BIO 222 Exam 2
A fibrin network that contains trapped blood cells and platelets is called a(n) Question options: A) blood clot. B) rouleaux. C) platelet plug. D) agglutinin. E) lysin.
A
A person's blood type is determined by the A) presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane. B) chemical composition of the hemoglobin. C) shape of the RBCs. D) size of the RBCs. E) volume of the RBCs.
A
Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ________ vein. Question options: A) internal jugular B) vertebral C) innominate D) external jugular E) azygos
A
Blood is supplied to the myocardium by Question options: A) the coronary arteries. B) contact with blood in the pumping chambers. C) arteries that branch off the subclavian arteries. D) the coronary sinus. E) arteries that branch from the pulmonary arteries.
A
Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the Question options: A) pulmonary valve. B) aortic valve. C) mitral valve. D) tricuspid valve. E) bicuspid valve.
A
Blood pressure is lowest in the Question options: A) veins. B) venules. C) capillaries. D) arterioles. E) arteries.
A
Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the Question options: A) right atrium. B) conus arteriosus. C) left ventricle. D) right ventricle. E) left atrium.
A
Capillaries that have a complete lining are called Question options: A) continuous capillaries. B) fenestrated capillaries. C) vasa vasorum. D) sinusoidal capillaries. E) sinusoids.
A
Capillaries with a perforated lining are called Question options: A) fenestrated capillaries. B) perforated capillaries. C) discontinuous capillaries. D) sinuses. E) vasa vasorum.
A
Cardiac output can be increased by all of the following except Question options: A) decreasing ejection fraction. B) increasing ejection fraction. C) increasing heart rate. D) increasing stroke volume. E) decreasing end systolic volume.
A
Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to Question options: A) arterial pressure. B) pulse pressure. C) peripheral pressure. D) capillary hydrostatic pressure. E) arteriovenous pressure.
A
During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of Question options: A) neutrophils. B) basophils. C) eosinophils. D) reticulocytes. E) thrombocytes.
A
During ventricular systole, the Question options: A) AV valves are closed. B) blood is entering the ventricles. C) pressure in the ventricles remains constant. D) atria are contracting. E) pressure in the aorta remains constant.
A
Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of Question options: A) iron. B) calcium. C) copper. D) sodium. E) magnesium.
A
Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output except increased Question options: A) parasympathetic stimulation. B) force of contraction. C) heart rate. D) sympathetic stimulation. E) venous return.
A
Edema may occur when Question options: A) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced, capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated, and the capillary endothelium permeability goes up. B) capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated. C) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced and capillary endothelium permeability goes up. D) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced. E) capillary endothelium permeability goes up.
A
Hormones called ________ are involved in regulation of white blood cell populations. Question options: A) colony-stimulating factors B) erythropoietin C) plasmin D) bilirubin E) thrombopoietin
A
Identify the structure labeled "19." Question options: A) pulmonary semilunar valve B) ligamentum arteriosum C) bicuspid valve D) tricuspid valve E) aortic semilunar valve
A
If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked, Question options: A) the ventricles will beat more slowly. B) the ventricles will beat faster. C) the atria will contract more forcefully. D) the ventricular beat will remain unchanged. E) cardiac output will increase.
A
In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the Question options: A) red bone marrow. B) yellow bone marrow. C) spleen. D) liver. E) thymus.
A
In arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers associated with the tunica intima is called the Question options: A) internal elastic membrane. B) tunica externa. C) external elastic membrane. D) tunica intima. E) tunica media.
A
In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has Question options: A) a greater resistance to blood flow. B) a greater blood flow. C) a higher blood pressure. D) less resistance to blood flow. E) the same amount of pressure as resistance.
A
Jane has Type A blood; therefore, she Question options: A) has antibodies to B agglutinogens. B) can receive blood from other people with Type A blood only. C) has B antigen on her RBCs. D) makes anti-A without ever having been exposed to Type A blood. E) can give blood to other people with Type A blood only.
A
Multiple arteries joined in order to serve a single capillary network are called Question options: A) collaterals. B) convergents. C) arteriole beds. D) connexons. E) portals.
A
Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles are called Question options: A) trabeculae carneae. B) intercalated discs. C) chordae tendineae. D) coronary sinuses. E) papillary muscles.
A
Natural killer cells are one of the functional classes of Question options: A) lymphocytes. B) neutrophils. C) thrombocytes. D) monocytes. E) eosinophils.
A
Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the ________ arteries. Question options: A) common iliac B) femoral C) common carotid D) popliteal E) tibial
A
Plasma is closest in composition to Question options: A) interstitial fluid. B) sterile water. C) isotonic saline solution. D) urine. E) CSF.
A
Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the Question options: A) lungs. B) aorta. C) left atrium. D) systemic circuit. E) right atrium.
A
Resistance is a force that Question options: A) decreases blood flow. B) never changes in a blood vessel. C) increases blood flow. D) is always higher than blood pressure. E) acts with pressure to move blood along a vessel.
A
The ________ carries nutrient-rich blood into the liver. Question options: A) hepatic portal vein B) myenteric capillaries C) superior mesenteric vein D) hepatic artery E) gastric vein
A
The ________ is a remnant of an important fetal blood vessel that once linked the pulmonary and systemic circuits. Question options: A) ligamentum arteriosum B) fossa ovalis C) ductus arteriosus D) foramen ovale E) ductus venosus
A
The amount of blood returning to the heart is the Question options: A) venous return. B) afterload. C) cardiac reserve. D) end-diastolic volume. E) stroke volume.
A
The blood vessel that carries blood to the arm and shoulder is the ________ artery. Question options: A) subclavian B) axillary C) brachiocephalic D) acromial E) brachial
A
The combination of plasma and formed elements is called Question options: A) whole blood. B) lymph. C) serum. D) packed blood. E) extracellular fluid.
A
The first heart sound ("lubb") is associated with Question options: A) closing of the atrioventricular valves. B) opening of the atrioventricular valves. C) atrial systole. D) closing of the semilunar valves. E) opening of the semilunar valves.
A
The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?1. right atrium2. left atrium3. right ventricle4. left ventricle5. venae cavae6. aorta7. pulmonary trunk8. pulmonary veins Question options: A) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6 B) 1, 7, 3, 8, 2, 4, 6, 5 C) 5, 1, 3, 8, 7, 2, 4, 6 D) 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5 E) 5, 3, 1, 7, 8, 4, 2, 6
A
The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is ________ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is ________ pressure. Question options: A) hydrostatic; colloid osmotic B) systolic; diastolic C) plasma; extracellular D) colloid osmotic; hydrostatic E) blood; interstitial
A
The function of an atrium is to Question options: A) collect blood then pump it to the ventricle. B) pump blood to the ventricle. C) pump blood to the lungs. D) store blood for use by the myocardial cells. E) pump blood into the systemic circuit.
A
The function of red blood cells is to Question options: A) carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide. B) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells. C) carry oxygen from the cells to the lungs. D) carry carbon dioxide from the lungs to the body's cells. E) defend the body against infectious organisms.
A
The heart spends most of the cardiac cycle in which phase? Question options: A) ventricular diastole B) atrial diastole C) isovolumetric contraction D) atrial systole E) ventricular systole
A
The heart spends most of the cardiac cycle in which phase? Question options: A) ventricular diastole B) atrial systole C) isovolumetric contraction D) ventricular systole E) atrial diastole
A
The left and right coronary arteries originate at the Question options: A) aortic sinus. B) aortic valve. C) aortic arch. D) brachiocephalic trunk. E) carotid sinus.
A
The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to Question options: A) calcium channels remaining open. B) increased membrane permeability to potassium ion. C) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions. D) decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane. E) movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell membrane.
