Bio 197 - Exam 2
What is NOT a method of seed dispersal? A) Wind B) Animals C) Water D) Plant dispersal (flinging or dropping) E) Flagella
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Retaining the zygotic sporophyte on the living gametophyte of land plants ____. A) Allows it to be nourished by the parent plant B) Helps in dispersal of the zygote C) Protects the zygote from predators D) Evolved concurrently with pollen
A) Allows it to be nourished by the parent plant
Similar to most amoebozoans, the forams and the radiolarians also have pseudopods, as do some of the white blood cells of animals (monocytes). If one were to erect a taxon that included all organisms that have cells with pseudopods, what would be true of such a taxon? A) Be polyphyletic B) Include all eukaryotes C) Be paraphyletic D) Be monophyletic
A) Be polyphyletic
A P. bursaria cell that has lost its zoochlorellae is aposymbiotic. If aposymbiotic cells have population growth rates the same as those of healthy, zoochlorella-containing P. bursaria in well-lit environments with plenty of prey items, then such an observation would be consistent with which type of relationship? A) Commensalistic B) Mututalistic C) Parasitic D) Toxic
A) Commensalistic
Bowden showed that the presence of moss reduced nitrogen loss from soil. Which of the following questions would be the best follow-up study? A) Do new species colonize areas with moss more rapidly or more slowly than areas without moss? B) Do new species colonize areas with added iron more rapidly or more slowly than areas without added iron? C) Do new species colonize areas with added phosphorus more rapidly or more slowly than areas without added phosphorus? D) Do new species colonize areas with a pH of 3 more rapidly or more slowly than areas with a pH of 7?
A) Do new species colonize areas with moss more rapidly or more slowly than areas without moss?
The cockleburr is a A) Fruit B) Vegetable C) Grain D) animal dispersed pollen
A) Fruit
Which of following ions play the primary role in basic transport processes in plant cells? A) H+ B) Ca+2 C) K+ D) Na+
A) H+
An individual mixotroph loses its plastids, yet continues to survive. Which of the following most likely accounts for its continued survival? A) It engulfs organic material by phagocytosis or by absorption. B) It relies on photosystems that float freely in its cytosol. C) It has an endospore. D) It must have gained extra mitochondria when it lost its plastids.
A) It engulfs organic material by phagocytosis or by absorption.
The mitosome of Giardia has no DNA within it. If it did contain DNA, then what predictions should we be able to make about its DNA? A) It is circular, has few introns, and is not associated with histone proteins. B) It is linear, has few introns, and is complexed with histone proteins. C) It is circular, has many introns, and is complexed with histone proteins. D) It is linear, has many introns, and is not associated with histone proteins.
A) It is circular, has few introns, and is not associated with histone proteins.
According to the endosymbiotic theory, why was it adaptive for the larger (host) cell to keep the engulfed cell alive, rather than digesting it as food? A) The engulfed cell provided the host cell with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) B) The engulfed cell allowed the host cell to metabolize glucose. C) The engulfed cell provided the host cell with carbon dioxide D) The host cell was able to survive anaerobic conditions with the engulfed cell alive
A) The engulfed cell provided the host cell with adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
What adaptations should one expect of the seed coats of angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by frugivorous (fruit-eating) animals, as opposed to angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by other means? A) The seed coat should be able to withstand high acidity, and the seed coat should be resistant to the animalʹs digestive enzymes. B) The seed coat should contain secondary compounds that irritate the lining of the animalʹs mouth, and the seed coat should be able to withstand high acidity. C) The exterior of the seed coat should have barbs or hooks, and the seed coat should contain secondary compounds that irritate the lining of the animalʹs mouth. D) The seed coat, upon its complete digestion, should provide vitamins or nutrients to animals.
A) The seed coat should be able to withstand high acidity, and the seed coat should be resistant to the animalʹs digestive enzymes.
Many parasitic members of the excavates lack plastids and have highly reduced mitochondria. Which of the following statements explains these observations? A) These parasites live in dark, low-oxygen conditions and therefore loss of genes for plastids and mitochondria did not result in lower fitness. B) These parasites live in dark, low-oxygen conditions, and therefore it was adaptive to move all plastid and mitochondrial genes to the nucleus. C) In the future, natural selection will favor descendants that acquire new plastid genes from todayʹs prokaryotes. D) The original, eukaryotic ancestors of these parasites did not engulf prokaryotes.
