BIO 121 EXAM 1
Accommodation in the eye involves which of the following? a. curvature of the lens b. ciliary muscles c. length of the eyeball d. all of the above e. a and b only
A & B only
Which of the following is/are true of rod cells? a. They contain a photosensitive chemical called rhodopsin. b. They are sensitive to dim light. c. They are located mostly in the fovea. d. All of the above are true. e. A and B only
A & B only
Various types of stress can be accompanied by: a. cortisol release from the adrenal cortex b. epinephrine release from the adrenal medulla c. ADH release from the anterior pituitary d. aldosterone release from the adrenal medulla e. all of the above f. A and B only
A and B only
Color blindness is believed to be due to: a. a deficiency of photoreceptors b. a deficiency of rhodopsin c. an overabundance of saccades d. a deficiency of bipolar neurons
A deficiency of photoreceptors.
The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is a) TSH. b) ACTH. c) FSH. d) LH. e) GH.
ACTH
After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics which of the following hormones? a) aldosterone b) epinephrine c) renin d) ADH e) cortisol
ADH
Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of a) ACTH. b) ADH. c) OXT. d) TSH. e) LH.
ADH
The posterior pituitary gland secretes a) FSH. b) TSH. c) ACTH. d) ADH. e) MSH.
ADH
increase in amount of water in the body
ADH
Too little secretion of cortisol causes a) goiter. b) diabetes mellitus. c) diabetes insipidus. d) Addison's disease. e) Cushing's disease.
Addison's disease
Olfactory (smell) receptors: a. are specialized endings of afferent neurons b. lie in a small patch of mucus membrane in the upper part of the nasal cavity c. possess fine cilia extending into the olfactory mucus d. all of the above
All of the above
The response of receptors to different sound frequencies: a. takes place in the cochlea b. depends upon response of certain portions of the basilar membrane to different frequencies c. takes place as certain hair cells are affected by particular frequencies d. all of the above
All of the above.
During exercise, a) vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. b) venous return increases. c) both cardiac output and stroke volume increase. d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.
All of the answers are correct
In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus, a) blood glucose levels are very high. b) excessive thirst is shown. c) glucose is present in the urine in large amounts. d) a large excretion of urine occurs. e) All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct
Proper growth requires which of the following hormones? a) thyroid hormone b) calcitriol c) insulin d) growth hormone e) All of the answers are correct
All of the answers are correct
Sensory neurons that are involved in chemoreceptor reflexes are located where? a) common carotid artery. b) arch of the aorta. c) medulla oblongata. d) All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct
The hormone oxytocin a) promotes uterine contractions. b) is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands. c) rises during sexual arousal. d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.
All of the answers are correct
The right atrium receives blood from the a) coronary sinus. b) superior vena cava. c) inferior vena cava. d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.
All of the answers are correct
The targets for insulin is/are a) skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells. b) adipocytes. c) liver cells. d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.
All of the answers are correct
Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues? a) increased oxygen consumption b) increased heart rate c) increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation d) increased body temperature e) All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct
Which of the following is characteristic of cardiovascular regulation? a) Blood flow through tissues meets the demand for oxygen. b) Blood flow changes to match tissue responses. c) Changes occur without drastically altering blood pressure. d) Blood flow through tissues meets the demand for nutrients. e) All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct
Which of the following organs contain target cells for oxytocin? a) prostate b) ductus deferens c) mammary glands d) uterus e) All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct
Which of the following would occur in response to hemorrhage? a) peripheral vasoconstriction. b) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. c) mobilization of the venous reserve. d) All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct
A loud noise causes a(n) a. large movement of the tympanic membrane b. alerting reaction leading to sympathetic activation c. large number of hair cells to be stimulated d. big pressure pulse entering the cochlear duct at that oval window e. All of the answers are correct
All of the answers are correct.
Extracellular membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones? a) catecholamines b) peptide hormones c) eicosanoids d) All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Taste receptors are distributed in which of the following places? a. surface of the epiglottis b. surface of the tongue c. portions of the pharynx d. All of the answers are correct. e. None of the answers is correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Hormonal actions on cells include those that affect a) quantities of enzymes. b) activities of enzymes. c) synthesis of enzymes. d) gating of ion channels. e) All the answers are correct.
All the answers are correct
Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include a) peptides. b) steroids. c) eicosanoids. d) amino acid derivatives. e) All the answers are correct.
All the answers are correct
The auditory (Eustachian) tube: a. contains fluid that vibrates to convert sound waves to auditory nerve impulses b. allows equalization of air pressure between the middle ear and the outside atmosphere. c. conducts sound from the middle ear to the cochlea d. responds to changes in acceleration
Allows equalization of air pressure between the middle ear and the outside atmosphere.
Color blindness is a visual defect resulting from: a. damage to the pigment layer of the iris b. an absence of one of the type of cones c. damage to rod cells d. a lack of rhodopsin
An absence of one of the type of cones.
Color blindness is a visual defect resulting from: a. damage to the pigment layer of the iris b. damage to rod cells c. a lack of rhodopsin d. an absence of one of the type of cones
An absence of one of the type of cones.
What structure equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and outer atmosphere? a. auditory tube (Eustachian tube) b. tympanic membrane c. scala vestibuli d. cochlear duct
Auditory Tube (Eustachian Tube)
Vibrations of the tympanic membrane are transferred to the oval window by the: a. oval window. b. auditory ossicles. c. stapedius muscle. d. cochlea. e. tensor tympani.
Auditory ossicles.
The ________ is the regulation of blood flow by local mechanisms within a capillary bed. a) Central regulation b) Autoregulation c) Tissue perfusion d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.
Autoregulation
A person with normal vision is driving down the road, looking far ahead. If they glance down to read the speedometer, the lens of the eye will: a. become flattened b. become more rounded c. accommodate d. A and C e. B and C
B & C
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term stereocilia? a. move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth b. transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear c. bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells d. tiny weights necessary for the static sense of equilibrium e. seal the oval window
Bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells.
