Bio 230 Test 2: Ch. 9

An SNP found in the conserved sequence of the regulatory region of a gene is likely to a. affect protein folding. b. affect when and where the gene is expressed. c. be a new mutation. d. be found in plants as well as humans.

b. affect when and where the gene is expressed.

a. A mutation that deletes 50% of a pseudogene. b. A mutation that changes the CCC codon to the CCT codon in a protein-coding gene. c. A mutation that changes the TCC codon to the AGT codon in a protein-coding gene. d. A mutation that changes the TAT codon to the TAG codon in a protein-coding gene.

d. A mutation that changes the TAT codon to the TAG codon in a protein-coding gene.

Which of the following functions do you NOT expect to find in the set of genes found in all organisms on Earth? a. DNA replication b. DNA repair c. protein production d. RNA splicing

d. RNA splicing

You isolate a pathogenic strain of E. coli from a patient and discover that this E. coli strain is resistant to an antibiotic. Common laboratory strains of E. coli are not resistant to this antibiotic, nor are any other previously isolated pathogenic E. coli strains. However, such resistance has been observed in other bacteria in the hospital in which the patient was treated. This newly discovered antibiotic resistance in E. coli is most likely due to a. a mutation within a gene. b. a mutation within the regulatory DNA of a gene. c. gene duplication. d. horizontal gene transfer.

d. horizontal gene transfer.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. A mutation that arises in a mother's somatic cell often causes a disease in her daughter. b. All mutations in an asexually reproducing single-celled organism are passed on to the progeny. c. In an evolutionary sense, somatic cells exist only to help propagate germ-line cells. d. A mutation is passed on to offspring only if it is present in the germ line.

a. A mutation that arises in a mother's somatic cell often causes a disease in her daughter.

Which of the following statements about pseudogenes is FALSE? a. All pseudogenes code for microRNAs. b. Pseudogenes share significant nucleotide similarity with functional genes. c. Pseudogenes are no longer expressed as a protein product. d. There are approximately 11,000 pseudogenes in the human genome.

a. All pseudogenes code for microRNAs.

You discover that the underlying cause of a disease is a protein that is now less stable than the non-disease-causing version of the protein. This change is most likely to be due to a. a mutation within a gene. b. a mutation within the regulatory DNA of a gene. c. gene duplication. d. horizontal gene transfer.

a. a mutation within a gene.

The average size of a protein in a human cell is about 430 amino acids, yet the average gene in the human genome is 27,000 nucleotide pairs long. Explain.

Each amino acid is made up by 3 nucleotide sequences that give reason for 1290 nucleotides. The rest are probably noncoding introns that undergo splicing to form a mature mRNA to be translated.

Match the type of phenotypic change below with the type of genetic change most likely to cause it. Each type of genetic change may be used more than once, or may not be used at all.Types of genetic change:A. mutation within a geneB. gene duplicationC. mutation in a regulatory regionD. exon shufflingE. horizontal gene transferPhenotypic changes:1. A protein normally localized in the nucleus is now localized in the cytoplasm. _________2. A protein acquires a DNA-binding domain.3. Tandem copies of a gene are found in the genome. _________4. A copy of a bacterial gene is now found integrated on a human chromosome. _________5. A protein becomes much more unstable.6. A protein normally expressed only in the liver is now expressed in blood cells. ________

1. A 2. D 3. B 4. E 5. A 6. C

Which of the following statements about homologous genes is TRUE? a. For protein-coding genes, homologous genes will show more similarity in their amino acid sequences than in their nucleotide sequences. b. Fewer than 1% of human genes have homologs in the nematode and the fruit fly. c. Most homologous genes arose by gene duplication. d. A gene in humans that has homologs in plants and prokaryotes will show the same level of similarity in nucleotide sequence when the human and prokaryotic sequences are compared as when the human and chimpanzee sequences are compared.

a. For protein-coding genes, homologous genes will show more similarity in their amino acid sequences than in their nucleotide sequences.

Given this information, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. These are all highly related species, because the sequence divergence between the most divergent species is 3%. b. Species M is as closely related to species G as it is to species J. c. Species N is more closely related to the last common ancestor of all of these species than to any of the other species shown in the diagram. d. Species G and H are as closely related to each other as species J and K are to each other.

b. Species M is as closely related to species G as it is to species J.

Which of the following statements about the human genome is FALSE? a. About 50% of the human genome is made up of mobile genetic elements. b. More of the human genome comprises intron sequences than exon sequences. c. About 1.5% of the human genome codes for exons. d. Only the exons are conserved between the genomes of humans and other mammals.

c. About 1.5% of the human genome codes for exons.