A) These parasites live in dark, low-oxygen conditions and therefore loss of genes for plastids and mitochondria did not result in lower fitness.
The following diagram is of a cross section of a plant leaf. Use the diagram to answer the question. The main function associated with structure Y is ________. A) absorption of carbon dioxide B) retention of water C) release of carbon dioxide D) collection of light
A) absorption of carbon dioxide
Robbie and Saurab are pre-med and pre-pharmacy students, respectively. They complain to their biology professor that they should not have to study plants because plants have little relevance to their chosen professions. Which adaptations of land plants are likely to cause human health problems and provide Robbie with future patients? A) defenses against herbivory and adaptations related to wind dispersal of pollen B) sporophyte dominance and adaptations related to wind dispersal of pollen C) sporophyte dominance, defenses against herbivory, and adaptations related to wind dispersal of pollen D) sporophyte dominance and defenses against herbivory
A) defenses against herbivory and adaptations related to wind dispersal of pollen
Compared to a cell with few aquaporins in its membrane, a cell containing many aquaporins will A) have a faster rate of osmosis. B) have a lower water potential. C) have a higher water potential. D) have a faster rate of active transport. E) be flaccid.
A) have a faster rate of osmosis.
Stamens, sepals, petals, carpels, and pinecone scales are all _____. A) modified leaves B) found on flowers C) female reproductive parts D) capable of photosynthesis
A) modified leaves
Apical meristems ________. A) occur in both roots and shoots of plants B) occur only in shoots of plants C) occur only in roots of plants D) allow plants to move from one place to another
A) occur in both roots and shoots of plants
Refer to the paragraph on scarlet gilia. Some plants changed their flowers to lighter colors, and some retained the same darker color all season. Which plants do you expect produced more fruit? A) those that changed their color to a lighter shade B) those that stayed darker C) the same numbers of fruit on both
A) those that changed their color to a lighter shade
The symplastic route can transport _______. A) viruses, sugars, and mRNA B) mitochondria, mRNA, and viruses C) sugars, mRNA, and mitochondria D) mRNA, mitochondria, and proteins
A) viruses, sugars, and mRNA
What evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from water to land? A) waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves B) loss of structures that produce spores C) sporopollenin to inhibit evaporation from leaves D) remnants of chloroplasts from photosynthesizing cells
A) waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves
Which two genera have members that can evade the human immune system by frequently changing their surface proteins? 1. Plasmodium 2. Trichomonas 3. Paramecium 4. Trypanosoma 5. Entamoeba A) 1 and 2 B) 1 and 4 C) 2 and 3 D) 2 and 4 E) 4 and 5
B) 1 and 4
Theoretically, P.bursaria can obtain zoochlorella either vertically (via the asexual reproduction of its mother cell) or horizontally (by ingesting free-living Chlorella from its habitat). Consider a P. bursaria cell containing zoochlorellae, but whose habitat lacks free-living Chlorella. If this cell subsequently undergoes many generations of asexual reproduction, if all of its daughter cells contain roughly the same number of zoochlorellae as it had originally contained, and if the zoochlorellae are all haploid and identical in appearance, then what is true? The zoochloreallae _______. A) Also reproduced asexually, at a decreasing rate over time B) Also reproduced asexually, at a fairly constant rate over time C) Also reproduced asexually, at an increasing rate over time D) Reproduced sexually, undergoing heteromorphic alternation of generations
B) Also reproduced asexually, at a fairly constant rate over time