Before an odorant can be detected, it must: a. be transported to the olfactory bulbs. b. contact a supporting cell. c. apply pressure to the olfactory epithelium. d. bind to receptors in olfactory dendrites.
Bind to receptors in olfactory dendrites.
Which of the following is true concerning blood flow? a. Blood flows from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure. b. Velocity increases as cross sectional area increases. c. Flow is not influenced by heart rate or stroke volume. d. Blood flow from capillaries directly to veins.
Blood flows from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure
Which parts of the following statement are true? The cardioacceleratory center activates sympathetic neurons and the cardioinhibitory center controls parasympathetic neurons. a) The first part of the statement is true but the second part is false. b) The first part of the statement is false but the second part is true. c) Both parts of the statement are true. d) Both parts of the statement are false.
Both parts of the statement are true
The process by which changes in the curvature of the lens adjusts the focusing of an image on the retina is: a. called astigmatism b. a corrective device for hyperopia c. a visual defect resulting from distance distortion d. called accommodation
Called accommodation.
The individual receptors for the sense of taste: a. are actually only located in the nasal passages b. can respond to a variety of chemicals c. are restricted to the tongue d. are of three different types, each of which is evenly distributed on the surface of the tongue
Can respond to a variety of chemicals.
Vision impairment due to an opaque lens is known as: a. astigmatism b. presbyopia c. glaucoma d. cataracts
Cataracts
Vision impairment due to an opaque lens is known as: a. cataracts b. presbyopia c. astigmatism d. glaucoma
Cataracts
The ________ glands produce a secretion commonly called earwax. a. sudoriferous b. apocrine sweat c. sweat d. ceruminous e. mammary
Ceruminous
The sensory neurons within the olfactory organ are stimulated by ________ in the air. a. pressure b. dust c. chemicals d. water e. proteins
Chemicals
Olfactory glands a. react to aromatic molecules. b. coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus. c. house the sense of smell. d. support the olfactory epithelium. e. group as olfactory bulbs
Coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus.
When auditory receptors are stimulated, the resulting action potential is transmitted through the: a. tympanic nerve b. cochlear portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve c. cranial nerve II d. vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve
Cochlear portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve.
Interference with the transfer of vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window is ________ deafness. a. tone b. conductive c. nerve d. neural e. vertigo
Conductive
The rod-shaped receptor cells of the eye: a. are responsible for acuity (sharpness) of vision b. indicate color c. are found mainly in the central portion of the retina d. contain rhodopsin
Contain Rhodopsin
Most light refraction is accomplished by the: a. retina b. cornea c. lens d. pupil
Cornea
The elevated ridges within the ampullae of the semicircular canals that support the hair cells are known as a a. concha. b. cupula. c. crista ampullaris. d. macula. e. papilla.
Crista Ampullaris.
hypersecretion of cortisol.
Cushing's Syndrome
Discrimination of specific tastes and odors is believed to be due, at least in part, to: a. many receptors, each of which responds to a single chemical d. different firing patterns of groups of receptor cells in response to different chemicals c. the suppression of specific receptors from firing d. differences in the neurotransmitters released from the receptor cells
Different firing patterns of groups of receptor cells in response to different chemicals.
Dim light situations would result in: a. dilation of the pupil b. increased cone sensitivity c. the breakdown of rhodopsin d. constriction of the pupil
Dilation of the pupil.
Which of the following is NOT one of the extrinsic eye muscles? a. lateral rectus b. dilator pupillae c. inferior oblique d. superior oblique
Dilator Pupillae
Color blindness is: a. an inability to focus certain light waves in front of the retina b. caused by a malfunctioning of rods c. due to a lack of certain cone cells d. an inability to see any objects that have color
Due to a lack of certain cone cells.
Sound travels directly to the eardrum through the a. pinna. b. external auditory canal. c. cochlea. d. vestibule. e. ear ossicles.
External auditory canal.
The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is a) TSH. b) ACTH. c) FSH. d) LH. e) GH.
FSH
Taste buds are monitored by which cranial nerves? a. trigeminal (V), facial (VII), and glossopharyngeal (IX) b. facial (VII), vestibulocochlear (VIII), and glossopharyngeal (IX) c. glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), and spinal accessory (XI) d. facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X)
Facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X).
Gustatory receptors are clustered in taste buds in all of the following papillae except: a. vallate. b. fungiform. c. foliate. d. filiform.
Filiform
The sense of taste is also known as a. interoreception b. olfaction c. equilibrium d. proprioception e. gustation
Gustation
The chemoreceptors of gustatory cells are: a. located only on the tongue b. are most sensitive when the mouth is dry c. gustatory (taste) hairs d. taste buds
Gustatory (taste) hairs.
The chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues are called a) Hormones b) Neuropeptides c) Neurotransmitters d) Paracrine factors e) None of the answers is correct.
Hormones
Which of the following conditions can be corrected by a convex lens, that will shift the focal point anteriorly? a. myopia b. hyperopia c. astigmatism d. cataract
Hyperopia
Damage to the left optic nerve may result in: a. impaired vision in only the left eye b. impaired vision in both eyes c. impaired vision in only the right eye d. weakness in the extrinsic eye muscles
Impaired vision in only the left eye.
The hair cells that convert sound into nervous impulses are found: a. in the organ of Corti b. on the malleus c. on the tympanic membrane d. in the semicircular canals
In the organ of Corti.
Receptors for the senses of equilibrium and hearing are located in the: a. perilymph b. membranous endolymph c. middle ear d. organ of Corti e. internal ear
Internal Ear
Daytime vision: a. involves mostly cones, rather than rods b. is possible due an excitatory impulse generated when light contacts the photosensitive chemical rhodopsin c. involves mostly rod cells d. A and B only
Involves mostly cones, rather than rods
What structure changes the size of the opening through which light enters the eye? a. pupil b. retina c. lens d. iris
Iris
Hyperopia: a. can be corrected by a concave lens b. is also known as nearsightedness c. my be the result of an elongated eyeball d. is a condition in which the focal point is posterior to the retina
Is a condition in which the focal point is posterior to the retina.
