BIO 112 Chapter 10 Homework

T

During DNA replication, which nucleotide will bind to an A nucleotide in the parental DNA?

emerging viruses

Human viruses that have appeared suddenly or have only recently come to the attention of medical scientists are called _____.

When given NMN, NAD and PARP1 activity will increase.

If studies in mice hold true for humans, which of the following will be true?

tRNA ... codon

The anticodon of an incoming _____ molecule, carrying its amino acid, pairs with the mRNA _____ at the ribosome.

5' —> 3'

The direction of synthesis of an RNA transcript is _____.

They lack a complete replication apparatus

Which characteristic of living cells do viruses lack?

her egg cells

A female that is planning to become pregnant is concerned about her exposure to environmental mutagens which may have caused DNA mutations. In order for these mutations to become heritable, they must affect the:

c

A nitrogenous base is indicated by the letter _____.

Each new DNA double helix consists of one old DNA strand and one new DNA strand

After DNA replication is completed, _____

each new DNA double helix consists of one old DNA strand and one new DNA strand

After DNA replication is completed, _____.

template

An old DNA strand is used as a _____ for the assembly of a new DNA strand.

template

An old DNA strand is used as a _____ for the assembly of a new DNA strand. complement

January-April

Based on these data, during which range of months does "flu season" occur in a typical year?

genes carry information for making proteins

Beadle and Tatum discovered that each mold strain that contained a mutation in a specific gene also lacked a specific enzyme. As a result, they concluded that __________

DNA serves as the molecular basis for life. DNA copies itself via the process of replication. RNA is produced from DNA via the process of transcription. Proteins are produced from RNA via the process of translation. There are five examples of a base: A, G, C, T, and U. One way that RNA is different from DNA is that it contains Us instead of Ts.

Can you match the terms to their definitions? Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.

lytic ... lysogenic

Cycle A is the _____ cycle and cycle B is the _____ cycle.

CGTCATC

DNA is a double helix composed of nucleotides. Suppose that a portion of one of the two strands of a DNA molecule has the sequence GCAGTAG

DNA produces more of itself. DNA directs the production of proteins.

DNA is considered to be the molecule of life. Which two functions make DNA uniquely suited to this role?

small

DNA replication occurs at an unbelievably fast rate. Once replication is complete, we can expect to find a _____ number of mistakes.

codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation

During translation, what is the CORRECT order of events that occur as an amino acid is added?

3

Early geneticists wondered how only four nucleotides can specify the sequence of 20 amino acids in proteins. They hypothesized that there must be a code that linked the nucleotide sequence in a gene to the amino acid sequence in a protein. Each nucleotide code is called a codon. Today we know that there is a genetic code in which __________nucleotide(s) code(s) for each amino acid.

The donor cell

From which cell does the sex pilus originate during bacterial conjugation?

all of the above

How do mutations affect an organism?

RNA polymerase starts when the enzyme attaches to a specific nucleotide sequence called a promoter at the beginning of a gene.

How does RNA polymerase know where to start transcribing a gene into mRNA?

thymine ... cytosine

In a DNA double helix an adenine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand, and a guanine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand.

1' ... 5'

In a nucleotide, the nitrogenous base is attached to the sugar's _____ carbon and the phosphate group is attached to the sugar's _____ carbon.

B

In the accompanying image, a nucleotide is indicated by the letter _____.

RNA polymerase

In the diagram below, the gray unit represents _____

promoter region

In the diagram below, the green unit represents _____.

DNA

In the diagram below, the two blue strands represent

viral DNA is replicated along with host DNA

In the lysogenic cycle _____

The base sequence that codes for the lipase enzyme is duplicated during DNA replication. A specific sequence of bases in a DNA molecule codes for the lipase enzyme.

Lipase is an enzyme (a type of protein) that breaks down fats. Which of the following statements about lipase are true? Select all that apply.