The chloroplasts of land plants are thought to have been derived according to which evolutionary sequence? A) Red algae ---> brown algae --> green algae --> land plants B) Cyanobacteria ----> green algae ---> land plants C) Cyanobacteria ---> red algae ---> green algae ---> land plants D) Cyanobacteria ---> green algae ---> fungi ---> land plants
B) Cyanobacteria ----> green algae ---> land plants
The cysts of Giardia function most like the _______. A) Capsids of viruses B) Endospores of bacteria C) Nuclei of archaeans D) Mitochondria of ancestral diplomonads
B) Endospores of bacteria
Previously understood similarities that seemed to connect slime molds and fungi are now considered to be _____. A) Variations of common ancestral traits B) Examples of convergent evolution C) Homologies D) adaptation for much different functions
B) Examples of convergent evolution
The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably _______. A) Photosynthesize prokaryotes (cyanobacteria) B) Green algae C) liverworts and mosses D) kelp (brow alga) that formed large beds near the shorelines
B) Green algae
Many mammals have skins and mucous membranes that are sensitive to phenolic secretions of plants like poison oak (Rhus). These secondary compounds are primarily adaptations that ____________. A) Foster seed dispersal B) Inhibit herbivory C) Favor pollination D) Decrease competition
B) Inhibit herbivory
The genome of modern chloroplasts is roughly 50% the size of the genome of the cyanobacterium from which it is thought to have been derived. In comparison, the genome of P. chromatophora's chromatophore is only slightly reduced relative to the size of the genome of the cyanobacterium from which it is thought to have been derived.What is a valid hypothesis that can be drawn from this comparison? A) Lytic phage infections have targeted the chloroplast genome more often than the P. chromatophora genome. B) P. chromatophora's chromatophore is the result of an evolutionarily recent endosymbiosis. C) The genome of the chloroplast ancestor contained many more introns that could be lost without harm, compared to the chromatophore's genome. D) The genome of the cyanobacteria was smaller than the genome of P. chromatophora
B) P. chromatophora's chromatophore is the result of an evolutionarily recent endosymbiosis.
Dinoflagellates are grouped together because they ______. A) Lack mitochondria B) Possess two flagella C) Are all autotrophic D) Include species that cause malaria
B) Possess two flagella
Which of the following statements about the zygote of plants is most likely to be accurate? A) Zygotes in plants are more independent of parental tissue than are algal zygotes. B) Protection of the zygote from the drying effects of air was important. C) Protection of the zygote from competitors for light was more important in air than in water. D) Zygotes in plants are more likely to germinate quickly after release from the parent plant than are zygotes released from algal organisms.
B) Protection of the zygote from the drying effects of air was important.
The main source of water necessary for photosynthesis to occur in the leaf mesophyll is ____. A) The atmosphere through the cuticle and stomata B) Soil via the xylem C) soil via the phloem D) all of the listed responses
B) Soil via the xylem
Spores and seeds have basically the same function-dispersal-but are vastly different because _____. A) Spores have a protective outer covering; seeds do not B) Spores require moist environments; seeds do not C) Spores have an embryo; seeds do not D) Spores have stored nutrition; seeds do not
B) Spores require moist environments; seeds do not
Why have biologists hypothesized that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth habit? A) Land animals of that period were small and could not pollinate tall plants. B) The ancestors of land plants, green algae, lacked the structural support to stand erect in air. C) There was less competition for space, so they simply spread out flat. D) They were tied to the water for reproduction, thus needing to remain in close contact with the moist soil.
B) The ancestors of land plants, green algae, lacked the structural support to stand erect in air.