The primary function of ADH is to a) increase the amount of sodium lost at the kidneys. b) decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys. c) decrease blood pressure. d) increase digestive absorption. e) delay urination.
It releases secretions through gap junctions
Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false? a) It has target cells that are mainly in distant tissues. b) It affects only cells with appropriate receptors. c) It releases secretions directly into body fluids. d) It is regulated by negative feedback mechanisms. e) It releases secretions through gap junctions.
It releases secretions through gap junctions
Which pituitary hormone promotes ovarian secretion of estrogen and progesterone, and testicular secretion of testosterone? a) TSH. b) ACTH. c) FSH. d) LH. e) GH.
LH
Rotating the eyeball directly towards the midline or away from the midline is accomplished by which muscles? a. orbicularis oculi b. ciliary muscles c. oblique muscles d. lateral and medial rectus muscles
Lateral and medial rectus muscles.
The hair cells of the utricle and saccule are clustered in a. ampullae. b. cristae. c. cupulae. d. maculae.
Maculae
Each gustatory cell extends ________ (or taste hairs) into the surrounding fluids through a narrow taste pore. a. flagella b. dendrites c. microvilli d. papillae
Microvilli
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term basilar membrane? a. moves up and down when the stapes moves back and forth b. transmits movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear c. supports the olfactory organ d. tiny duct necessary for the static sense of equilibrium e. covers the oval window
Moves up and down when the stapes moves back and forth.
The condition in which the image is formed in front of the retina is called: a. cataract b. astigmatism c. hyperopia d. myopia
Myopia
The condition in which the image is formed in front of the retina is called: a. cataract b. hyperopia c. astigmatism d. myopia
Myopia
Which of the following is released due to sensory input and thus part of a neuroendocrine reflex? a) FSH b) OXT c) TSH d) corticotropin e) somatotropin
OXT
Some neural tissues retain stem cells and, thus, the capacity to divide and replace lost neurons. Which of these special senses can replace its damaged neural receptors? a. olfaction b. hearing c. equilibrium d. All of the answers are correct e. None of the answers is correct
Olfaction
For olfaction, which of the following is FALSE? a. Olfactory receptors are located in mucus membranes in the upper portion of the nasal cavity. b. Olfaction only occurs in the presence of scent-producing glands. c. Olfactory receptors are specialized neurons. d. Smell can influence taste and evoke emotional responses.
Olfaction only occurs in the presence of scent-producing glands.
Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate. They synapse on neurons in the: a. olfactory bulb. b. olfactory tract. c. medial geniculate. d. cerebral cortex. e. medulla oblongata.
Olfactory bulb.
The olfactory organ consists of the ________ and the lamina propria. a. cribriform plate b. olfactory bulb c. olfactory epithelium d. olfactory tract e. olfactory nerve
Olfactory epithelium.
The function of gustatory receptors is most similar to the function of: a. lamellated corpuscles. b. light receptors in the eye. c. mechanoreceptors in the ear. d. olfactory receptors.
Olfactory receptors.
The "blind spot" is technically called the: a. fovea b. optic chiasm c. emmetropia d. optic disc
Optic Disc
Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood. a) thymosin b) calcitonin c) PTH d) aldosterone e) cortisol
PTH
Which of the following is not one of the six primary taste sensations? a. sour b. salty c. umami d. sweet e. peppery
Peppery
Which of the following is directly responsible for converting sound (mechanical energy) into nerve impulses? a. tympanic membrane b. tectorial membrane c. cochlear fluid d. receptor cells in the organ of Corti
Receptor cells in the organ of Corti.
Special cells or nerve endings which convert various forms of energy from the environment into action potentials are: a. glial cells b. efferent neurons c. interneurons d. receptors
Receptors
Light waves are converted into nerve impulses in the: a. ciliary body b. retina c. lens d. pupil
Retina
Identify the correct order of structures involved in sensing light and transmitting the information to the brain: a. choroid --> retina --> optic nerve --> visual cortex b. sclera --> optic nerve --> optic chiasma --> thalamus c. retina --> optic nerve --> thalamus --> visual cortex d. optic chiasma --> retina --> thalamus --> visual cortex
Retina --> optic nerve --> thalamus --> visual cortex.
Which of the following lists the correct sequence of structures involved with generating a heartbeat (contraction)? a. SA node --> AV Bundle --> AV node --> Purkinje fibers b. SA node --> AV node --> AV Bundle --> Purkinje fibers c. AV node --> Purkinje fibers --> AV Bundle --> SA node d. SA node --> Purkinje fibers --> AV Bundle --> AV node
SA node --> AV node --> AV Bundle --> Purkinje fibers
The tough, white, outermost part of the eye is the: a. cornea b. sclera c. choroid d. vitreous body
Sclera
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term stapes? a. moves up and down when the stapedius muscle contracts b. auditory ossicle attached to tympanic membrane c. bending it produces receptor potential in hair cells d. necessary for the static sense of equilibrium e. seals the oval window
Seals the oval window.
When you spin quickly, you may feel dizzy. Which component of the inner ear generates the sensations that can lead to this feeling? a. semicircular canal b. utricle c. saccule d. organ of Corti
Semicircular Canal
That structure involved in sensing changes in angular acceleration (turning) of the head is the: a. saccule b. semicircular canal c. utricle d. a and c only
Semicircular Canals
When you spin around several times with your eyes closed, which of the following will detect the motion? a. semicircular canals b. utricles c. cochlea d. otoliths
Semicircular Canals
In lab this week, what test will you use to check your visual acuity? a. PTC paper b. Ishihara color plates c. astigmatism chart d. Snellen chart
Snellen Chart
Which eye muscle moves the eyeball down and laterally? a. superior rectus b. none of the above c. superior oblique d. medial rectus
Superior Oblique
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is a) TSH. b) ACTH. c) FSH. d) LH. e) GH.
