Bio 182 Hw #4

760

"At sea level, atmospheric pressure is about _______ mm mercury."

300 mm Hg.

"If a planet were discovered where the barometric pressure was 2,000 mm Hg and the air was 15 percent O2, the partial pressure of its O2 at sea level would be"

pulmonary ventilation

Air moving in and out of the lungs is called:

the rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing the lung volume

Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because _____.

182 mm Hg

At an atmospheric pressure of 870 mm Hg, what is the contribution of oxygen?

80 mm Hg

At the summit of a high mountain, the atmospheric pressure is 380 mm Hg. If the atmosphere is still composed of 21percent oxygen, then the partial pressure of oxygen at this altitude is about _____.

carbon dioxide

Breathing allows the body to take in oxygen to support the production of energy, and also eliminate _________________, which is one of the waste byproducts of cell respiration.

Alveolus

Choose the physiological structure that constitutes the site of gas exchange in the lungs.

air is less viscous than water

Gas exchange can take place easier in air than in water because _______________.

It is the movement of water or air past a respiratory surface.

How would you describe the process of ventilation?

the partial pressure of O2 is lower

I know that if I decide to climb at the top of Mount Everest, I will have difficalty breathing because __________________ than at sea level.

350

If you have a gas that is 35% X and 1000 mm Hg. What is the partial pressure of X?

partial pressure

In the equation that describes the Fick's law of diffusion, the term P refers to the [A] gradient."

of an enormous surface area for gas exchange

Mammals have the ability to maximize their rate of gas exchange because ___________________________.

Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide down their partial pressure gradients.

Moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the blood depends directly upon:

A.) ventilates B.) perfuses

My respiratory system (ventilates or perfuses) [A] the side of the gas exchange surface associated with the envirorment, while my circulatory systems (ventilates or perfuses) [B] the surface not associated with the enviroment.

Transport of oxygen

One of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system - which one is it?

D

The equation describing the Fick's law includes various factors that can determine the rate of the diffusion of gases across biological membranes. Diffusion rate = D × A × (P2 - P1)/L. When thinking about natural selection the species, which factor may have played the least role?

the higher pressure of oxygen causes the lung surface to extract oxygen and give up carbon dioxide

Use the following information to answer the next questions. Atmospheric pressure at sea level is equal to a column of 760 mm Hg. Oxygen makes up 21% of the atmosphere by volume. If the partial pressure of CO2 at sea level is approximately 0.23 mm Hg, how does this influence gas exchange in terrestrial animals?

Volume

When thinking about the Fick equation, which of the following parameters does NOT have a role when oxygen diffuses across a membrane?

The rate is negatively related to the distance.

Which of the following is true with respect to the role of the distance between locations in determining the rate that a gas diffuses between two locations in living animals?

five membranes: in and out of the cell lining the lung, in and out of the endothelial cell lining an alveolar capillary, and into the red blood cell that contains the hemoglobin

Which of the following will an atmospheric molecule of oxygen need to cross to ultimately bind to the hemoglobin in mammals?