One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that ___. A) only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem B) a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots C) root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not D) leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not E) vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves
B) a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots
Plants do not have a circulatory system like that of some animals. If a water molecule did "circulate" (that is, go from one point in a plant to another and back in the same day), it would require the activity of A) Only the phloem B) Both the xylem and the phloem C) Only the endodermis D) Only the xylem
B) both the xylem and the phloem
Which of the following primarily enters a plant somewhere other than through the roots? A) potassium B) carbon dioxide C) water D) nitrogen
B) carbon dioxide
The water lost during transpiration is a side effect of the plant's exchange of gases. However, the plant derives some benefit from this water loss in the form of A) Increased turgor and increased growth B) Evaporative cooling and mineral transport C) Mineral transport and increased growth D) Evaporative cooling and increased turgor
B) evaporative cooling and mineral transport
Given that early land plants most likely share a common ancestor with green algae, the earliest land plants were most likely ________. A) vascular plants with well-defined root systems B) nonvascular plants that grew leafless, photosynthetic shoots C) species that did not exhibit alternation of generations D) plants with well-developed leaves
B) nonvascular plants that grew leafless, photosynthetic shoots
Given that early land plants most likely share a common ancestor with green algae, the earliest land plants were most likely ________. A) vascular plants with well-defined root systems B) nonvascular plants that grew leafless, photosynthetic shoots C) species that did not exhibit alternation of generations D) plants with well-developed leaves
B) nonvascular plants that grew leafless, photosynthetic shoots
Which of these events, based on plant fossils, came last (most recently)? A) carboniferous swamps which resulted in peat moss B) rise and diversification of angiosperms C) colonization of land by early liverworts and mosses D) extensive growth of gymnosperm forests
B) rise and diversification of angiosperms
Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil? A) storage roots B) root hairs C) the thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem D) root cap
B) root hairs
The agouti is most directly involved with the Brazil nut tree's dispersal of _____. A) female gametophytes B) sporophyte embryos C) sporophyte megaspores D) female gametes
B) sporophyte embryos
Moss sporophytes are typically green when young, but turn brown when ready to release their spores. This observation would lead you to think that the _____. A) cuticle rubs off of older sporophytes and exposes the color that is underneath B) sporophyte photosynthesizes when young and contributes energy for spore production C) gametophyte cannot photosynthesize D) sporophyte photosynthesizes at all ages - it just uses different wavelengths for photosynthesis at different ages
B) sporophyte photosynthesizes when young and contributes energy for spore production
Onion leaves have been modified for the purpose of ____. A) support B) storage C) reproduction D) defense (protect from predators)
B) storage
The presence of vascular tissue allowed plants to ________. A) absorb nutrients from the soil and form a symbiosis with fungi B) transport nutrients and water from below-ground tissues to above-ground tissues and grow taller C) release toxins into the soil that reduced competition with other plants by poisoning nearby plants D) transport nutrients and water from below-ground tissues and use them to protect developing embryos
B) transport nutrients and water from below-ground tissues to above-ground tissues and grow taller
In a meristematic region, the cell plate during mitosis is perpendicular to the side of the stem. In what direction will the stem grow? A) at a 45-degree angle from the ground B) vertically in height C) laterally in width D) away from the sun
B) vertically in height
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the zones in the primary growth of a root, moving from the root cap inward? A) zone of cell division, zone of differentiation, zone of elongation B) zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of differentiation C) zone of elongation, zone of cell division, zone of differentiation D) zone of differentiation, zone of elongation, zone of cell division
B) zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of differentiation
Which of the following cell types retains the ability to undergo cell division? A) A tracheid B) A stem fiber C) A parenchyma cell near the root tip D) A functional sieve tube element
C) A parenchyma cell near the root tip
Orchid bees are to Brazil nut trees as ________ are to pine trees. A) Squirrels B) Rain droplets C) Breezes D) Seed-eating birds
C) Breezes
Which of the following statements is true of the pine life cycle? A) The pine tree is a gametophyte. B) Male and female gametophytes are in close proximity during gamete synthesis. C) Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes. D) Double fertilization is a relatively common phenomenon.
C) Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes.
Which process in Paramecium results in genetic recombination but no increase in population size? A) Binary fission B) budding C) Conjugation D) Meiotic division
C) Conjugation
Which of the following was a challenge to the survival of the first land plants? A) Too much sunlight B) Animal predation C) Desiccation D) A shortage of carbon dioxide
C) Desiccation
Which of the following is a producer? A) Apicomplexan B) Ciliates C) Diatom D) Kinetoplastid
C) Diatom
A snail-like, coiled, porous test (shell) of calcium carbonate is characteristic of which group? A) Diatoms B) Ciliates C) Foraminiferans D) Water molds
C) Foraminiferans
A large seaweed that floats freely on the surface of deep bodies of water would be expected to lack which of the following? A) gel-forming polysaccharides B) Thalli C) Holdfasts D) bladders
C) Holdfasts
Which of the following contribute to the surface area available for water absorption from the soil by a plant root system? I) root hairs II) endodermis III) mycorrhizae IV) fibrous arrangement of the roots A) II and III B) I, II, and IV C) I, III, and IV D) I, II, III, and IV
C) I, III, and IV
Where is primary growth occurring in an old tree? A) Nowhere; trees more than a year old have only secondary growth. B) Where the vascular cambium and cork cambium are located C) In young branches where leaves are forming D) Closest to ground level at the base of the tree
C) In young branches where leaves are forming
The fruit of the mistletoe, a parasitic angiosperm, is a one-seeded berry. In members of the genus Viscum, the outside of the seed is viscous (sticky), which permits the seed to adhere to surfaces, such as the branches of host plants or the beaks of birds. What should be expected of the fruit if the viscosity of Viscum seeds is primarily an adaptation for dispersal rather than an adaptation for infecting host plant tissues? A) It should be drab in color. B) It should be colored so as to provide it with camouflage. C) It should be nutritious. D) It should secrete enzymes that can digest bark. E) It should contain chemicals that cause birds to fly to the ground and vomit.
