BIO 221 Exam 1 Study Guide

A stretch reflex does which of the following? a. Helps to maintain muscles at a constant length b. Protects muscles during contraction c. Is activated in response to a painful stimulus d. Is activated in response to a painful stimulus on the opposite side of the body

Helps to maintain muscles at a constant length

What part of the brain receives sensory stimuli? Premotor area Somatosensory cortex Primary motor cortex Frontal eye field

Somatosensory cortex Sensory stimuli from the skin and proprioceptors travel through a chain of neurons to the somatosensory cortex, which is divided into many areas that are each connected to a specific region of the body to determine where the external stimulus originated.

While removing a cookie sheet from the oven, a baker accidentally touches the side of their hand to the oven rack. Immediately, they drop the cookie sheet as they pull their hand away from the oven. What type of reflex was triggered in this incident? a. Tendon reflex b. Withdrawal reflex c. Stretch reflex d. Crossed-extensor reflex

Withdrawal reflex

Where are taste buds found? a. Within taste receptor cells b. Within papillae c. Within basal epithelial cells d. Within saliva

Within papillae

Sour taste is the perception of _______ concentration. a. Na+ b. Na+ and H+ c. H+ d. glucose

H+

An action potential generated from the primary motor cortex travels through ___ neurons to a muscle for contraction.

2 Rationale: Neurons within the primary motor cortex, frontal lobe, are connected to specific motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles throughout the body. For instance, an action potential generated from the primary motor cortex neuron travels through two neurons to a specific body part to contract the muscles in the body part.

Which of the following best describes the lacrimal duct? a. A structure located in the medial corner of the eye that receives tears and ends in the nasal cavity b. A structure where tears are produced c. The vascular membrane that provides nutrients to the eyeball d. A clear disc where light enters the eye

A structure located in the medial corner of the eye that receives tears and ends in the nasal cavity

are electrical signals that transduce sensory information to the central nervous system (CNS).

Action potentials Sensory receptors receive sensory information about the external environment and the internal body environment. This sensory information is transduced into electrical signals, called action potentials.

The area of highest visual acuity has a high level of which photoreceptors that specialized in high light? a. Rods b. Macula lutea c. Fovea centralis d. Cones

Cones Cones are color photoreceptors specialized in high light. A high number of cones are in the fovea centralis.

Which of the following refers to a reflex that is activated on the left side of the body in response to a painful stimulus on the right side of the body? a. Stretch reflex b. Tendon reflex c. Crossed-extensor reflex d. Withdrawal reflex

Crossed-extensor reflex

Damage to the cochlea would result in which of the following? a. Difficulty or loss of balance b. Difficulty or loss of hearing c. An ear infection d. Difficulty or loss in both hearing and balance

Difficulty or loss of hearing

What are action potentials? A. Electrical signals along neuronal axons B. Sensory receptors within the skin C .Only found in efferent neurons D. Only found in afferent neurons

Electrical signals along neuronal axons Rationale: Sensory receptors receive sensory information about the external environment and the internal body environment. This sensory information is transduced into electrical signals, called action potentials.

A patient in the emergency room (ER) had an injury to the eye that affected bright light vision. Which of the following sensory receptors was most likely affected? a. Photoreceptors b. Baroreceptors c. Nociceptors d. Thermoreceptors

Photoreceptors

Pain medications work to relieve pain. Which of the following sensory receptors are targets for pain medications? a. Photoreceptors b. Nociceptors c. Baroreceptors d. Mechanoreceptors

Photoreceptors

What part of the brain generates an action potential to contract a muscle in response to sensory stimuli? Premotor area Somatosensory cortex Visual association area Primary motor cortex

Primary motor cortex Rationale: Neurons within the primary motor cortex, frontal lobe, are connected to specific motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles throughout the body. For instance, an action potential generated from the primary motor cortex neuron travels through two neurons to a specific body part to contract the muscles in the body part.

Which of the following is a part of the posterior chamber in the eye? a. Cornea b. Ciliary body c. Retina d. Iris

Retina

Which of the following refers to a general reflex where the motor response is carried out by skeletal muscle? a. Somatic reflex b. Visceral reflex c. Intrinsic reflex d. Polysynaptic reflex

Somatic reflex

The body receives incoming sensory stimuli information from areas of the skin and proprioceptors to determine the site of origin. For example, if a fly was walking on your forearm. This information is then sent through neuronal connections to specific locations in the __________________.

Somatosensory Cortex Rationale: Sensory stimuli from the skin and proprioceptors travel through a chain of neurons to the somatosensory cortex, which is divided into many areas that are each connected to a specific region of the body to determine where the external stimulus originated.

A patient has been experiencing some dizziness and feels like the room is spinning. The symptoms are likely due to a problem with which of the following structures in the ear? a. Semicircular canals b. Tympanic membrane c. Auditory canal d. Malleus

Semicircular canals

Which of the following terms refers to sensory perception, an action potential is relayed from a sensory receptor to the central nervous system (CNS)? Integration Motor response Decussation Sensation

Sensation Rationale: Sensation is sensory perception, the action potential from sensory receptors is relayed to the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS integrates sensory information from many receptors, such as touch, taste, sight, and sound to perceive the stimuli.

___________ is the conscious awareness of sensory stimuli.

Sensation Rationale: Sensation is sensory perception, the action potential from sensory receptors is relayed to the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS integrates sensory information from many receptors, such as touch, taste, sight, and sound to perceive the stimuli.

What sensory information is integrated in the central nervous system for stimuli perception? Check all that apply. Sight Sound Taste Touch

Sight Sound Taste Touch Sensation is sensory perception, the action potential from sensory receptors is relayed to the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS integrates sensory information from many receptors, such as touch, taste, sight, and sound to perceive the stimuli.

Which of the following regions of the body would most likely contain sensory receptors to send information to the somatosensory cortex? Smooth muscle Skin Blood vessels Cardiac muscle

Skin Rationale: Sensory stimuli from the skin and proprioceptors travel through a chain of neurons to the somatosensory cortex, which is divided into many areas that are each connected to a specific region of the body to determine where the external stimulus originated.

What is gustation? a. The sense of hearing b. The sense of sight c. The sense of smell d. The sense of taste

The sense of taste

Which of these____________ is the conversion of one form of energy into another? a. Sensation b. Adaptation c. Decussation d. Transduction

Transduction

Sensory information is attained from

inside and outside the body. Rationale: Sensory receptors receive sensory information about the external environment and the internal body environment. This sensory information is transduced into electrical signals, called action potentials.

The body determines the contraction of a muscle through neuronal connections in the

primary motor cortex . Neurons within the primary motor cortex, frontal lobe, are connected to specific motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles throughout the body. For instance, an action potential generated from the primary motor cortex neuron travels through two neurons to a specific body part to contract the muscles in the body part.