A
The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the Question options: A) arteriole. B) capillary. C) venule. D) artery. E) vein.
A
The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the A) hematocrit. B) specific gravity. C) packed volume. D) differential cell count. E) viscosity.
A
The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the Question options: A) systolic ejection phase. B) late diastolic filling phase. C) atrial systole. D) early diastolic filling phase. E) dicrotic phase.
A
The process of lymphopoiesis occurs mainly in the Question options: A) red bone marrow. B) spleen. C) thymus. D) lymph nodes. E) kidneys.
A
The protein(s) that are the major contributors to plasma osmolarity is/are Question options: A) albumins. B) transferrin. C) globulins. D) lipoprotein. E) fibrinogen.
A
The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the Question options: A) lungs. B) intestines. C) liver. D) brain. E) heart.
A
The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the ________ vein. Question options: A) brachial B) basilic C) axillary D) azygos E) hemiazygos
A
The right ventricle pumps blood to the Question options: A) right and left lungs. B) aorta. C) left ventricle. D) left atrium. E) right atrium.
A
The smallest arterial branches are called the Question options: A) arterioles. B) veins. C) venules. D) muscular arteries. E) capillaries.
A
The vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is the ________ vein. Question options: A) brachiocephalic B) hemiazygos C) axillary D) azygos E) iliac
A
The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the Question options: A) superior vena cava. B) external jugular vein. C) internal jugular vein. D) inferior vena cava. E) coronary sinus.
A
These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated. Question options: A) capillaries B) arterioles C) arteries D) venules E) veins
A
To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body Question options: A) releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH). B) reduces reabsorption of water at the kidneys. C) experiences a decrease in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure. D) experiences an increase of interstitial fluids. E) releases atrial natriuretic peptide.
A
Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel? Question options: A) vein B) artery C) venule D) capillary E) arteriole
A
What occurs at the area labeled "B" on the graph? Question options: A) Semilunar valve closes. B) AV valve opens. C) Ventricular ejection occurs. D) AV valve closes. E) Semilunar valve opens.
A
What occurs at the circle labeled "7" on the graph? Question options: A) isovolumetric ventricular relaxation B) sympathetic stimulation C) ventricular ejection D) isovolumetric ventricular contraction E) ventricular filling
A
What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole? Question options: A) arteries B) arterioles C) veins D) venules E) capillaries
A
Which chamber has the thickest wall? Question options: A) left ventricle B) left atrium C) right ventricle D) right atrium E) left auricle
A
Which common over the counter drug can decrease blood clotting and thus may be beneficial for preventing a heart attack? Question options: A) aspirin B) cough syrup C) tums D) acetaminophen E) anti-histamines
A
Which is not an effect of angiotensin II to increase blood pressure? Question options: A) increasing atrial natriuretic peptide B) increasing thirst C) vasoconstriction increasing total peripheral resistance D) increasing production of aldosterone E) increasing secretion of ADH
A
Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels? Question options: A) venules B) medium veins C) large veins D) venous valves E) arteriovenules
A
Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn? Question options: A) mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive B) mother Rh positive, baby Rh negative C) mother Rh negative, baby Rh negative D) mother type A+, baby type O+ E) mother Rh positive, baby Rh positive
A
Which of the following is true of arteries compared to other vessels? Question options: A) Blood pressure and velocity are highest. B) Velocity and cross-sectional area are highest. C) Blood pressure and velocity are lowest. D) Blood pressure and cross-sectional area are lowest. E) Blood pressure and cross-sectional area are highest.
A
Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers? Question options: A) tunica externa B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) tunica intima E) internal elastic membrane
A
Which of the following opposes the flow of blood back to the heart? Question options: A) vascular resistance B) blood pressure C) blood pressure gradient from arteries to veins D) muscular pumps squeeze veins and move blood toward the heart E) peripheral veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood
A
Which of the following white blood cells are mobile? A) neutrophils and monocytes B) monocytes C) neutrophils D) lymphocytes E) basophils
A
Which of the following would not increase heart rate? Question options: A) beta blocking drugs B) faster depolarization of the pacemaker potential C) increased sympathetic stimulation of SA node D) decreased parasympathetic stimulation of nodal fibers E) increased levels of epinephrine
A
You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in Question options: A) the pituitary gland. B) cardiac muscle. C) bone. D) skeletal muscles. E) skin.
A
_______ form elaborate capillary networks within tissues that allow for very slow blood flow. Question options: A) Sinusoids B) Perfusion centers C) Varicosities D) Portal systems E) Foramina
A
Identify the structure(s) labeled "8." Question options: A) papillary muscles B) chordae tendineae C) moderator band D) trabeculae carneae E) pectinate muscles
A flutters.
A patient has an infected puncture wound to her foot. Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in a differential white cell count? Question options: A) eosinophils B) neutrophils C) lymphocytes D) monocytes E) basophils
B
A(n) ________ is a bulge, or weakened wall, of an artery. Question options: A) stroke B) aneurysm C) arteriosclerosis D) atherosclerosis E) vascular edema
B
Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing. Question options: A) P wave B) QRS complex C) P-R interval D) R-T interval E) T wave
B
All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are Question options: A) phagocytic. B) important in coagulation. C) granular leukocytes. D) also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. E) active in fighting bacterial infections.
B
As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries Question options: A) decreases and causes the blood velocity to increase. B) increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease. C) is the same as the total cross-sectional area of arteries and blood velocity is equal between arteries and capillaries. D) increases and causes the blood velocity to increase. E) decreases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.
B
As blood travels from arteries to veins, Question options: A) diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller. B) pressure decreases. C) viscosity of blood changes. D) flow becomes turbulent. E) pressure increases.
B
At the level of the first rib, the axillary vein becomes the ________ vein. Question options: A) innominate B) subclavian C) azygos D) external jugular E) cephalic
B
Blood colloid osmotic pressure is produced by Question options: A) osmosis of water. B) large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma. C) the force of blood pushing against the vessel wall. D) hypertonic solutions separated by a cell membrane. E) a greater salt concentration in blood cells.
B
Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the Question options: A) veins constrict. B) arterioles dilate. C) level of oxygen at the tissue increases. D) arterioles constrict. E) level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases.
B
Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except Question options: A) valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood. B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein. C) the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries. D) muscular compression. E) the respiratory pump.
B
Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased Question options: A) force of cardiac contraction. B) parasympathetic innervation. C) cardiac output. D) blood volume. E) peripheral resistance.
B
Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the Question options: A) conus arteriosus. B) left atrium. C) right atrium. D) right ventricle. E) left ventricle.
B
Cardiac output is increased by Question options: A) inhibiting the atrial reflex. B) sympathetic stimulation. C) increased end systolic volume. D) decreased end diastolic volume. E) decreased venous return.
B
Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except Question options: A) works harder. B) pumps a greater volume. C) has a thicker wall. D) is round in cross section. E) produces about four to six times more pressure when it contracts.
B
Considering the left ventricle, why does isovolumetric ventricular contraction occur during ventricular systole? Question options: A) Ventricular pressure is greater than atrial pressure so the ventricle cannot eject blood. B) Aortic pressure is higher than ventricular pressure and the ventricle must pressurize the blood to open the aortic valve. C) The bicuspid valve needs time to shut before the ventricle can eject blood. D) The ventricle is still filling with blood and therefore cannot eject blood during this time. E) The ventricle needs to pressurize the blood to close the aortic valve.
B
Contractions of the papillary muscles Question options: A) close the semilunar valves. B) prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria. C) eject blood from the atria into the ventricles. D) close the atrioventricular valves. E) eject blood from the ventricles.
