Bio 211 exam 2 ch 18 ch 19 ch 22

atelectasis

(lung collapse) - obstructed bronchioles ® alveolar collapse treatment - open bronchioles

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches, subendocardial conducting network

Choose the correct sequence of electrical current flow through the heart wall.

Vibrissae

Which of the following are the hairs within the nasal cavity that filter coarse particles, such as pollen and dust, from inspired air?

It facilitates heart contraction.

Which of the following is NOT a role of the fibrous pericardium?

external ventilation

Which of the following is NOT involved in respiration?

Unlike skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells can be autorhythmic.

Which of the following is a difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood to the heart.

Which of the following is true when comparing arteries and veins?

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Which of the following lists the regions of the pharynx from superior to inferior?

The baby is unable to keep his or her alveoli inflated between breaths because of a lack of surfactant.

Which of the following occurs during infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)?

skin

Which of the following would experience increased blood flow during exercise?

parasympathetic stimulation

Which of the following would lead to a decrease in heart rate?

Rhinitis

__________ is the inflammation of the nasal mucosa accompanied by excessive mucus production, nasal congestion, and postnasal drip.

pneumothorax

air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall. treatment - remove pleural air, w/ chest tube; pleurae heal → lung reinflates

an enlarged ventricle

An enlarged R wave on an ECG would indicate __________.

increasing cardiac output

Blood flow would be increased by __________.

arterioles

Blood flows directly from __________ into capillary beds.

left atrium; pulmonary veins

Blood flows from the lungs to the __________ via the __________.

superior vena cava

Blood from the brain is returned to the heart via the __________.

the amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in one minute

Cardiac output is __________.

multiple heart attacks

Cardiogenic shock is most likely to result from __________

left ventricle and flows directly to the aorta

During systemic circulation, blood leaves the __________.

net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is greater than net osmotic pressure (OP)

Fluids are likely to leave or filter out of the capillary if __________.

left atrium; left ventricle

Freshly oxygenated blood is delivered to the __________, and then it passes into the __________ to be pumped to the body tissues (systemic circuit).

140/90

Hypertension is defined physiologically as a condition of sustained arterial pressure of __________ or higher.

left atrium

Into which chamber of the heart do the pulmonary veins deliver blood?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of the following acts on the kidneys and blood vessels to raise blood pressure

ectopic focus: an abnormal pacemaker

Question 11:Which of the following are correctly paired? ectopic focus: an abnormal pacemaker fibrillation: premature contraction heart block: uncoordinated atrial and ventricular contraction arrhythmia: atrioventricular (AV) node failure

atrial depolarization

The P wave of an electrocardiogram represents __________

chordae tendineae

The __________ are attached to the AV valve flaps.

Alveoli

The __________ are the main site of gas exchange within the lungs.

Epiglottis

The __________ is covered by a mucosa containing taste buds and keeps food out of the lower respiratory passages. glottis

stroma

The __________ is the elastic connective tissue found within the lungs.

GI tract; liver

The hepatic portal system collects blood from the __________ and then routes it to the __________.

right atrium

The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the __________

endocardium

The lining of the heart chambers is called the __________.

left ventricle

The most muscular chamber of the heart is the __________.

SA node

The normal pacemaker of the heart is the __________.

slow down impulses so that the atria can contract to fill the adjacent ventricles with blood

The role of the atrioventricular node (AV node) is to __________.

closure of semilunar valves

The second heart sound (the "dup" of "lub-dup") is caused by the __________.

parietal layer of the serous pericardium

The structure just deep to the fibrous pericardium is the __________.

atria

The superior chambers of the heart are called the __________.

tunica media

The vessel layer that has a direct role in vasoconstriction is the __________.

continuous capillaries

The vessels that exhibit the lowest level of permeability are the __________.

when digesting a meal

When would the capillary beds surrounding the gastrointestinal organs be open?

olfactory mucosa

contains olfactory epithelium, dorsal roof of cavity

pleural effusion

fluids accumulated in pleural cavity

paranasal sinuses

in frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid & maxillary bones lighten skull; secrete mucus; also warm & moisten air

pleurisy

inflammation of pleurae, usu. from pneumonia inflamed pleurae → friction, stabbing pain w/ each breath, as disease progresses, pleurae may produce excessive fluid, ↑ fluid relieves pain from friction, may exert pressure on lungs & hinder breathing

respiratory mucosa

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium cilia move contaminated mucus posteriorly to throat sensory nerve endings here trigger sneezing