TSH
If the function of the anterior pituitary was impaired for any extensive period of time, which of the following would most likely occur as a result? a. TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) in the blood would decrease b. Oxytocin in the blood would decrease c. Ovaries would secrete FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) d. Adrenal cortex would over-secrete corticosteroids
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) in the blood would decrease
Which structure overlies the spiral organ (organ of Corti)? a. stapedius. b. perilymph. c. tectorial membrane. d. basilar membrane. e. endolymph.
Tectorial membrane.
Rotational or angular acceleration causes: a. the flow of endolymph which stimulates receptor cilia in the semicircular canals b. action potentials which travel through the cochlear portion of cranial nerve VIII c. the flow of perilymph which causes the movement of otoliths to stimulates receptor cilia d. action potentials to be generated on the basilar membrane
The flow of endolymph which stimulates receptor cilia in the semicircular canals.
Rotational or angular acceleration causes: a. the flow of perilymph which causes the movement of otoliths to stimulates receptor cilia b. action potentials to be generated on the basilar membrane c. the flow of endolymph which stimulates receptor cilia in the semicircular canals d. action potentials which travel through the cochlear portion of cranial nerve VIII
The flow of endolymph which stimulates receptor cilia in the semicircular canals.
Which of the following is true of photoreceptors? a. rods contain 3 types of color sensitive receptors b. there are 3 types of color sensitive receptors - red, green, and yellow c. cones are not color sensitive d. there are 3 types of color sensitive receptors - red, green, and blue
There are 3 types of color sensitive receptors - red, green, and blue.
Astigmatism is a condition in which: a. there is unequal curvature of the vitreous humor b. vision is impaired due to clouding of the lens c. the lens weakens and can no longer effectively accommodate d. there is unequal curvature of the cornea or lens
There is unequal curvature of the cornea or lens.
The ossicles (bones) in the ear function to: a. equalize pressure in the inner ear b. stimulate the tympanic membrane c. transfer sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear d. initiate action potentials in response to sound waves
Transfer sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term ossicles? a. move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth b. transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear c. bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells d. tiny weights necessary for the static sense of equilibrium e. seal the oval window
Transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear.
It is possible to be "deaf" for only certain frequencies. a. true b. false
True
The external acoustic meatus ends at the a. auditory tube. b. cochlea. c. pharynx (throat) d. tympanic membrane. e. utricle
Tympanic Membrane
The external ear ends at the a. vestibule. b. cochlea. c. ossicles. d. tympanic membrane. e. pinna.
Tympanic Membrane
Which of the following anatomical sequences is correct? a. tympanic membrane - incus - malleus - stapes - oval window - round window b. tympanic membrane - incus - stapes - malleus - oval window - round window c. tympanic membrane - malleus - incus - stapes - oval window - round window d. tympanic membrane - malleus - incus - stapes - round window - oval window e. tympanic membrane - incus - malleus - stapes - round window - oval window
Tympanic membrane - malleus - incus - stapes - oval window - round window.
The auditory ossicles connect the a. tympanic membrane to the oval window b. stapedius to the tympanic membrane c. tympanic membrane to the round window d. oval window to the round window
Tympanic membrane to the oval window.
Which taste sensation is triggered by amino acids and small peptides? a. peppery. b. sour. c. salty. d. sweet. e. umami.
Umami
The ________ convey(s) information about head position with respect to gravity. a. cochlea b. utricle c. ampulla d. saccule e. utricle and saccule
Utricle and Saccule.
The sensory receptors that contain otoliths, and that are primarily concerned with recognition of head position relative to gravity are located in the: a. utricle and saccule b. organ of Corti c. semicircular canals d. sensory cortex
Utricle and saccule.
Perception of the frequency of a sound depends on: a. the frequency of vibration of the tectorial membrane b. the number of hair cells that are stimulated c. the movement of perilymph in the cochlear duct d. the frequency of stereocilia vibration e. which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated
Which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated.
The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually a) cAMP. b) cGMP. c) ATP. d) a G protein. e) calcium ion levels.
a G protein
A child is observed for a period of time. He is not growing in size; he is listless, apathetic, and depressed. Of the following choices, his condition would most likely be due to: a. a stressful environment affecting the anterior pituitary b. a lack of parathyroid hormone c. an over-secretion of growth hormone d. an under-secretion of FSH
a stressful environment affecting the anterior pituitary
Hypersecretion of growth hormone in an adult.
acromegaly
The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the a) hypothalamus. b) infundibulum. c) median eminence. d) adenohypophysis. e) neurohypophysis.
adenohypophysis
The ________ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney. a) parathyroid b) thyroid c) salivary d) adrenal e) pituitary
adrenal
Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of a) antidiuretic hormone. b) calcitonin. c) aldosterone. d) cortisone. e) oxytocin.
aldosterone
Which of these hormones regulates the sodium ion content of the body? e) aldosterone. b) parathormone. d) somatotropin. c) thymosin. a) cortisol.
aldosterone
The adrenal gland produces steroid hormones in a) the zona glomerulosa. b) the zona fasciculate. c) the zona reticularis. d) all layers of the cortex. e) the medulla.
all layers of the cortex
An increase in resistance may be due to: a. a decrease in vessel diameter b. an increase in the plasma protein concentration c. dehydration d. all of the above
all of the above
Venous return is aided by: a. contraction of skeletal muscles b. one-way valves c. thoracic pressure d. all of the above
all of the above
Epinephrine is: a. an enzyme which catalyzes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose b. the second message which activates the release of glucose at the cell membrane c. another name for cyclic AMP d. an example of a "first message" which activates adenyl cyclase to form cyclic AMP
an example of a "first message" which activates adenyl cyclase to form cyclic AMP
The hormone(s) responsible for sexual development, especially in males, is (are) known as: a. prostaglandins b. parathyroid hormone c. catabolic hormones d. androgens
androgens
The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of a) angiotensin. b) cortisol. c) erythropoietin. d) atrial natriuretic peptide. e) adrenaline.