B
Cross-sectional area is highest in Question options: A) arterioles. B) capillaries. C) venules. D) arteries. E) veins.
B
Distension of the superficial veins caused by weakened valves is termed Question options: A) venoconstriction. B) varicose veins. C) vaso vasorum. D) venous reserve. E) hemorrhoids.
B
During hemorrhaging, the drop in capillary hydrostatic pressure will ________ NFP, thus ________ reabsorption. Question options: A) decrease; reducing B) decrease; increasing C) increase; reducing D) stabilize; reducing E) increase; increasing
B
During the beginning of ventricular systole when the muscle is contracting but not enough pressure has built up to open the semilunar valves the heart is said to be in Question options: A) isovolumetric relaxation. B) isovolumetric contraction. C) passive ventricular filling. D) atrial systole. E) atrial kick.
B
Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except Question options: A) irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques. B) vasodilation. C) increased sympathetic stimulation. D) elevated hematocrit. E) elevated levels of epinephrine.
B
Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except Question options: A) increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone). B) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). C) increased levels of angiotensin II. D) increased levels of aldosterone. E) increased blood volume.
B
End-systolic volume is defined as the Question options: A) stroke volume multiplied by the heart rate. B) amount of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction. C) amount of blood remaining in an atrium after atrial systole. D) amount of blood a ventricle ejects per cycle. E) amount of blood which backflows into a ventricle.
B
Erythropoietin is a hormone Question options: A) released by the liver to stimulate red blood cell production. B) released by the kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production. C) released by the kidneys to stimulate red and white blood cell production. D) released by the liver to stimulate white blood cell production. E) released by the bone marrow to stimulate red blood cell production.
B
Gradual drifting of membrane potential toward threshold in autorhythmic cells is termed a Question options: A) action potential. B) pacemaker potential. C) receptor potential. D) gated potential. E) ligand-gated potential.
B
If the force of ventricular contraction increases, what will happen to the end-systolic volume? Question options: A) remain the same B) decrease C) reduced to zero D) increase E) fluctuate rapidly
B
In an emergency situation when you have no time to wait for cross-matched blood you could give a patient type ________ until the cross-match is available. A) AB positive B) O negative C) AB negative D) A positive E) B negative
B
In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of Question options: A) increased membrane permeability to chloride ions. B) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions. C) decreased membrane permeability to sodium ions. D) increased membrane permeability to potassium ions. E) decreased membrane permeability to calcium ions.
B
In response to hemorrhage, there is Question options: A) increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. B) mobilization of the venous reserve. C) constriction of elastic arteries to maintain blood pressure. D) increased blood flow to the digestive system. E) peripheral vasodilation.
B
Major branches of the subclavian artery include the ________ artery(ies). Question options: A) digital B) internal thoracic C) brachial D) radial E) phrenic
B
Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is Question options: A) excreted by the intestines. B) recycled to the red bone marrow. C) excreted by the kidneys. D) excreted by the liver. E) stored in yellow bone marrow.
B
Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by Question options: A) the kidneys. B) the liver. C) megakaryocytes. D) the spleen. E) platelets.
B
Oxygen is added to blood as it flows through the ________ circuit. Question options: A) primary B) pulmonary C) systemic D) portal E) oxygen
B
People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because Question options: A) they usually have very strong immune systems. B) their blood lacks A or B agglutinins. C) their blood is plentiful in A and B agglutinins. D) they are usually Rh negative. E) their blood cells lack A and B antigens.
B
Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the Question options: A) metalloproteins. B) immunoglobulins. C) albumins. D) fibrinogens. E) lipoproteins.
B
Platelets are Question options: A) red blood cells that lack a nucleus. B) cytoplasmic fragments of large cells. C) large cells with a prominent, concave nucleus. D) tiny cells with a polynucleus. E) red blood cells that have a nucleus.
B
Prominent muscular ridges in the anterior atrial wall and auricles are called Question options: A) trabeculae carneae. B) pectinate muscles. C) papillary muscles. D) conus arteriosus. E) fossa ovalis.
B
Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in a normal cardiac muscle because Question options: A) potassium channels outnumber sodium channels. B) the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes. C) neural stimulation is lacking. D) cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own. E) the refractory period ends before the muscle reaches peak tension.
B
The ________ carry blood away from the heart. Question options: A) venules B) arteries C) capillaries D) arterioles E) veins
B
The ________ is an important ridge of muscle extending horizontally around the right ventricle from the interventricular septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle containing part of the conducting system. Question options: A) conus arteriosus B) moderator band C) auricle D) pectinate muscle E) trabeculae carneae
B
The ________ is shared by the two ventricles. Question options: A) vena cava B) interventricular septum C) chordae tendineae D) trabeculae carneae E) bicuspid valve
B
The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow Question options: A) from a ventricle to an atrium. B) in one direction only. C) in many directions. D) in both directions. E) in opposite directions on the right and left.
B
The average life span of a red blood cell is A) many years. B) 4 months. C) 24 hours. D) about 1 year. E) 1 month.
B
The bicuspid or mitral valve is located Question options: A) in the opening of the aorta. B) between the left atrium and left ventricle. C) in the opening of the pulmonary trunk. D) between the right atrium and right ventricle. E) where the venae cavae join the right atrium.
B
The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the Question options: A) neutrophils. B) lymphocytes. C) basophils. D) erythrocytes. E) monocytes.
B
The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery? Question options: A) arteriolar B) muscular C) connective D) vascular E) elastic
B
The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of A) nitrogen wastes. B) proteins. C) water. D) electrolytes. E) glucose.
B
The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called Question options: A) areolation. B) agglutination. C) hemostasis. D) coagulation. E) vascularization.
B
The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery? Question options: A) arteriolar B) elastic C) connective D) muscular E) vascular
B
The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called Question options: A) depolarization. B) systole. C) diastole. D) hyperpolarization. E) asystole.
B
The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries. Question options: A) subclavian B) coronary C) circumflex D) carotid E) pulmonary
B
The function of platelets is to assist in the A) immune response during an infection. B) process called hemostasis. C) removal of worn out red blood cells. D) destruction of bacteria. E) transport of blood gases such as oxygen.
B
The heart lies within the ________ cavity. Question options: A) peritoneal B) pericardial C) dorsal D) orbital E) pleural
B
The hormone that stimulates platelet formation is Question options: A) endothelin. B) thrombopoietin. C) colony-stimulating factor. D) thymosin. E) erythropoietin.
B
The muscle layer of the heart is the Question options: A) mediastinum. B) myocardium. C) parietal pericardium. D) epicardium. E) endocardium.
B
The principle that increasing the end-diastolic volume results in a corresponding increase in the stroke volume is known as Question options: A) cardiac capacity. B) Frank-Starling principle. C) cardiac reserve. D) expandibility. E) afterload.
B
The property of heart muscle to contract in the absence of neural or hormonal stimulation is called Question options: A) extrinsic. B) automaticity. C) self-starting. D) self-replicating. E) intrinsic.
B
The pulmonary veins carry blood to the Question options: A) brain. B) heart. C) lungs. D) intestines. E) liver.
B
The two common iliac veins form the Question options: A) innominate vein. B) inferior vena cava. C) femoral vein. D) greater saphenous vein. E) hepatic portal vein.
B
The visceral pericardium is the same as the Question options: A) endocardium. B) epicardium. C) parietal pericardium. D) myocardium. E) mediastinum.