RNA

Most plant viruses have _____ as their genetic material.

during cell division daughter cells are genetically identical to the mother cell

New molecules of DNA are synthesized by copying the genetic sequence of another molecule of DNA, which we call the template, so that __________.

5' to 3'

Nucleic acids are assembled in the _____ direction.

helped explain how DNA molecules can be copied to produce identical DNA molecules

One of the critical aspects of Watson and Crick's discovery of the structure of DNA was that it __________.

ligase

Short segments of newly synthesized DNA are joined into a continuous strand by _____.

initiation, elongation, termination

The CORRECT sequence of events occurring during transcription is ________.

adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

The DNA polynucleotide structure contains which one of the following?

replication forks and replication bubbles

The action of helicase creates _____.

influenza

The deadliest infectious disease outbreak of all time happened over an 18-month period in 1918-1919. What disease caused this outbreak?

exons

The expressed (coding) regions of eukaryotic genes are called ________.

helicase

The first step in the replication of DNA is catalyzed by _____.

RNA ... protein

The influenza virus, a deadly infectious agent found around the world, is composed of _____ and _____.

The order of the nucleotides in the molecule

The information carried by a DNA molecule is in __________.

P

The initiator tRNA attaches at the ribosome's _____ site.

phosphate group

The letter A indicates a _____.

DNA ligase

The molecule that seals the gaps between the pieces of DNA in the lagging strand is

RNA primer complementary to a preexisting DNA strand

The synthesis of a new strand begins with the synthesis of a(n) _____.

CUG

The tRNA anticodon, GAC, is complementary to the mRNA codon with the sequence _____.

nucleotide

This is an image of a(n) _____.

True

True or False. During bacterial conjugation, the recipient cell receives a single-stranded loop of DNA.

This graph is consistent with an unusually highly contagious strain of influenza circulating in 2009. The timing of next year's flu season will be relatively predictable. Summer and early fall typically have lower flu mortality than other times of the year.

Use the graph to choose the three true statements.

What do DNA and RNA have in common?

What do DNA and RNA have in common?

initiation (of translation)

What is the name of the process shown in the diagram?

initiation, elongation, and termination

Which of the following are the three phases of translation?

DNA polymerases

Which of the following build(s) new strands of DNA?

A cell with low NAD and large amounts of bonded DBC1 and PARP1.

Which of the following cells is most likely to have the greatest trouble repairing damaged DNA?

RNA polymerase

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for RNA synthesis?

chicken pox virus

Which of the following is an animal virus?

Both PARP1 and SIRT1 require NAD to work properly.

Which of the following is true?

A person that has had radiation treatment for breast cancer.

Which of the following people is most likely to benefit from this research?

One cell has given a copy of a plasmid to another cell and kept one copy for itself.

Which of the following statements best describes the end result of bacterial conjugation?

a G paired with a T

Which of the following would indicate a base pairing mutation in DNA?

GTTACG CAAUGC

Which of these correctly illustrates the pairing of DNA and RNA nucleotides?

DNA is double-stranded, whereas RNA is single-stranded.

Which of these is a difference between a DNA and an RNA molecule?

B

Which of these is a tRNA?

D

Which of these is responsible for catalyzing the formation of an RNA primer?

C, D, and E

Which of these is(are) pyrimidines?

thymine

Which of these nitrogenous bases is found in DNA but not in RNA?

Each tRNA binds a specific amino acid.

Which one of the following choices is true of tRNA?

The leading strand is built continuously, and the lagging strand is built in pieces.

Which statement about DNA replication is CORRECT?

DNA ligase adds nucleotides to the lagging strand.

Which statement about DNA replication is FALSE?

DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction

Why is the new DNA strand complementary to the 3' to 5' strands assembled in short segments?

sugar with two, and not three, oxygen atoms

You can tell that this is an image of a DNA nucleotide and not an RNA nucleotide because you see a _____.

The rate of cellular aging will increase.

You do research on yeast, removing the gene that codes for SIRT1. Which of the following is most likely?