angiotensin
When renin is released from the kidney, a) angiotensin II is converted to angiotensin I. b) angiotensin I is activated. c) angiotensin I increases salt reabsorption at the kidneys. d) blood pressure goes down. e) blood flow to the kidneys decreases.
angiotensin I is activated
Two hormones that have opposing effects are called a) agonists. b) antagonists. c) synergists. d) additive. e) permissive.
antagonists
The ________ valve opens when left ventricular pressure exceeds aortic blood pressure. a) left atrioventricular b) pulmonary semilunar c) right atrioventricular d) aortic semilunar e) All of the answers are correct.
aortic semilunar
Prostaglandins are NOT considered to be true hormones because they: a. only effect other endocrine glands b. are produced and secreted by most tissues/organs and affect local tissue c. travel long distances to reach their targets d. are produced by the hypothalamus but stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary
are produced and secreted by most tissues/organs and affect local tissue
Blood velocity is fastest in the: a. arteries b. arterioles c. capillaries d. venules e. veins
arteries
The main control of peripheral resistance by the vasomotor centers occurs in the a) artery. b) arteriole. c) capillary. d) venule. e) vein.
arteriole
An increase in acids (H+), CO2, and other metabolic waste products in the tissues would cause the: a. arteries to carry more blood b. blood to flow with a higher velocity c. arterioles to dilate in that local area d. none of the above
arterioles to dilate in that local area
During a period of moderate exercise: a. arterioles to the skeletal muscles dilate b. vasoconstriction of the abdominal arterioles decreases c. blood flow to the brain increases significantly d. arterioles to the skeletal muscles constrict
arterioles to the skeletal muscles dilate
Where is blood pressure highest? a) artery b) arteriole c) capillary d) venule e) vein
artery
The P wave of the electrocardiogram corresponds to: a. passage of impulse through A-V node b. repolarization of ventricle c. depolarization of ventricle d. atrial depolarization
atrial depolarization
The bicuspid, or mitral, valve is located a. in the opening of the pulmonary trunk. b. in the opening of the aorta. c. between the left atrium and left ventricle. d. between the right atrium and right ventricle. e. where the venae cavae join the right atrium.
between the left atrium and left ventricle
Which of the following is not associated with the right side of the heart? a. S-A node b. superior vena cava c. bicuspid valve d. pulmonary semilunar valve
bicuspid valve
Which of the following is NOT true of steroid hormones? a) are produced by the adrenal medulla. b) are derived from cholesterol. c) are produced by reproductive glands. d) bind to receptors within the cell. e) are lipids.
bind to receptors within the cell
A malfunctioning posterior lobe of the pituitary would most directly affect the: a. birth process b. reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys c. metabolic rate d. calcium ion balance
birth process
Which of the following will decrease blood flow? a. vasodilation occurs b. pressure increases c. blood viscosity increases d. vessel diameter (width) increases
blood viscosity increases
Cardiac output is dependent upon: a. heart rate b. isovolumetric ventricular contraction c. stroke volume d. both A and C e. all the above
both A and C
If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry? a) increase of insulin b) decrease of insulin c) increase of blood glucose d) decrease of blood glucose e) both an increase of insulin and an increase of blood glucose
both an increase of insulin and an increase of blood glucose
An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will lead to a) increase in heart rate. b) decrease in heart rate. c) decrease in blood pressure. d) both decrease in heart rate and decrease in blood pressure. e) both increase in heart rate and decrease in blood pressure.
both decrease in heart rate and decrease in blood pressure
A slower-than-normal heart rate is called a) fibrillation. b) premature contractions. c) tachycardia. d) bradycardia. e) None of the answers is correct.
bradycardia
Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except a) stimulate osteoclast activity. b) inhibit osteoblast activity. c) build up bone. d) stimulate the formation and secretion of calcitriol at the kidneys. e) enhance the reabsorption of calcium at the kidneys.
build up bone
The C cells of the thyroid gland produce a) thyroxine. b) TSH. c) calcitonin. d) PTH. e) triiodothyronine.
calcitonin
decrease in blood calcium level
calcitonin
Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein a) calcitonin. b) calcitriol. c) calmodulin. d) calcium-binding globulin. e) calcitropin.
calmodulin
Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in a. venules. b. capillaries. c. veins. d. arterioles. e. arteries.
capillaries
Vessels that allow exchange of materials to occur between blood and surrounding tissues are the: a. arteries b. capillaries c. veins d. lymphatics
capillaries
The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the a) venous pressure. b) capillary hydrostatic pressure. c) diastolic pressure. d) peripheral pressure. e) pulse pressure.
capillary hydrostatic pressure
Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of a. chondrocytes. b. smooth muscle cells. c. epithelial cells. d. cardiac muscle cells.
cardiac muscle cells
One of two factors that determine mean arterial pressure is: a. cardiac output b. velocity of blood flow c. capillary dilation d. lymph return
cardiac output
Which of the following best describes angina pectoris? a. a region of the heart that assumes the role of the cardiac pacemaker b. an extremely rapid, unsynchronized contraction of cardiac muscle c. a reduced blood supply to an organ d. chest pain associated with inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle
chest pain associated with inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle
The function of the atrium is to a) collect blood. b) pump blood to the lungs. c) pump blood into the systemic circuit. d) pump blood to the ventricle. e) collect blood and pump blood to the ventricle.
collect blood and pump blood to the ventricle
The blood colloid osmotic pressure depends primarily on the a) concentration of plasma sodium ions. b) concentration of plasma glucose. c) concentration of plasma waste products. d) concentration of plasma proteins. e) number of red blood cells.
concentration of plasma proteins
The pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) a) contain endocrine cells. b) make up almost half of the pancreas. c) produce some digestive enzymes. d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.
contain endocrine cells
hyposecretion of thyroid hormone in childhood.
cretinism
Vasoconstriction of the arterioles would have which of the following effects in the amount of blood flowing through the arterioles: a. increase b. decrease c. no change
decrease
All of the following are results of thyroid hormones except a) elevated rates of oxygen consumption and energy consumption. b) decreased heart rate and force of contraction. c) increased sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation. d) maintenance of normal sensitivity of respiratory centers. e) stimulation of red blood cell formation.