B
Tissue factor is a factor in the ________ pathway. Question options: A) retraction B) extrinsic C) intrinsic D) fibrinolytic E) common
B
What is the difference between elastic arteries and muscular arteries? Question options: A) Elastic arteries are closest to the arterioles and muscular arteries are farther away. B) Elastic arteries have elastic fibers throughout the tunica media whereas muscular arteries have few elastic fibers in the tunica media. C) Elastic arteries have a larger tunica intima and tunica media compared to muscular arteries. D) Elastic arteries have more smooth muscle than muscular arteries. E) Muscular arteries have larger lumens than elastic arteries.
B
What occurs at the circle labeled "4" on the graph? Question options: A) ventricular filling B) isovolumetric ventricular contraction C) ventricular ejection D) isovolumetric ventricular relaxation E) sympathetic stimulation
B
What volume is labeled "G" on the graph? Question options: A) ejection fraction B) end-systolic volume C) stroke volume D) cardiac output E) end-diastolic volume
B
When a person rises quickly from a sitting position, all of the following reactions will occur except Question options: A) reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs. B) cardiac output will decrease. C) heart rate is reflexively elevated. D) the carotid baroreceptors become less active. E) venous return is decreased.
B
When carbon dioxide is bound to hemoglobin it is termed Question options: A) deoxyhemoglobin. B) carbaminohemoglobin. C) oxyhemoglobin. D) sickle hemoglobin. E) hemolyzed.
B
When hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen atoms it is termed A) deoxyhemoglobin. B) oxyhemoglobin. C) sickle hemoglobin. D) hemolyzed. E) carbaminohemoglobin.
B
Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit? Question options: A) 5 B) 16 C) 13 D) 10 E) both 5 and 16
B
Which mature cell has no nucleus, no mitochondria and no ribosomes? Question options: A) neutrophil B) erythrocyte C) platelet D) thrombocyte E) leukocyte
B
Which of the following is not a way that red blood cell shape is significant? Question options: A) It enables red blood cells to form stacks. B) It enables red blood cells to phagocytose bacteria. C) It gives the red blood cell a large surface area to volume ratio. D) It allows red blood cells to bend and flex. E) It allows fast exchange of gases between the inside of the cell and the plasma.
B
Which of the following is not true regarding the right atrioventricular valve? Question options: A) It prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium. B) The valve closes when the right atrium contracts. C) It is also called the tricuspid valve. D) The cusps provide one-way flow of blood. E) It has 3 cusps.
B
Which of the following is occurring during ventricular diastole? Question options: A) Ventricular ejection. B) The ventricles are passively filling and atria are contracting. C) The AV valves are closed. D) The SL valves are open. E) The ventricles are passively filling.
B
Which of the following statements about blood is false? Question options: A) Cells in blood comprise the formed elements. B) The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0. C) Blood is more viscous than water. D) Blood is about 55 percent plasma. E) Blood contains buffers that control pH. Question 301 / 1 point
B
Which of the following veins empty directly into the inferior vena cava? Question options: A) azygos B) renal C) left gonadal D) left adrenal E) hepatic portal
B
Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes? Question options: A) develop into plasma cells and produce antibodies in response to antigens B) are involved in cell mediated immunity C) often elevated in allergic individuals D) kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide E) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium
B
Which valve(s) contains 2 cusps? Question options: A) right AV valve B) left AV valve C) left AV and aortic valves D) right AV and pulmonary valves E) right and left AV valves
B
Which vessel has only the tunica intima layer? Question options: A) arteriole B) capillary C) venule D) artery E) vein
B
White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are Question options: A) neutrophils. B) basophils. C) eosinophils. D) monocytes. E) lymphocytes.
B
With each ventricular systole, Question options: A) the ventricles fill with blood. B) blood pressure increases. C) cardiac output decreases. D) blood pressure decreases. E) blood pressure remains steady.
B
_______ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells. A) Basophils B) Monocytes C) Neutrophils D) Lymphocytes E) Eosinophils
B
________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Question options: A) Retraction B) Coagulation C) Fibrinolysis D) The platelet phase E) Vascular spasm
B
A cross-match test is performed between donor blood and recipient blood, even though the ABO and Rh blood types match between the two because Question options: A) one has to make sure that the same agglutinogens have to be on both donor and recipients red blood cells. B) all antibodies of the donor blood and the recipient blood must be identified. C) there are many more surface antigens on red blood cells other than A, B and Rh. D) errors are commonly made by the clinical staff regarding donor-recipient matches. E) coagulation can occur even in a small percentage of cases.
C
A patient has an end-diastolic volume of 125 ml. A heart attack has weakened her left ventricle so it can pump a stroke volume of only 40 ml. Calculate her end-systolic volume. Question options: A) 3.1 ml B) 165 ml C) 85 ml D) 5000 ml E) There is not enough data given to calculate the end-systolic volume.
C
A plasma protein essential for blood A) lipoprotein C. B) metalloprotein D. C) fibrinogen. D) immunoglobulin A. E) albumin alpha.
C
After entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the ________ artery. Question options: A) subclavian B) radial C) brachial D) digital E) ulnar
C
Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the Question options: A) bone marrow. B) liver. C) spleen, liver, and bone marrow. D) digestive tract. E) spleen.
C
All of the following occur during exercise except Question options: A) both cardiac output and stroke volume increase. B) vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. C) angiotensin II is released. D) tissue perfusion to the digestive system decreases. E) venous return increases.
C
Approximately 45 percent of blood volume is composed of the Question options: A) clotting factors. B) antibodies. C) formed elements. D) plasma. E) leukocytes.
C
Collectively, the conducting cells that carry the impulse from the SA node to the AV node is known as the Question options: A) AV block. B) conducting system. C) internodal pathway. D) pacemaker cells. E) bundle branches.
C
Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a Question options: A) built-in system for clotting. B) red color from hemoglobin. C) viscosity about the same as water. D) temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius. E) pH of 7.4.
C
Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except Question options: A) decrease in blood volume. B) decreased peripheral resistance. C) release of renin. D) decreased levels of aldosterone. E) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).
C
End-systolic volume is defined as the Question options: A) stroke volume multiplied by the heart rate. B) amount of blood remaining in an atrium after atrial systole. C) amount of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction. D) amount of blood which backflows into a ventricle. E) amount of blood a ventricle ejects per cycle.
C
Erythropoiesis is stimulated when Question options: A) oxygen levels in the blood increase. B) blood pressure increases. C) blood flow to the kidney declines. D) carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease. E) coagulation begins.
C
Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in Question options: A) arterioles. B) veins. C) capillaries. D) arteries. E) venules.
C
Fear can result in Question options: A) parasympathetic stimulation. B) increased stimulation of the cardioinhibitory center by higher brain centers. C) increased stimulation of the cardioacceleratory center by higher brain centers. D) decreased heart rate. E) decreased blood pressure.
C
Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the Question options: A) thalamus. B) hypothalamus. C) medulla oblongata. D) higher centers. E) pons.
C
In case of hemorrhage, platelets are stored as a reserve in Question options: A) the heart. B) the kidneys. C) the spleen. D) the thymus gland. E) bone marrow.
C
John encounters a bear while hiking. His heart will respond in all of the following ways except Question options: A) increasing contractility. B) increasing heart rate. C) decreasing heart rate and contractility. D) increasing preload. E) increasing venous return.
C
Macrophages develop from Question options: A) thrombocytes. B) eosinophils. C) monocytes. D) lymphocytes. E) neutrophils.
C
More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is Question options: A) fibrinogen. B) immunoglobulin. C) hemoglobin. D) albumin. E) porphyrin.
C
Of the following, which is an elastic artery? Question options: A) the brachial B) the ulnar C) the subclavian D) the external carotid E) the femoral
C
Points where a muscular artery can be compressed against a bone to control severe bleeding are called Question options: A) palpation points. B) regulation points. C) pressure points. D) diastolic points. E) decompression points.