C) It should be nutritious.
Which term best describes the symbiotic relationship of well-fed P. burasaria to their zoochlorellae? A) Pathogenic B) Predatory C) Mutualistic D) Parasitic
C) Mutualistic
A plant developed a mineral deficiency after being treated with a fungicide. What is the most probable cause of the deficiency? A) Active transport of minerals was inhibited. B) Mineral receptor proteins in the plant membrane were not functioning. C) Mycorrhizal fungi were killed. D) The genes for the synthesis of transport proteins were destroyed.
C) Mycorrhizal fungi were killed.
Girdling is a procedure to kill unwanted tress by cutting a groove into the bark of the tree. The groove must completely encircle the trunk and should penetrate into the wood to a depth of at least -inch on small trees, and 1- inches on larger trees. Why does this procedure cause tree death? A) No water can be transported from the roots to the leaves. B) No water can be transported from the leaves to the roots. C) No sugars can be transported from the leaves to the roots. D) Both water and sugars are prevented from being transported.
C) No sugars can be transported from the leaves to the roots.
If the mitosomes of Giardia contain no DNA, yet are descendants of what were once free-living organisms, then where are we likely to find the genes that encode their structures, and what accounts for their current location there? A) Plasmids; transformation B) Nucleus; S phase C) Nucleus; horizontal gene transfer D) Plasmids; conjugation
C) Nucleus; horizontal gene transfer
Entrepreneurs attempted, but failed, to harvest nuts from plantations grown in Southeast Asia. Attempts to grow Brazil nut trees in South American plantations also failed. In both cases, the trees grew vigorously, produced healthy flowers in profusion, but set no fruit. Consequently, what is the likely source of the problem? A) Failure to produce fertile ovules B) Poor sporophyte is viability C) Pollination failure D) Failure to produce pollen
C) Pollination failure
Refer to the paragraph on scarlet gilia. Late in the season, when only hawk moths were present, researchers painted the red flowers white. What would you expect? A) Red and white flowers would produce the same numbers of fruits. B) Red flowers would produce more fruits than white flowers would. C) Red flowers painted white would produce more fruits than red flowers would. D) No flowers would produce fruit, moths hate paint
C) Red flowers painted white would produce more fruits than red flowers would.
What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree? A) Primary xylem B) Vascular cambium C) Secondary xylem D) Secondary phloem
C) Secondary xylem
Which structure is correctly paired with its tissue system? A) Companion cell -ground tissue B) Root hair -- vascular tissue C) Tracheid - vascular tissue D) Guard cell -- vascular tissue
C) Tracheid - vascular tissue
Green algae differs from land plants in that many green algae A) have plastids B) have cell walls containing cellulose C) are unicellular D) have alternation of generation
C) are unicellular
If you walk through an area with mosses and ferns, you are seeing ________. A) both nonvascular and seed-bearing plants B) only vascular plants C) both sporophyte and gametophyte generations D) both seedless and seed-bearing plants
C) both sporophyte and gametophyte generations
The advantages of seeds, compared to spores, include _____. A) providing nutrition for animals B) using wind as a dispersal agent C) containing a nutrient store for a developing sporophyte D) relying on animals for pollination
C) containing a nutrient store for a developing sporophyte
Some of the largest leaves in the world can be found on plants near the forest floor of dense tropical rain forests. Which of the following precursors for photosynthesis is most likely limited in these large leaves? A) glucose B) carbon dioxide C) light D) oxygen
C) light
Which of the following sex and generation combinations directly produces the pollen tube of anigosperms? A) female sporophyte B) female gametophyte C) male gametophyte D) male sporophyte
C) male gametophyte
Which set contains the most closely related terms? A) megasporangium, megaspore, pollen, ovule B) microsporangium, microspore, egg, ovary C) megasporangium, megaspore, egg, ovule D) microsporangium, microspore, carpel, ovary
C) megasporangium, megaspore, egg, ovule