decreased heart rate and force of contraction
The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by a) decreased resistance to disease and infection. b) increased ability to produce glucose from glycogen. c) increased pumping effectiveness of the heart. d) None of the answers is correct.
decreased resistance to disease and infection
Cardiac output can be increased by all of the following except a) decreasing ejection fraction. b) increasing heart rate. c) increasing stroke volume. d) increasing ejection fraction.
decreasing ejection fraction
Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in a) acromegaly. b) goiter. c) diabetes mellitus. d) diabetes insipidus. e) Addison's disease.
diabetes mellitus
decreased secretion of or cell sensitivity to insulin.
diabetes mellitus
The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces a) insulin. b) glucagon. c) somatotropin. d) digestive enzymes. e) bile.
digestive enzymes
If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be a) doubled. b) halved. c) four times lesser. d) unchanged.
doubled
Hyposecretion of growth hormone in a child
dwarfism
The ________ is the amount of blood in a ventricle after it has contracted and before it begins to refill. a) stroke volume b) end-systolic volume c) end-diastolic volume d) afterload
end-systolic volume
The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium. a) epicardium b) myocardium c) endocardium d) visceral pericardium e) parietal pericardium
endocardium
In cardiac muscle, calcium ions a) are not released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. b) do not bind to troponin molecules. c) play no role in the process of contraction. d) enter the cell through slow ion channels. e) play an important role in repolarizing the membrane after the depolarization phase.
enter the cell through slow ion channels
The adrenal medulla produces a) androgens. b) glucocorticoids. c) mineralocorticoids. d) epinephrine. e) corticosteroids
epinephrine
What hormone produces cardiovascular effects similar to activation of the sympathetic nervous system? a. acetylcholine. b. epinephrine.
epinephrine
Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system? a) cortisol b) parathyroid hormone c) insulin d) growth hormone e) epinephrine
epinephrine
The adrenal medulla produces the hormones a) epinephrine and androgen. b) epinephrine and norepinephrine. c) corticosterone and testosterone. d) androgens and progesterone. e) norcortisol and cortisol
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells? a) cortisol b) erythropoietin c) thymosin d) aldosterone e) atrial natriuretic peptide
erythropoietin
Total heart block is most often due to: a. failure of the SA node b. an ectopic foci c. failure of the AV node d. a blockage of one of the coronary arteries
failure of the AV node
The hypothalamic releasing factors are not true hormones because they do not reach their target tissue by way of the circulatory system. a. true b. false
false
True or False: The AV node serves as a "bridge" that transmits the depolarization wave from the ventricles to atria. a. true b. false because the AV node transmits signals from the atria to the ventricles c. false because the AV node transmits signals from the right atrium to the left atrium d. false because the AV node transmits signals from the left atrium to the right atrium
false because the AV node transmits signals from the atria to the ventricles
Atherosclerosis is a vascular disorder in which blood flow may be compromised due to: a. fatty deposits that reduce the lumen diameter of arteries b. fatty deposits that reduce the lumen diameter of veins c. any of the above would be considered atherosclerosis d. fatty deposits that reduce the lumen diameter of capillaries
fatty deposits that reduce the lumen diameter of arteries
At the arteriole end of a capillary, oxygen and nutrients diffuse: a. from the capillary into the interstitial space b. from the interstitial space into the capillary c. against the concentration gradient d. back and forth across the membrane until equilibrium is reached
from the capillary into the interstitial space
All of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it doesn't a) respond rapidly to stimuli. b) respond specifically to stimuli. c) communicate by the release of neurotransmitters. d) respond with motor output. e) function independently of the endocrine system.
function independently of the endocrine system
Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause a) dwarfism. b) rickets. c) gigantism. d) acromegaly. e) diabetes insipidus.
gigantism
Hypersecretion of growth hormone in a child.
gigantism
If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting a) glucagon. b) GHIH. c) thyroid hormone. d) aldosterone. e) antidiuretic hormone.
glucagon
increase in blood sugar level
glucagon
When blood glucose levels fall, a) insulin is released. b) glucagon is released. c) peripheral cells take up more glucose. d) protein synthesis increases. e) glucagon is released and protein synthesis increases.
glucagon is released
In the pancreas, alpha cells secrete ________ and beta cells secrete ________. a) glucagon; insulin b) somatostatin; insulin c) insulin; glucagon d) glucagon; somatostatin e) pancreatic polypeptide; insulin
glucagon; insulin
Cushing's disease results from an excess of a) growth hormone. b) parathyroid hormone. c) ADH. d) glucocorticoids. e) epinephrine.
glucocorticoids
Glucagon promotes the transformation of: a. fatty acids --> fats b. fats --> steroids c. amino acids --> proteins d. proteins --> hormones e. glycogen --> glucose
glycogen --> glucose
The group of hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called a) gonadotropins. b) releasing hormones. c) inhibiting hormones. d) eicosanoids. e) steroids.
gonadotropins
The force of contraction of the left ventricle is: a. greater than that of the right ventricle b. less than that of the right ventricle c. equal to that of the right ventricle d. cannot be measured or compared to that of the right ventricle
greater than that of the right ventricle
Blood velocity is slowest in capillaries because capillaries have the: a. greatest total cross-sectional area b. least pressure c. least total blood flow of any vessel d. filtration pores to control velocity
greatest total cross-sectional area
The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is a) ACTH. b) MSH. c) prolactin. d) insulin. e) growth hormone.
growth hormone
Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates? a) cortisol b) parathyroid hormone c) insulin d) growth hormone e) epinephrine
growth hormone
The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the a) thyroid gland. b) pancreas. c) adrenal glands. d) hypothalamus. e) thymus gland.
hypothalamus
Activation of the renin-angiotensin system would result in all of the following except a) elevated blood pressure. b) increased retention of sodium ions at the kidney. c) increased water retention. d) increased urine production. e) increased blood volume.