C
The AV node delay is beneficial because Question options: A) it allows time to send feedback to the brain about heartrate. B) it decreases neural stimulation of the heart. C) it allows time for the atria to contract. D) it allows time for the ventricles to contract. E) it hyperpolarizes the ventricular cell membranes.
C
The ________ carry blood toward the heart. Question options: A) lacteals B) arterioles C) veins D) arteries E) capillaries
C
The ________ is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the beginning of systole. Question options: A) ejection fraction B) stroke volume C) end-diastole volume D) asystolic volume E) end-systolic volume
C
The blood vessel that supplies blood to the head and neck is the ________ artery. Question options: A) cervical B) vertebral C) common carotid D) subclavian E) brachiocephalic
C
The branch of the common iliac artery that enters the pelvic cavity is the ________ artery. Question options: A) femoral B) external iliac C) internal iliac D) deep iliac E) superficial iliac
C
The bronchial arteries branch from the ________ to supply the lung airways. Question options: A) brachiocephalic trunk B) pleural arteries C) thoracic aorta D) pulmonary veins E) pulmonary arteries
C
The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as Question options: A) proerythrocytes. B) hemocytoblasts. C) reticulocytes. D) band forms. E) myeloid cells.
C
The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is Question options: A) fibrinase. B) heparin. C) plasmin. D) thrombin. E) phosphokinase.
C
The external iliac artery branches to form the ________ arteries. Question options: A) femoral and popliteal B) tibial and popliteal C) femoral and deep femoral D) femoral and tibial E) radial and ulnar
C
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the Question options: A) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. B) activation of Factor VII exposed to collagen. C) release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. D) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. E) release of heparin from the liver.
C
The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart.1. Purkinje fibers2. AV bundle3. AV node4. SA node5. bundle branchesThe sequence in which excitation would move through this system is Question options: A) 3, 5, 4, 2, 1. B) 3, 2, 4, 5, 1. C) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1. D) 4, 2, 3, 5, 1. E) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5.
C
The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the Question options: A) subclavian vein. B) innominate vein. C) superior vena cava. D) azygos vein. E) inferior vena cava.
C
The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called Question options: A) capillaries. B) arteries. C) veins. D) arterioles. E) venules.
C
The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the Question options: A) capillaries. B) venules. C) arterioles. D) arteries. E) veins.
C
The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica Question options: A) externa. B) intima. C) media. D) interna. E) adventitia.
C
The process of fibrinolysis Question options: A) forms emboli. B) forms thrombi. C) dissolves clots. D) activates fibrinogen. E) draws torn edges of damaged tissue closer together.
C
The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________. Question options: A) deoxygenated; left atrium B) deoxygenated; superior vena cava C) oxygenated; left atrium D) oxygenated; right lung E) deoxygenated; right atrium
C
The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the Question options: A) fossa ovalis. B) ligamentum arteriosus. C) foramen ovale. D) interatrial septum. E) coronary sinus.
C
The structures responsible for distributing excitation to the contractile cells are Question options: A) internodal cells. B) intercalated cells. C) conducting cells. D) contractile cells. E) pacemaker cells.
C
The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the Question options: A) apex. B) septum. C) base. D) hilum. E) mediastinum.
C
Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems. Question options: A) doubles; decreases B) increases; reduces C) reduces; increases D) decreases; doubles E) reduces; reduces
C
What is the correct order for the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit, starting at the aorta? 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins7 . muscular arteries Question options: A) 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 B) 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4 C) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 D) 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6 E) 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4
C
What occurs at "A" on the graph? Question options: A) AV valve closes. B) end systolic volume C) Semilunar valve opens. D) Semilunar valve closes. E) AV valve opens.
C
What occurs at the area labeled "C" on the graph? Question options: A) Semilunar valve opens. B) Ventricular filling begins. C) AV valve closes. D) AV valve opens. E) Semilunar valve closes.
C
What occurs at the circle labeled "5" on the graph? Question options: A) ventricular refilling B) increased heart rate C) peak systolic pressure D) isovolumetric contraction E) isovolumetric systole
C
What volume is labeled "E" on the graph? Question options: A) total cardiac volume B) cardiac output C) stroke volume D) end-diastolic volume E) end-systolic volume
C
What volume is labeled "F" on the graph? Question options: A) total cardiac volume B) end-systolic volume C) end-diastolic volume D) stroke volume E) cardiac output
C
When heart rate increases, the time spent in Question options: A) isovolumetric contraction increases. B) diastole increases. C) all phases decreases but most of the decrease is during diastole. D) systole increases. E) all phases decreases but most of the decrease is during systole.
C
When hemoglobin does not have oxygen bound to hemoglobin it is termed Question options: A) hemolyzed. B) carbaminohemoglobin. C) deoxyhemoglobin. D) sickle hemoglobin. E) oxyhemoglobin.
C
Which factor directly influences preload? Question options: A) heart rate B) stroke volume C) venous return D) parasympathetic tone E) contractility
C
Which feature of WBCs makes them particularly important in tissue injury? Question options: A) They carry loads of oxygen. B) They undergo a fast rate of mitosis. C) They can squeeze out through blood vessel walls into tissues. D) They stick to injured blood vessels. E) They undergo aerobic respiration.
C
Which of the following changes does not occur during exercise compared to rest? Question options: A) Cardiac output is higher. B) Kidney blood flow is lower. C) Skin blood flow is lower. D) Abdominal viscera blood flow is lower. E) Heart blood flow is higher.
C
Which of the following is not true of neutrophils? Question options: A) can exit capillaries B) can make hydrogen peroxide C) less abundant than lymphocytes D) can destroy bacteria E) attracted to complement-coated bacteria
C
Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel? Question options: A) tunica media B) tunica externa C) tunica intima D) external elastic membrane E) internal elastic membrane
C
Which of the following vessels changes diameter most readily to local conditions or SNS stimulation? Question options: A) venules B) elastic arteries C) arterioles D) veins E) fenestrated capillaries
C
Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes? Question options: A) helper cells are one type B) kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide C) develop into plasma cells and produce antibodies in response to antigens D) often elevated in allergic individuals E) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium
C
Which of these is used clinically to impede or prevent blood clotting? Question options: A) fibrin B) tissue factor C) heparin D) thrombin E) prothrombin
C
Which statement correctly describes the term left atrioventricular valve? Question options: A) Its cusps open into the aorta. B) Its cusps open into the superior vena cava. C) Its cusps open into the left ventricle. D) Its cusps open into the pulmonary trunk. E) Its cusps open into the left atrium.
C
________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced. Question options: A) Leukemia B) Leukopenia C) Anemia D) Thrombocytopenia E) Polycythemia
C
A blood clot attached to the inner surface of a blood vessel is called a Question options: A) platelet plug. B) embolus. C) plaque. D) thrombus. E) fibrin mesh.
D
A hematocrit provides information on A) sedimentation rate. B) blood type. C) clotting factors. D) formed elements abundance. E) plasma composition.
D
A tumor on the adrenal gland increasing catecholamine release will cause all of the following cardiovascular responses except Question options: A) increased venous return. B) increased contractility. C) increased preload. D) decreased heart rate. E) decreased ESV.
D
Abnormal heart sounds caused by turbulent flow through faulty valves are called Question options: A) asystole. B) fibrillations. C) ectopic foci. D) murmurs. E) flutters.
D
After the precapillary sphincter, blood enters a(n) Question options: A) venule. B) arteriole. C) vein. D) thoroughfare channel. E) anastomosis.