Encouraging the growth (via nutrient fertilization) of photosynthetic protists in marine environments may help reduce global warming because _____. A) photosynthetic protists would release a lot of oxygen, and fertilizing them would increase levels of oxygen in the atmosphere B) the increased oxygen consumption by large populations of photosynthetic protists will increase photosynthesis in land plants C) photosynthetic protists fix atmospheric carbon dioxide, decreasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels D) photosynthetic protists are primary consumers in many marine food chains
C) photosynthetic protists fix atmospheric carbon dioxide, decreasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels
In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics is unique to the seed-producing plants? A) megaphylls B) lignin present in cell walls C) pollen D) sporopollenin
C) pollen
Trichomes _____. A) absorb sunlight, increasing the temperature of leaves B) open and close for gas exchange C) repel or trap insects D) increase water loss from leaves
C) repel or trap insects
Which of these are spore-producing structures? A) antheridium of a moss or fern B) gametophyte of a moss C) sporophyte (capsule) of a moss D) archegonium of a moss or fern
C) sporophyte (capsule) of a moss
Photosynthesis ceases when leaves wilt, mainly because A) Flaccid mesophyll cells are incapable of photosynthesis B) Accumulation of carbon dioxide in the leaf inhibits enzymes C) Stomata close, preventing carbon dioxide from entering the leaf D) The chlorphyll in wilting leaves is degraded
C) stomata close, preventing CO2 from entering the leaf.
Which of these is a major trend in land plant evolution? A) the trend toward larger gametophytes B) the trend toward smaller size C) the trend toward a sporphyte-dominated life cycle D) the trend toward a gametophyte-dominated life cycle
C) the trend toward a sporphyte-dominated life cycle
Which of the following are the water-conducting cells of xylem, have thick walls, and are dead at functional Maturity? A) sieve-tube elements B) collenchyma cells C) tracheids and vessel elements D) parenchyma cells
C) tracheids and vessel elements
Loss of water from the aerial parts of plants is called A) Respiration B) Gas exchange C) Transpiration D) Dehydration
C) transpiration
A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant? A) herbaceous monocot B) woody monocot C) woody eudicot D) herbaceous eudicot
C) woody eudicot
A P. bursaria cell that has lost its zoochlorellae is said to be aposymbiotic. It might be able to replenish its contingent of zoochlorellae by ingesting them without subsequently digesting them. Which of the following situations would be most favorable to the reestablishment of resident zoochlorellae, assuming compatible Chlorella are present in P. bursaria's habitat? A) No light, no bacterial prey B) No light, abundant bacterial prey C) Abundant light, no bacterial prey D) Abundant light, abundant bacterial prey
D) Abundant light, abundant bacterial prey
The purpose of a fruit is to A) INcrease dispersal of seeds by animals B) Provide energy reserves for seedlings C) Protect seeds from the environment D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Conifers and pines both have needlelike leaves, with the adaptive advantage of _____. A) Decreased surface area, reducing gas exchange B) Increased surface area, increasing photosynthesis C) Increased surface area, increasing gas exchange D) Decreased surface area, reducing water loss
D) Decreased surface area, reducing water loss
All protists are: A) Mixotrophic B) Unicellular C) Symbionts D) Eukaryotic
D) Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella A) Require different sources of energy B) Contain their own DNA C) Have the same evolutionary origin D) Have different structures
D) Have different structures
How are the bryophytes and seedless vascular plants alike? A) Plants in both groups have true roots, stems, and leaves. B) The dominant generation in both groups is the sporophyte. C) Plants in both groups have vascular tissue. D) In both groups, sperm swim from antheridia to archegonia.
D) In both groups, sperm swim from antheridia to archegonia.
Refer to the paragraph on scarlet gilia. What is the significant of measuring fruit production? A) It is an indication of predation on the seeds of the plants. B) It is a measure of seed dispersal success. C) It is a measure of pollination success.It is easier than counting flowers. D) It is a measure of pollination success.