increased urine production
In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of ________ membrane permeability to ________ ions. a) increased; sodium b) increased; potassium c) decreased; calcium d) decreased; sodium e) increased; chloride
increased; sodium
The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a) insulin. b) glucagon. c) somatostatin. d) cortisol. e) peptide P.
insulin
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is a) cortisol. b) somatotropin. c) insulin. d) glucagon. e) aldosterone.
insulin
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is a) somatotropin. b) cortisol. c) insulin. d) glucagon. e) erythropoietin
insulin
decrease in blood sugar level
insulin
When blood glucose levels rise, a) insulin is released. b) glucagon is released. c) peripheral cells take up less glucose. d) protein synthesis decreases. e) peripheral cells break down glycogen.
insulin is released
The ________ separate(s) the two ventricles. a. interventricular septum b. foramen ovale c. interatrial septum d. atrioventricular valves e. moderator band
interventricular septum
During capillary exchange, osmotic pressure is most directly responsible for causing fluid to flow: a. into the tissues b. into the capillaries c. equally into and out of the capillaries d. osmotic pressure does not influence fluid movement
into the capillaries
In which direction would fluid move between the interstitial fluid (fluid around cells) and the capillary at the venule end of the capillary? a. into the capillary b. out of the capillary c. due to the combined effect of osmotic and blood pressure, fluid would not move in either direction at the vein end of the capillary
into the capillary
Thyroxine and triiodothyronine both contain a) fluorine. b) chlorine. c) iron. d) iodine. e) zinc.
iodine
Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the a. right ventricle. b. right atrium. c. left atrium. d. left ventricle.
left atrium
Blood is supplied to the left atrium by the a) brachiocephalic artery. b) right coronary artery. c) left coronary artery. d) phrenic arteries. e) pulmonary arteries.
left coronary artery
The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the a) right coronary artery. b) left coronary artery. c) interventricular artery. d) coronary sinus. e) aorta.
left coronary artery
The condition known as goiter can result from too a) much insulin. b) little TSH. c) much ACTH. d) little iodine in the diet. e) little glucagon.
little iodine in the diet
Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin? a) glycosuria b) ketoacidosis c) high blood glucose d) low blood glucose e) polyuria
low blood glucose
The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the a. heart. b. intestines. c. liver. d. lungs. e. brain.
lungs
Pineal gland produces a) MSH. b) FSH. c) LH. d) melanin. e) melatonin.
melatonin
During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is a) decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles and skin. b) decreased mental alertness. c) mobilization of energy reserves. d) increased urine release. e) decreased rate of respiration.
mobilization of energy reserves
The muscle layer of the heart is the a. visceral pericardium. b. myocardium. c. epicardium. d. parietal pericardium. e. endocardium.
myocardium
The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the a) hypothalamus. b) infundibulum. c) median eminence. d) adenohypophysis. e) neurohypophysis.
neurohypophysis
Ventricular diastole: a. is the period of ventricular relaxation b. occurs immediately after the first heart sound (Lub) c. is the period corresponding to ventricular filling d. only A and C are correct e. none of the above
only A and C are correct
When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then a) close. b) open. c) make the third heart sound. d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.
open
Which hormone(s) may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery? a) oxytocin. b) prolactin. c) luteinizing hormone. d) oxytocin and luteinizing hormone.
oxytocin
Choose the correct sequence of endocrine gland, hormone secreted, and target tissue or organ: a. adrenal cortex --> epinephrine --> liver b. pancreas --> glucagon --> liver and muscle c. small intestine --> secretin --> gallbladder d. parathyroid --> PTH --> liver
pancreas --> glucagon --> liver and muscle
Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased a) cardiac output. b) peripheral resistance. c) blood volume. d) parasympathetic activity. e) force of cardiac contraction.
parasympathetic activity
Which of the following does not exert control over endocrine glands? anterior pituitary hypothalamus parathyroid ovary
parathyroid
Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. Removal of which glands caused this response, and which hormone was deficient? a) thyroid glands; calcitonin b) parathyroid glands; calcitonin c) parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone d) thyroid glands; levothyroxine e) parathyroid glands; levothyroxine
parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone
Which hormone does the opposite of calcitonin? a) insulin. b) glucagon. c) growth hormone. d) parathyroid hormone. e) thyroid hormone.
parathyroid hormone
increase in blood calcium level
parathyroid hormone
When one hormone is needed for a second hormone to produce an effect, it is called a) agonistic. b) antagonistic. c) synergistic. d) permissive.
permissive
Melatonin is produced by the a) thymus. b) pineal gland. c) kidneys. d) skin. e) heart.
pineal gland
Chemically, different hormones are composed of: a. amino acids, fats, and polysaccharides b. steroids, polysaccharides, and amino acids c. amino acids, polypeptides, and endocrine enzymes d. polypeptides, peptides, steroids, and amino acids
polypeptides, peptides, steroids, and amino acids
The term used to describe excess production of urine is a) polyuria. b) polydipsia. c) hematuria. d) glycosuria. e) None of the answers is correct.
polyuria
As blood travels from arteries to veins, a. pressure builds. b. pressure drops. c. viscosity increases. d. diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller. e. flow becomes turbulent.
pressure drops
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): a. causes large quantities of water to be released into the urine b. prevents body fluids from becoming too concentrated with salts c. prevents electrolytes from passing into the urine d. causes tissue cells in the region of the kidney to shrink
prevents body fluids from becoming too concentrated with salts
TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones. a) inhibition b) production c) release d) inhibition and production e) production and release
production and release
PRL is to ________ as ACTH is to ________. a) prolactin; corticotropin b) oxytocin; mammotropin c) gonadotropin; mammotropin d) oxytocin; cortisol
prolactin; corticotropin
As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk. a. pulmonary veins b. aortic semilunar valve c. pulmonary semilunar valve d. inferior vena cava e. superior vena cava
pulmonary semilunar valve
Which of the following returns blood to the left atrium? a. aorta b. pulmonary artery c. coronary sinus d. pulmonary vein
pulmonary vein
The right atrium is related to the venae cavae as the left atrium is related to the: a. pulmonary veins b. aorta c. pulmonary artery d. coronary sinus
pulmonary veins
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure. a. circulatory b. critical closing c. mean arterial d. pulse e. systemic blood
pulse
Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except that it a) has a thicker wall. b) is round in cross section. c) pumps a greater volume. d) contracts harder. e) produces about four to six times more pressure when it contracts.