D
An important pulse point in the neck on the lateral sides of the trachea is the Question options: A) external jugular vein. B) internal jugular vein. C) external carotid artery. D) common carotid artery. E) internal carotid artery.
D
An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will trigger a reflex to Question options: A) decrease blood pressure. B) decrease heart rate. C) increase heart rate. D) both decrease heart rate and decrease pressure. E) both increase heart rate and increase pressure.
D
As blood travels from arteries to veins, Question options: A) viscosity increases. B) flow becomes turbulent. C) diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller. D) pressure drops. E) pressure builds.
D
Baroreceptors are located in the Question options: A) carotid and aortic sinuses. B) right atrial wall. C) aortic sinuses. D) carotid and aortic sinuses and the right atrial wall. E) carotid sinuses.
D
Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the Question options: A) plexus. B) venule. C) vasa vasorum. D) precapillary sphincter. E) thoroughfare channel.
D
Cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells differ in a few ways. Which of the following is not one of them? Question options: A) Cardiac muscle cells are smaller in size. B) Skeletal muscle cells lack intercalated discs. C) Cardiac muscle cells have a single, centered nucleus. D) Cardiac muscle cells lack transverse tubules. E) Cardiac muscle cells branch.
D
Coronary veins empty into the Question options: A) right ventricle. B) left ventricle. C) conus arteriosus. D) right atrium. E) left atrium.
D
Each hemoglobin molecule contains Question options: A) a molecule of oxygen and a molecule of carbon dioxide. B) one alpha and one beta chain. C) one heme group. D) four iron atoms. E) four alpha chains.
D
Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue except Question options: A) increased vessel diameter. B) relaxation of precapillary sphincters. C) increased blood pressure. D) increased hematocrit. E) decreased peripheral resistance.
D
Elevated levels of the natriuretic peptide hormone, ANP, will produce increased Question options: A) blood pressure. B) sodium ion levels in blood. C) blood volume. D) salt and water loss through the kidneys. E) venous return and preload.
D
How many pulmonary veins are there? Question options: A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) it varies
D
Identify the structure labeled "6." Question options: A) aortic semilunar valve B) ligamentum arteriosum C) pulmonary semilunar valve D) cusp of tricuspid valve E) bicuspid valve
D
In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in Question options: A) the liver. B) yellow bone marrow. C) lymphoid tissue. D) red bone marrow. E) the spleen.
D
In cardiac muscle, Question options: A) calcium ions do not bind to troponin molecules. B) calcium ions play an important role in repolarizing the membrane after the depolarization phase. C) calcium ions are not released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. D) about 20 percent of the calcium ion required for contraction comes from outside the cell. E) calcium ions play no role in the process of contraction.
D
In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the Question options: A) pericardial space. B) pleural space. C) cardiac notch. D) mediastinum. E) ventral cavity.
D
In what way does blood assist in immune function? Question options: A) White blood cells defend against pathogens. B) Albumins transport hormones. C) Platelets allow clotting. D) Plasma antibodies and white blood cells defend against pathogens. E) Red blood cells transport gases. Question 441 / 1 point
D
Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased Question options: A) blood flow to the lungs. B) cardiac output. C) heart rate. D) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. E) sympathetic stimulation of the heart.
D
Partial constriction due to constant sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels is known as Question options: A) vasodilation. B) vasoconstriction. C) arteriosclerosis. D) vasomotor tone. E) aortic reflex.
D
Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by Question options: A) injections of iron. B) blood transfusion. C) oral doses of iron. D) injections of vitamin B12. E) oral doses of vitamin B12.
D
Reticulocytes complete their development into ________ in the circulation. Question options: A) macrophages B) thrombocytes C) neutrophils D) erythrocytes E) megakaryocytes
D
Stroke volume depends on all of the following factors except Question options: A) end diastolic volume. B) the contractility of the ventricle. C) venous return of blood to the heart. D) respiratory rate. E) the pressure required to pump blood into the aorta.
D
The ________ circuit carries blood from the aorta to the right ventricle. Question options: A) portal B) oxygen C) pulmonary D) systemic E) primary
D
The ________ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs. Question options: A) systemic B) oxygen C) portal D) pulmonary E) primary
D
The ________ covers the outer surface of the heart. Question options: A) parietal pericardium B) mediastinum C) myocardium D) epicardium E) endocardium
D
The ________ is the amount of blood in a ventricle after it has contracted and before it begins to refill. Question options: A) start-diastolic volume B) end-diastole volume C) ejection fraction D) end-systolic volume E) stroke volume
D
The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium. Question options: A) myocardium B) mediastinum C) epicardium D) endocardium E) visceral pericardium
D
The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle when the semilunar valve closes is the Question options: A) stroke volume. B) start-diastolic volume. C) end-diastole volume. D) end-systolic volume. E) ejection fraction.
D
The backward flow of blood from a ventricle to its atrium or from a outflow vessel to its ventricle is called Question options: A) flutter. B) fibrillation. C) emesis. D) regurgitation. E) stenosis.
D
The basic heartrate established by the SA node is called the Question options: A) action potential. B) pacemaker potential. C) SA potential. D) sinus rhythm. E) vagal tone.
D
The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the Question options: A) concentration of plasma waste products. B) concentration of plasma sodium ions. C) number of red blood cells. D) concentration of plasma proteins. E) concentration of plasma glucose.
D
The common pathway of coagulation begins with the A) activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen. B) conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. C) release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium. D) activation of Factor X and production of prothrombin activator. E) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue.
D
The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme Question options: A) fibrinogen-converting enzyme. B) plasmin. C) prothrombinase. D) thrombin. E) factor VIII.
D
The direct interconnection of two arteries is called an arterial Question options: A) merger. B) portal. C) unification. D) anastomosis. E) collateral.
D
The earlike extension of the atrium is the Question options: A) ventricle. B) interatrial septum. C) coronary sulcus. D) auricle. E) coronary sinus.
D
The first step of hemostasis is Question options: A) platelet phase. B) agglutination. C) coagulation. D) vascular spasm. E) clot retraction.
D
The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the Question options: A) left atrium. B) right atrium. C) left ventricle. D) interatrial septum. E) right ventricle.
D
The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the Question options: A) aorta. B) superior vena cava. C) inferior vena cava. D) coronary sinus. E) coronary sulcus.
D
The increase in effective blood volume that results from venoconstriction is the Question options: A) capacitance of veins. B) venous return. C) vessel residual. D) venous reserve. E) vessel mobilization.
D
The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the Question options: A) release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. B) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. C) release of heparin from the liver. D) activation of Factor XII by platelet factors. E) sticking of platelets to each other. Question 131 / 1 point
D
The left ventricle pumps blood to the Question options: A) right atrium. B) lungs. C) pulmonary circuit. D) aorta. E) right ventricle.
D
The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the Question options: A) eosinophils. B) basophils. C) monocytes. D) neutrophils. E) lymphocytes.
D
The phase of hemostasis that involved clotting of blood is called Question options: A) vascular spasm. B) a platelet plug. C) diapedesis. D) coagulation. E) hemolysis.
D
The pulmonary valve prevents backward flow into the Question options: A) left atrium. B) pulmonary trunk. C) aorta. D) right ventricle. E) pulmonary veins.
D
The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle is called Question options: A) hyperpolarization. B) depolarization. C) systole. D) diastole. E) asystole.
D
The resistance to blood flow of the entire cardiovascular system is known as Question options: A) systemic resistance. B) vasomotion. C) severe combined constriction. D) total peripheral resistance. E) vasoconstriction.
D
The right atrium receives blood from all of the following structures except the Question options: A) superior vena cava. B) inferior vena cava. C) coronary sinus. D) pulmonary veins. E) systemic circuit.
