia is caused by a chemical disorder in the brain b. man can walk on water c. the number seven will bring you luck d. thunder is caused by gods burping.

a. schizophrenia is caused by a chemical disorder in the brain

In what way are energy and nutrients similar? a. they both can be recycled b. they both can be created by life c. they both provide the power to do work d. they bother are made of atoms e. they both can be eaten

a. they both can be recycled

A plant or other organism that can make its own food is known as an ______. An animal or other organism that cannot make its own food is known as an _______.

autotroph; heterotroph

Which of these scenarios is the best example of natural selection? a. Two tribes of humans live near one another. One decorates its warriors with white mud from the river and another uses black mud from a pond. One night, the white-mud tribe tries to make an attack on the other tribe, but is spotted early due to the gleaming white color of its warriors. The black-mud tribe wipes it out in the battle and takes over its land. b. A population of moths has a mottled gray and black camouflage to hide from birds. This camouflage matches the color of the tree bark in the area. An industrial complex is built nearby and pollution darkens the tree bark. After several generations, the moths are almost completely black. c. A population of wild cats lives in a suburban neighborhood. Children in the area begin throwing rocks at the cats to scare them away. After several years, the cats are all observed to run from any child they see, even ones new to the neighborhood. d. Every winter and spring, a migrating flock of geese stops at a particular pond during its journey. During a particularly hard drought, the pond dries up for a year. The geese briefly stop at the empty pond, but do not stay. Next year, when the pond fills again, the geese do not return.

b. A population of moths has a mottled gray and black camouflage to hide from birds. This camouflage matches the color of the tree bark in the area. An industrial complex is built nearby and pollution darkens the tree bark. After several generations, the moths are almost completely black.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things? a. being capable of reproduction b. creating energy c. responding to stimuli d. exhibiting complex organization e. having a DNA as a genetic code

b. creating energy

Which of these is a characteristic of all life? a. moving b. growing c. eating d. thinking e. making energy f. using oxygen

b. growing

By definition, "living things, or organisms, all share certain characteristics that, taken together, define life." Which of the statements below would not be correct with respect to this statement? a. organisms acquire and use materials and energy b. organisms grow and reproduce sexually c. organisms actively maintain organized complexity d. organisms sense and respond to stimuli e. organisms, collectively, evolve

b. organisms grow and reproduce sexually

Which of the following statements about viruses is FALSE? a. vaccines are available to prevent several diseases caused by viruses b. the widespread use of antibiotics has lead to resistant strains of viruses c. if a virus mutates, the immune system may not recognize the virus d. people can get colds and flus again because the viruses are constantly mutating

b. the widespread use of antibiotics has lead to resistant strains of viruses

_______ is the study of living things

biology

How do the terms "natural selection" and "evolution" compare? a. natural selection and evolution mean the same thing b. natural selection results in small changes; evolution results in larger changes c. natural selection is a force that causes evolution d. natural selection is a theory; evolution is not e. evolution requires natural selection

c. natural selection is a force that causes evolution

Which of the following can be found in bacteria, but not viruses? a. genetic material b. proteins c. a cell membrane d. nucleic acids

c. a cell membrane

Suppose you were in charge of sending an unmanned space probe to a new planet in search of life. The probe would be able to collect and test samples and make observations, but the planet is too far away for the probe to be able to bring samples back to Earth. The probe is small and would only be able to run a few tests, so you want to pick a test for evidence of life that is broad enough to incorporate all forms of life as we know it. Which one of the following tests would be the best to use in this situation? a. a test for the presence of soil suitable for growing plants b. a test for the presence of things that change size quickly, since it would be an indication of growth and development c. a test for the presence of cells that contain DNA d. a test for the presence of large organisms capable of movement

c. a test for the presence of cells that contain DNA

Homeostasis is a living's organisms... a. ability to pump blood through the body b. ability to hibernate during cold times of the year c. ability to maintain constant internal conditions event when environmental conditions change d. attempt to cool off, even when it is cold outside e. attempt to carry out photosynthesis even when there is no sunlight present

c. ability to maintain constant internal conditions even when environmental conditions change

In which of the three domains do we see examples of organisms that are multicellular? a. archaea only b. bacteria only c. eukarya only d. bacteria and archaea e. eukarya and bacteria

c. eukarya only

Which of these is a characteristic of life possessed by viruses? a. they maintain homeostasis b. they respond to stimuli c. they grow d. they are made of cells e. they reproduce

e. they reproduce

Viruses are... a. not alive because they can only carry out photosynthesis and not cellular respiration b. alive because they mutate and change over time through evolution c. alive because they often contain DNA d. not alive because they are not made of cells and require a host cell for reproduction

d. not alive because they are not made of cells and require a host cell for reproduction

You are a NASA scientist and have discovered an organism in outer space that stores its genetic material in the cytoplasm rather than in a nucleus and cannot perform photosynthesis. Given these characteristics, how might you classify this organism? a. bacteria b. eukaryote c. archaea d. prokaryote e. fungi

d. prokaryote

Based on your understanding of the term "scientific method," which of the choices below would be the correct sequence of events after you would make an observation about an event? a. question, hypothesis, experiment, prediction, conclusion b. question, hypothesis, prediction, conclusion, experiment c. experiment, question, hypothesis, prediction, conclusion d. question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion e. hypothesis, question, prediction, experiment, conclusion

d. question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion

Why is combination drug therapy for HIV/AIDS less likely to lead to resistance than single drug therapy? a. the drugs improve the immune system so that it is better able to find and remove virus particles. b. there are fewer side effects associated with combination drugs therapy, and the appearance of resistance is directly related to the severity of side effects. c. in the presence of multiple drugs, the mutation rate of HIV decrease. d. the likelihood of one virus spontaneously mutating to be resistant to several different drugs at the same time is extremely small.

d. the likelihood of one virus spontaneously mutating to be resistant to several different drugs at the same time is extremely small.

__________ ___________ is the process of generating hypotheses from a well-supported generalization such as a scientific theory.

deductive reasoning

You are talking with a friend about why sports teams win more often when playing home games. Your friend says, "I have a theory about that." How would a proper scientist say this phrase? a. "I know a fact about that b. "I have an observation about that." c. "I have a question about that" d. "I have a theory about that" e. "I have a hypothesis about that"

e. "I have a hypothesis about that"

A ________ consists of all the organisms and their nonliving environment within a given area

ecosystem

A statement describing an expected observation or outcome of a scientific experiment is known as a ______.

prediction

A ______ cell lacks a nucleus. A ______ cell has a "true" membrane-enclosed nucleus.

prokaryotic; eukaryotic

Bacteria are _________, or single-celled, organisms. In contrast, most fungi, plants, and animals are many-celled, or ___________.

unicellular; multicellular