Bio 111A Lab Exam

how is DNA replicated

2 DNA strands separate between nitrogenous base pairs, then new nucleotides pair with the remaining nitrogenous base (when DNA chromosome is duplicated before mitosis and meiosis)

which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name of an organism

Genus species

ganglia

a concentration of neurons

what is the process of DNA agarose gel electrophoresis?

a mixture of DNA fragments gets loaded into a "well" in agarose, a dye is inserted to see the migration towards the positive pole------> (DNA= - charge)

codon

a sequence of 3 nitrogenous bases along an mRNA molecule

what is a nervous system

a set of interconnected cells that includes organs that allow an organism to perceive its environment

what are the 3 major parts of a nucleotide?

a sugar(deoxyribose) phosphate group nitrogenous base (ATGC)

neurotransmitters

cause the receiving neuron to fire and continue the impulse/ move through the gap between the two neurons

what is the cause and what are the consequences of sickle cell anemia?

cause- abnormalities in the RBC structure effects- crescent-shaped RBCs, weakness, dizziness, fatigue, labored breathing organ tissue damage to blocked vessels, jaundice, fever, pain

characters

combined morphological traits

sensory receptors

consist of nerve endings that respond to stimuli

axons

direct impulses away from the cell body and are commonly unbranched

dendrites

direct nerve impulses toward from the cell body and are commonly branched

binomial nomenclature

each species has two names 1st=genus capitalized 2nd=species specific and not capitalized

derived nervous system

high neurons, cephalization, PNS, Highly complex, Sensory receptors

nerve net

low numbers of scattered neurons

phylogenetics

modern classification; based on evolutionary relationships

characters of ancestral nervous system

no neurons, low neurons, nerve net, nerve ladder sys, untprotected brain, duffuse nerves

morphology

observable physical attributes

peripheral nervous system

outside the central nervous system

neuron

primary cell type/ composes the nervous system

what is the function of the cytoplasm

production of protein

describe the process of transcription

signal sent from cytoplasm to DNA 1 strand is the template for mRNA mRNA gets synthesized from base pairing and is linear

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on the....

size of the fragments

the anticodon is the sequence of 3 base pairs on the ___-

tRNA

geological time scale

the chronological measurement of the earth's physical formation

cephalization

the development of the anterior end with a concentrations of sensory receptors

what is the advantage of semiconservative replication?

the new DNA molecule has one original strand and one new strand

systematics

the study of the diversity of life and how organisms are related to each other

taxonomy

the system for naming and classifying organisms/first modern systematics designed not equal to evolutionary relationships

natural selection

there is a single origin of life on earth and all species have been produced by modification of this original form due to environmental changes

what is the purpose of BDA agarose gel electrophoresis?

to separate DNA fragments based on size

what is the purpose of transcription?

to transfer protein-building information in DNA to the cytoplasm

dichotomous key

tool used to identify organisms for study at each stage a decision must be made between two choices of characters in order to proceed to the next step (field studies)

what is the process by which proteins are made on the ribosomes using mRNA called?

translation

TRUE or False: A dichotomous key allows us to identify organisms based on their morphological features

true

synapses

when the neurons pass impulses to each other within a neutral pathway