D
The tunica intima consists of Question options: A) stratified squamous epithelium. B) loose connective tissue. C) simple squamous epithelium and smooth muscle. D) simple squamous epithelium and loose connective tissue. E) smooth muscle and loose connective tissue.
D
Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway. Question options: A) intrinsic B) common C) retraction D) extrinsic E) fibrinolytic
D
Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except the Question options: A) length of a blood vessel. B) blood vessel diameter. C) turbulence. D) osmolarity of interstitial fluids. E) blood viscosity.
D
Type A blood has ________ antibodies in the blood plasma. Question options: A) anti-O B) anti-Rh C) anti-D D) anti-B E) anti-A
D
Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics? Question options: A) RBCs have the Rh positive antigens and the anti-D plasma antibodies. B) RBCs have the A antigen and the plasma has the anti-B antibody. C) RBCs have no surface antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma. D) RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies. E) RBCs have the A and the B surface antigens and the plasma has anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
D
Venous valves are responsible for Question options: A) channeling blood away from the heart. B) regulating blood pressure in veins. C) preventing anterograde flow. D) channeling blood toward the heart. E) preventing blood from re-entering a ventricle.
D
What are the layers of blood vessels from outside to inside? Question options: A) tunica intima; tunica externa; tunica media B) tunica media; tunica externa; tunica interna C) tunica intima; tunica media; tunica externa D) tunica externa; tunica media; tunica interna E) tunica externa; tunica interna; tunica media
D
What is occurring in the left atrium at the circle labeled "2" on the graph? Question options: A) Left atrium is pressurizing the left ventricle. B) Left atrium is receiving pressure from the left ventricle. C) Left atrium is in diastole. D) Left atrium is in systole. E) Left atrial pressure is decreasing.
D
What occurs at the circle labeled "3" on the graph? Question options: A) atrial ejection B) isovolumetric relaxation C) atrial systole D) atrial diastole and ventricle systole E) ventricular ejection
D
What structure do RBCs move through single-file? Question options: A) arteriole B) vein C) venule D) capillary E) artery
D
When carotid and aortic baroreceptors reduce their output, Question options: A) heart rate decreases. B) heart rate increases. C) stroke volume increases. D) both heart rate and stroke volume increase. E) the heart rate will decrease to lower blood pressure
D
Which of the following are involved in the pulmonary circuit? Question options: A) superior vena cava, right atrium, left ventricle B) right ventricle, pulmonary veins, aorta C) inferior vena cava, right atrium, aorta D) right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left atrium E) left ventricle, pulmonary veins, right atrium
D
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor? Question options: A) kills bacteria using hydrogen peroxide B) helper cells are one type C) adheres to collagen beneath endothelium D) hormone that regulates white blood cell formation E) often elevated in allergic individuals
D
Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries? Question options: A) decreased plasma albumin B) increased tissue hydrostatic pressure C) increased blood hydrostatic pressure D) both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure E) increased plasma albumin and decreased blood hydrostatic pressure
D
Which of the following is a deep vein of the forearm? Question options: A) hemiazygos B) cephalic C) azygos D) radial E) basilic
D
Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow? Question options: A) viscosity of blood B) vessel length C) turbulence D) vascular resistance E) venous pressure
D
Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood? Question options: A) pulmonary arteries B) systemic arterioles C) capillaries D) veins E) arteries
D
Which valve(s) cusps open up toward the base of the heart? Question options: A) right AV and pulmonary valves B) right and left AV valves C) left AV and aortic valves D) aortic and pulmonary valves E) right AV, left AV, aortic and pulmonary valves
D
Which white blood cell is most effective against parasitic infections? Question options: A) neutrophils B) monoctyes C) lymphocytes D) eosinophils E) basophils
D
You have spent 24 hours traveling from the U.S to New Zealand, on quite a few airplanes with many stops. Because of the stress, changes in time zones, and short blocks of time between planes, you find yourself tired with a headache when you arrive. You are severely dehydrated. A hematocrit value of your blood would be ________ than normal because ________. Question options: A) lower; more red blood cells are being made by the bone marrow B) lower; you have less blood plasma volume C) lower; the bone marrow is making fewer red blood cells due to the latitude of the airplanes D) higher; you have less blood plasma volume E) higher; more plasma proteins are made by the liver
D
________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation. Question options: A) Erythroblasts B) Normoblasts C) Band cells D) Reticulocytes E) Myeloblasts
D
A sign of thrombocytopenia would be A) a drop in oxygen-carrying capacity. B) allergic reactions. C) bacterial infections. D) excessive clotting. E) bleeding.
E
A small white blood cell with a large round nucleus would be a Question options: A) monocyte. B) eosinophil. C) basophil. D) neutrophil. E) lymphocyte.
E
A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to Question options: A) cause clots to form faster. B) recruit neutrophils to an infection. C) recruit platelets to the area. D) initiate clot formation. E) cause clot dissolution to proceed faster.
E
A(n) ________ is a direct connection between an arteriole and a venule. Question options: A) collateralization B) arteriovenule joint C) arch D) arteriovenule junction E) arteriovenous anastomosis
E
After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the Question options: A) veins. B) arteries. C) arterioles. D) capillaries. E) venules.
E
After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ________ artery. Question options: A) digital B) ulnar C) radial D) brachial E) axillary
E
All of the following are functions of blood except Question options: A) regulating pH. B) defending against pathogens. C) transporting gases and hormones. D) regulating ion concentration. E) generating action potentials.
E
All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the Question options: A) spleen. B) heart. C) thymus. D) lymph tissue. E) red bone marrow.
E
An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery. Question options: A) azygos B) maxillary C) mental D) external carotid E) internal carotid
E
An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would result in Question options: A) renal anemia. B) increased sensitivity to vitamin K. C) pernicious anemia. D) decreased erythropoiesis. E) increased erythropoiesis.
E
Anti-D antibodies are present in the blood of Question options: A) all Rh positive individuals. B) all individuals with type AB blood. C) Rh positive individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen. D) all Rh negative individuals. E) Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen.
E
As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit Question options: A) fatigue. B) treppe. C) tonus. D) recruitment. E) tetany.
E
Blood is supplied to the muscular wall of the left atrium by the Question options: A) phrenic arteries. B) right coronary artery. C) brachiocephalic artery. D) pulmonary arteries. E) left coronary artery.
E
Blood pressure is determined by Question options: A) listening carefully to the pulse. B) measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle. C) estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel. D) measuring the size of the pulse. E) estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.
E
Branches off the aortic arch include the Question options: A) brachiocephalic trunk. B) left common carotid artery. C) left subclavian artery. D) left subclavian artery and left common carotid artery. E) brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, and left common carotid artery.
E
Compared to arteries, veins Question options: A) hold their shape better when cut. B) have a pleated endothelium. C) are rounder in a sectional cut. D) have more smooth muscle in their tunica media. E) have thinner walls.
E
During ventricular systole, the Question options: A) pressure in the aorta remains constant. B) blood is entering the ventricles. C) pressure in the ventricles remains constant. D) atria are contracting. E) AV valves are closed.
E
Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following except Question options: A) uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure. B) increased thirst and water intake. C) activation of aldosterone secretion. D) activation of ADH secretion. E) inhibition of EPO secretion.
E
Identify the structure labeled "22." Question options: A) carotid artery B) superior vena cava C) pulmonary veins D) pulmonary trunk E) aortic arch
E
If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, the Question options: A) cells will hyperpolarize. B) heart rate will decrease. C) cells will depolarize. D) heart rate will increase. E) heart rate will decrease and cells will hyperpolarize.
