Bio 151 chapter 14

The normal virulent form of Streptococcus pneumoniae is known as the S form because it forms _______colonies on solid media.

smooth

Griffith's experiments were important because they showed

that the genetic material could be passed from one cell to another

In nucleic acids, the prime symbol is used to indicate

the carbon in a sugar rather than the atoms in the bases attached to the sugars

Griffith performed experiments, which demonstrated

transformation in bacteria

bacteriophages (phages)

viruses that infect bacteria

Viruses

Pieces of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat

Viruses that infect bacteria are known as

bacteriophages

Nucleotides contain a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous _____

base

virulent strains

capable of causing disease; s form

Genes, which contain trait specifying information, are located on

chromosomes

In which of the following chromosomal entities are an individual's traits specified?

genes

A bacterial virus replicates by

introducing its genetic material into the host cell

The primary reason the bacteriophage was an ideal model system for the Hershey Chase experiments was

its only made of protein and DNA

Of the following choices, which type of Streptococcus pneumoniae would lead to death if injected into a mouse?

live smooth

nonvirulent

not capable of causing disease; r form (lacks enzyme)

What labels DNA?

p isotope

Transformation

process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria

Chromosomes are primarily composed of DNA and ____

protein

In trying to discover the substance responsible for transformation, Avery, MacLeod and McCarty removed ___________ from their preparation and found that the transforming activity persisted.

protein

The purpose of the Hershey Chase experiments was to determine whether a bacteriophage injected ______ or ______ into bacteria.

protein DNA

Which enzymes did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty use in order to identify the genetic material?

protein digesting enzymes DNA digesting enzymes RNA digesting enzymes

A chromosome is primarily composed of (chose all that apply)

proteins DNA

The results of the Hershey and Chase experiments suggested that DNA was the genetic material because

radioactive bacteriophage DNA was found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells

what labels proteins

s isotope

A bacteriophage contains (choose all that apply)

-protein coat -genetic material

A phage is a type of ________that infects ________cells.

-virus -bacteria

Which of the following types of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria did Griffith inject into mice?

-smooth -rough -live -heat killed

Select all of the following that are components of a nucleotide.

-nitrogenous base -sugar -phophate group

Choose all characteristics of the transforming substance isolated by Avery, MacLeod and McCarty.

-DNA-digesting enzymes destroyed its transforming ability. -The elemental composition of the substance was very similar to that of DNA. -RNA-digesting enzymes did not affect its transforming ability. -Protein-digesting enzymes did not affect its transforming ability.

In DNA, consecutive nucleotides are linked via ___________ , Correct Unavailable bonds, which are made between the 5' phosphate of one nucleotide and the 3' _________ group of another nucleotide.

1. phosphodiester 2. hydroxyl

Place the steps of the experiment that Hershey and Chase performed to demonstrate that DNA was the genetic material of bacteriophages in the correct order.

1.bacteriophages were grown on media containing radioactive materials 2. bacteriophages were allowed to infect bacteria 3. a blender was used to remove bacteriophages from cell surfaces 4.the sample was centrifuged 5. radioactivity measured

In the Hershey Chase experiments, the isotope 35S was used to label ______and the isotope 32P was used to label_____

1/protein 2.DNA

In addition to Griffith, these individuals also studied bacterial transformation.

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

Fredrick Griffith

British bacteriologist provided the first clues in determining the function of DNA

In their experiments, Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty isolated a substance, which had a transforming activity. Which of the following destroyed that substance's ability to transform bacterial cells?

DNA-digesting enzymes

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

Determined that genetic DNA, not protein, was the genetic material using experiments about bacteriophages

Oswald Avery

Discovered that the nucleic acid in DNA stores and transmits genetic information from one generation of bacteria to the next.

The appearance of colonies of Streptococcus pneumoniae is related to the presence or absence of_________

a polysaccharide coat