D) It is a measure of pollination success.
What is the primary function of stems? A) Water absorption and movement B) Reproduction C) Facilitation of gas exchange D) Maximization of photosynthesis by leaves
D) Maximization of photosynthesis by leaves
Stomata _________. A) Open to increase both water absorption and gas exchange B) Occur in all land plants and are the same as pores C) Occur in all land plants and define them as monophyletic group D) Open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss
D) Open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss
At some time during their life cycles, byrophytes (mosses) make___. A) True roots B) Microphylls C) True leaves D) Sporangia
D) Sporangia
One day, you go outside and see that the cars on the street are covered in a yellow "dust." Which of the following statements can be correctly applied to this "dust"? A) The dust is the spore production of ferns and is so abundant because the spores are wind-dispersed. B) The dust is the seed production of ferns and is so abundant because the seeds are tiny and take very little energy to produce. C) The dust is the seed production of pines and is so abundant because the seeds are tiny and take very little energy to produce. D) The dust is pine pollen and is so abundant because the pines are wind-pollinated
D) The dust is pine pollen and is so abundant because the pines are wind-pollinated
Immature seed cones of conifers are usually green before pollination, and flowers of grasses are inconspicuously colored. What does this indicate about their pollination? A) Their pollinating insects are probably color blind. B) They probably attract pollinators using strong fragrances. C) They probably self-fertilize and do not need pollen carried from one plant to another. D) They are probably wind pollinated.
D) They are probably wind pollinated.
Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as bryophytes. Besides not having vascular tissue, what do they all have in common? A) They are heterosporous. B) They are all wind pollinated. C) They can reproduce asexually by producing gemmae. D) They require water for reproduction.
D) They require water for reproduction.
The ___ is the most efficient route of water movement in plants, while the ____ is the most selective and slowest A) Transmembrane; symplast B) Symplast apoplast C) Apoplast; symplast D) Apoplast; transmembrane
D) apoplast; transmembrane
Phloem sap can flow ________. A) from sites of sugar production to storage units only B) from leaves to shoots only C) from shoots to leaves only D) both ways between production and storage sites
D) both ways between production and storage sites
Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to A) cell division at the shoot apical meristem. B) cell elongation directly behind the shoot apical meristem. C) cell division localized in each internode. D) cell elongation localized in each internode. E) A and B only
D) cell elongation localized in each internode
Which of the following is NOT functionally important in cells of the gametophytes of both angiosperms and gymnosperms? A) haploid nuclei B) mitochondria C) cell walls D) chloroplasts
D) chloroplasts
A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. Investigation of its anatomy and life cycle shows the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte, and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to ________. A) mosses B) flowering plants C) gymnosperms D) ferns
D) ferns
Some botanists argue that the entire plant should be considered as a single unit rather than a composite of many individual cells. Which of the following cellular structures best supports this view? A) Vacuole B) Cell membrane C) Cell wall D) Plasmodesmata
D) plasmodesmata
Which of the following cells transports sugars over long distances? A) parenchyma cells B) tracheids and vessel elements C) sclerenchyma cells D) sieve-tube elements
D) sieve-tube elements
When an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution and water enters the cell via osmosis, the volume of the cell increases until it bursts. This does not happen to plant cells, because _____. A) they have cell walls, which prevent the entry of water by osmosis B) they have large central vacuoles, which provide abundant space for storage of incoming water C) certain gated channel proteins embedded in their plasma membranes open as osmotic pressure decreases, allowing excess water to leave the cell D) they have cell walls, which provide pressure to counteract the pressure of the incoming water
D) they have cell walls, which provide pressure to counteract the pressure of the incoming water
Growth and development of plant parts involves ________. I) cell division to produce new cells II) enlargement and elongation of cells III) specialization of cells into tissues
I, II, and III
Trichomonas vaginalis is in the Parabasilids clade. These have reduced mitochondria called hydrogenosomes that generate energy without oxygen. Thus, even though Trich is a primitic eukaryote its metabolism is most like ... A) Archae B) Anerobic bacteria C) Aerobic bacteria D) Yeast
The metabolism of T. vaginalis closely resembles that of anaerobic bacteria B) Anerobic bacteria