E
In mitral valve prolapse, the cusps of the mitral valve are pushed into the Question options: A) right ventricle. B) right atrium. C) left ventricle. D) aorta. E) left atrium.
E
In what vessel is blood pressure the highest? Question options: A) arteriole B) capillary C) vein D) venule E) artery
E
Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of Question options: A) smooth muscle cells. B) fibrocytes. C) epithelial cells. D) chondrocytes. E) cardiac muscle cells.
E
Near the carotid sinus, Question options: A) the aorta gives rise to the common carotids. B) veins and arteries anastomose. C) the external carotid forms the internal carotid. D) the internal carotids fuse with the vertebral arteries. E) the common carotid divides into an internal and an external branch.
E
Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called Question options: A) myeloblasts. B) lymphoblasts. C) normoblasts. D) erythroblasts. E) megakaryocytes.
E
Question options: A) brain B) kidney C) pancreas D) heart E) liver
E
Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone Question options: A) thymosin. B) thymopoietin. C) angiotensin. D) renin. E) erythropoietin
E
Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the Question options: A) liver. B) muscular arteries. C) venules. D) hepatic portal vein. E) lymphatic system.
E
Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of Question options: A) anemia. B) acidosis. C) thrombocytopenia. D) starvation. E) hemorrhage.
E
The ________ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta. Question options: A) pericardium B) mediastinum C) peritoneum D) pleura E) diaphragm
E
The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium. Question options: A) semilunar B) tricuspid C) pulmonic D) semicaval E) bicuspid
E
The brachial artery branches to form the radial and ________ arteries. Question options: A) axillary B) digital C) brachiocephalic D) subclavian E) ulnar
E
The brachiocephalic trunk delivers blood to Question options: A) the left arm. B) the left arm and neck. C) the right arm and neck. D) the right arm. E) the right arm, head and neck.
E
The coronary sinus drains the ________ into the ________. Question options: A) right atrium; right ventricle B) cardiac vein; right ventricle C) coronary arteries; left ventricle D) interventricular artery; left ventricle E) cardiac veins; right atrium
E
The coronary sulcus is a groove that Question options: A) marks the boundary line between the right and left ventricles. B) marks the boundary line between the right and left atria. C) separates the coronary arteries from the coronary veins. D) separates the atrioventricular valves from the atria. E) marks the border between the atria and ventricles.
E
The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to Question options: A) papillary muscles. B) coronary sulci. C) trabeculae carneae. D) interatrial septa. E) chordae tendineae.
E
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure. Question options: A) critical closing B) mean arterial C) blood D) circulatory E) pulse
E
The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries. Question options: A) carotid B) pulmonary C) circumflex D) subclavian E) coronary
E
The function of hemoglobin is to Question options: A) carry bicarbonate ion. B) aid in the process of blood clotting. C) produce antibodies. D) stimulate erythropoiesis. E) carry dissolved blood gases.
E
The most abundant component of plasma is Question options: A) nutrients. B) gases. C) ions. D) proteins. E) water.
E
The most common blood type is Question options: A) type AO. B) type A. C) type B. D) type AB. E) type O.
E
The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in Question options: A) both the left and right ventricles. B) the wall of the left ventricle. C) the atrioventricular node. D) the Purkinje fibers. E) the sinoatrial node.
E
The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in Question options: A) the Purkinje fibers. B) both the left and right ventricles. C) the wall of the left ventricle. D) the atrioventricular node. E) the sinoatrial node.
E
The process of red blood cell production is called Question options: A) erythropenia. B) erythrocytosis. C) hematopenia. D) hemocytosis. E) erythropoiesis.
E
The pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________. Question options: A) deoxygenated; left atrium B) oxygenated; right lung C) deoxygenated; right atrium D) deoxygenated; superior vena cava E) oxygenated; left atrium
E
The regulation of blood flow by local mechanisms within a capillary bed is called Question options: A) vasoregulation. B) hormonal regulation. C) hemoregulation. D) neuroregulation. E) autoregulation.
E
The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the Question options: A) cardiac output. B) cardiac reserve. C) end-systolic volume. D) end-diastolic volume. E) stroke volume.
E
These structures keep the aortic valve cusps from sticking to the wall of the aorta. Question options: A) auricles B) chordae tendineae C) papillary muscles D) pectinate muscles E) aortic sinuses
E
Thick projections of muscle in the ventricles that anchor chordae tendineae are called Question options: A) conus arteriosus. B) trabeculae carneae. C) pectinate muscles. D) auricles. E) papillary muscles.
E
Total peripheral resistance is affected primarily by Question options: A) blood viscosity. B) turbulence. C) venous pressure. D) blood vessel length. E) blood vessel diameter.
E
Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel? Question options: A) capillary B) arteriole C) venule D) artery E) vein
E
Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits Question options: A) increased body stores of sodium ions. B) polycythemia. C) decreased blood volume. D) increased blood pressure. E) both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ions.
E
Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel? Question options: A) artery B) capillary C) vein D) venule E) arteriole
E
Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue? Question options: A) internal elastic membrane B) external elastic membrane C) tunica intima D) tunica externa E) tunica media
E
Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of platelets? Question options: A) produce antibodies in response to antigens B) helper cells are one type C) kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide D) often elevated in allergic individuals E) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium
E
Which of the following equations shows the correct relation between blood flow (F), pressure (P), and resistance (R)? Question options: A) F = P - R B) F = P + R C) P = (F × R) × 4 D) F = R/P E) F = P/R
E
Which of the following is true of capillaries compared to other vessels? Question options: A) Blood pressure and cross-sectional area are lowest. B) Cross-sectional area is lowest and velocity is highest. C) Blood pressure is highest and velocity is lowest. D) Blood pressure and velocity are highest. E) Cross-sectional area is highest and velocity is lowest.
E
Which of the following is true regarding red blood cells? A) They have a biconvex shape. B) They are produced in the spleen. C) They survive for approximately one year. D) They primarily carry carbon dioxide. E) They are anucleate.
E
Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space? Question options: A) Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary. B) Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space. C) The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure. D) The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement. E) The net filtration pressure is usually zero.
E
Which of the following statements is true concerning differences between the right and left ventricles? Question options: A) The right ventricle pumps with more force compared to the left. B) The left ventricles pumps twice as much blood as the right ventricle. C) The right ventricles pumps blood to the body, whereas the left ventricle pumps blood to the lungs. D) The right ventricle is conical-shaped while the left ventricle is half-moon shaped. E) The efficiency of the right ventricle is increased by the left ventricle because the wall of the left ventricle pushes into the right ventricle.
E
Which of the following statements is true regarding cardiac muscle? Question options: A) Its main source of ATP production is glycogen. B) Cardiac muscle preferentially metabolizes anaerobically. C) Cardiac muscle goes into sustained contractions faster than skeletal muscle. D) The actin and myosin myofilaments are not arranged in sarcomeres. E) There are specialized gap junctions in cardiac muscle not found in skeletal or smooth muscles.
E
Which of the following would cause stroke volume to increase? Question options: A) when venous return is decreased B) when ventricular contraction is reduced C) decrease in heart rate D) decreased sympathetic stimulation E) drugs that stimulate beta-1 receptors
E
White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the Question options: A) platelets. B) monocytes. C) neutrophils. D) lymphocytes. E) eosinophils.
E
You have type B positive blood. What are all the types of packed RBCs you can receive? Question options: A) A positive and B positive B) B positive and B negative C) O positive and O negative D) A positive and A negative E) B positive, B negative, O positive, O negative
E
________ is when the heart can't maintain adequate cardiac output. Question options: A) Coronary heart disease B) Murmur C) Flutter D) Fibrillation E) Heart failure
E