pumps a greater volume
If a patient's tricuspid valve was leaking during systole, what would happen? a) regurgitation into the right atrium b) regurgitation into the superior vena cava c) regurgitation into the left atrium d) regurgitation into the aorta
regurgitation into the right atrium
During the T wave of the electrocardiogram, the ventricles are a) depolarizing. b) repolarizing.
repolarizing
If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). a) alarm b) resistance c) exhaustion d) extension
resistance
The consistent pattern of hormonal and physiological responses to stresses of different kinds called general adaptation syndrome has all the following phases except a) exhaustion. b) resistance. c) restorative. d) alarm.
restorative
The right ventricle pumps blood to the a) right and left lungs. b) left ventricle. c) left atrium. d) aorta. e) right atrium.
right and left lungs
Where is the 'pacemaker' of the heart located? a. right ventricle b. right atrium c. left atrium d. interventricular septum
right atrium
The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the a) aorta. b) pulmonary trunk. c) pulmonary veins. d) right ventricle. e) left atrium.
right ventricle
Which structure most directly pumps blood to the lungs? a. right atrium b. right ventricle c. left atrium d. left ventricle
right ventricle
The pressure within the large arteries of the systemic circulation: a. falls if the diameter of the arterioles is reduced b. is often below normal values in Americans because of fatty deposits on the inside of their arterioles c. rises if the cardiac output is increased d. falls during the ejection (systolic) phase of the cardiac cycle
rises if the cardiac output is increased
When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the a) hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm. b) cell membrane becomes depolarized. c) second messenger is activated in the cytoplasm. d) cell becomes inactive. e) hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of DNA.
second messenger is activated in the cytoplasm
The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by a) direct neural stimulation. b) indirect osmotic control. c) secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system. d) altering ion concentrations and pH in the anterior pituitary. e) gap synaptic junctions.
secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.
Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time. a) only one b) one or two c) two d) several
several
Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called a) gonadotrophins. b) prostaglandins. c) hepatic hormones. d) somatomedins. e) glucocorticoids.
somatomedins
Receptors for all of the following hormones are found in the cell membranes of target cells except a) amino acid derivatives. b) peptide hormones. c) steroid hormones. d) eicosanoids.
steroid hormones
Analysis of the electrocardiogram can reveal all of the following except the a) heart rate. b) stroke volume. c) condition of the conducting system. d) duration of the ventricular action potential.
stroke volume
Two hormones that have additive effects are called a) agonists. b) antagonists. c) synergists. d) co-factors. e) permissive.
synergists
Flow out of the ventricle stops at the end of: a. the first heart sound b. diastole c. systole d. a gap junction
systole
If the growth hormone secretion is deficient in a growing child: a. acromegaly would develop b. the child would be a dwarf but have fairly normal body proportions c. the child would mature sexually at an earlier than normal age d. cretinism would result
the child would be a dwarf but have fairly normal body proportions
Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except a) the length of a blood vessel. b) the osmolarity of interstitial fluids. c) blood vessel diameter. d) blood viscosity.
the osmolarity of interstitial fluids
Water and dissolved substances are absorbed into capillaries at their venous end because: a. a high tissue fluid pressure forces water out of tissue spaces and into the venules. b. the osmotic pressure of plasma proteins attract water through capillary membranes. c. the walls of venules are more permeable than walls of blood capillaries. d. the venules have a high filtration pressure.
the osmotic pressure of plasma proteins attract water through capillary membranes.
A lack of dietary iodine will most likely effect hormone production in the: a. parathyroid glands b. adrenal cortex c. pancreas d. thyroid gland
thyroid gland
Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the a) kidneys. b) heart. c) thyroid gland. d) gonads. e) pituitary gland.
thyroid gland
The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is a) somatotropin. b) thyroxine. c) calcitonin. d) parathyroid hormone. e) glucagon.
thyroxine
Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles are called a) fossa ovalis. b) ligamentum arteriosum. c) pectinate muscles. d) trabeculae carneae.
trabeculae carneae
Of the following, the one that is the most important function of the circulatory system is: a. adding metabolic wastes b. transport of enzymes c. storage of fat d. transport of nutrients and oxygen
transport of nutrients and oxygen
Which of the following refers to a decrease in vessel diameter due to smooth muscle contraction? a) venoconstriction. b) venodilation. c) vasoconstriction. d) vasodilation. e) None of the answers is correct.
vasoconstriction
Blood pressure is lowest in the a) arteries. b) arterioles. c) capillaries. d) venules. e) veins.
veins
The amount of blood returning to the heart is the a) stroke volume. b) venous return. c) end-diastolic volume. d) afterload.
venous return
During which phase of the cardiac cycle is the bicuspid valve closed and the aortic valve open? a. ventricular ejection (ventricular systole) b. early diastolic filling phase c. atrial systole d. late diastolic filling phase
ventricular ejection (ventricular systole)
On an electrocardiogram, what mechanical event directly follows the T wave? a. ventricular contraction b. ventricular relaxation c. atrial relaxation d. atrial contraction
ventricular relaxation
When will blood pressure be greater? a. when the peripheral vessels dilate b. when the peripheral vessels constrict
when the peripheral vessels constrict
The target tissue for a hormone is: a. where the hormone is produced b. where the hormone is released after it is produced c. where a hormone has its effect d. where the hormone is stored until it is released
where a hormone has its effect
Shelly has a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal gland. The tumor is causing her to have a deep voice, grow extensive body hair, and stop menstruating. This tumor probably involves cells of the a) zona glomerulosa. b) zona fasciculata. c) zona reticularis. d) adrenal medulla. e) pars intermedia.
zona reticularis
