BIO 265 Module 2:10-18 Blood

A clot forms on the walls of a person's blood vessels, which is known as a(n)___________. It eventually breaks free from the wall and circulates in the blood. This clot that freely circulates in the blood is called a(n) _________. A) thrombus:embolus B) fibrin clot: thrombus C) thrombus: fibrin clot D) embolus: thrombus

A

Active platelets release ADP and thromboxane into the bloodstream. Once released ADP and thromboxane: A) activate other platelets by binding to them. B) activates the intrinsic pathway of clot formation. C) act as chemoattractants to other platelets. D) form a bridge between exposed collagen and other platelets.

A

The formation of platelets A) comes from megakaryocytes B) is a result of white blood cell breakdown C) takes place in the spleen D) all of the above

A

The pathways to activation of the clotting factors are so named based on the location of the chemicals in relation to the blood that initiate the activation. A) TRUE B) FALSE

A

Vitamin K is needed for A) proper clotting factor function. B) directly stabilizing the fibrin polymer. C) activating antithrombin III. D) directly activating fibrinogen.

A

Which vitamin is necessary for many of the clotting factors? A) K B) B C) A D) D

A

A platelet plug A) occurs with a high hematocrit B) occurs with damage to the blood vessels and can seal small breaks C) occurs in conjunction with aneurysms D) occurs when there are too many platelets in circulation

B

Coagulation A) is another name for platelet plug B) is another name for blood clotting C) is the first step in hemostasis D) all of the above

B

Fibrin A) activates the protein fibrinogen B) forms the fibrous network of the clot C) is soluble in plasma D) all of the above

B

Plasma is ______________ while formed elements are ______________. A) lacking in protein; regulators of blood osmolality. B) the liquid portion of blood; the cells. C) the cellular portion of blood; acellular components. D) mostly protein; the matrix. E) a blood gas; blood clots.

B

The majority of the clotting factors A) are made by the kidney and located in the connective tissue surrounding the blood vessels B) are found within the plasma and contribute to the ultimate formation of fibrin C) are required to form the platelet plug D) all of the answers are correct

B

The process that dissolves a formed clot is: A) agglutination B) fibrinolysis C) clotolysis D) coagulation

B

What is not true about platelets and their function? A) They express glycoproteins on their surface, which allow them to attach to other molecules. B) They adhere to a damaged blood vessel through thromboxane, which forms a bridge between exposed collagen of the blood vessel wall and the platelets. C) They form plugs that seal holes in small vessels. D) They promote the formation and contraction of clots that help seal larger wounds.

B

Which of the following is NOT a step in the formation of a platelet plug? A) platelets bind to collagen exposed by damage and cause platelet adhesion B) platelets release chemicals that subsequently breakdown the platelet plug C) platelets change shape and bind to fibrinogen, forming platelet aggregation D) there is a platelet release reaction where the platelets release chemicals to activate additional platelets

B

Which statement is NOT true regarding clotting factors? A) they are also called coagulation factors. B) they are activated by Von Willebrand factor when blood vessel injury occurs. C) to become activated, clotting factors depend on calcium and molecules like phospholipids D) unless activated by an injury, they are inactive.

B

Antithrombin A) is produced by the kidney B) works to breakdown fibrin C) slowly inactivates thrombin D) all of the above

C

Damage to tissues stimulates the activation of the ______________ blood clotting pathway. A) intrinsic B) hemophilic C) extrinsic D) complement

C

Hemostasis A) is the process of creating formed elements B) is the body's way of balancing the blood C) is the process of the stoppage of bleeding D) none of the above

C

Hydrolyzing fibrin is preformed by: A) ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) B) thrombin C) plasmin D) thromboxane

C

The exposed collagen of damaged blood vessels is connected to platelets through: A) thrombane B) fibrinogen C) von Willebrand factor D) thromboxane

C

The intrinsic pathway activation sequence begins A) with the release of thromboplastin by damaged tissues B) with the activation of thrombin (an enzyme) once tissue has been damaged C) with the contact of exposed collagen and factor XII at the site of blood vessel damage D) all of the above must occur for the intrinsic pathway activation to begin

C

A vascular spasm A) is the immediate constriction of a blood vessel when smooth muscle within the wall contracts B) is activated by the reflexes in the nervous system due to damage C) can completely close small vessels and stop the blood flow D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

Platelet aggregation occurs when: A) platelets release ADP and thromboxane. B) platelets bind to the collagen surface of damaged blood vessels. C) platelets are trapped within blood vessels during vascular spasm. D) platelets bind to fibrinogen through fibrinogen receptors.

D

Prostacyclins A) are produced by endothelial cells B) conteracts the effects of thrombin C) causes vasodilation and inhibits platelet release of clotting factors D) all of the above

D

The clot breaks down by A) the process of plasminolysis B) after 7-10 days C) forming inactive fibrinogen so repleshing of the clot doesn't occur D) none of the above

D

The common pathway of clot formation begins with A) Factor VII migrating into the blood B) the creation of the enzyme thrombin C) the formation of fibrin D) the production of activated factor X

D

Thrombocytes A) is another term for platelets B) are cell fragments, not cells C) are a portion of the plasma D) a and b E) b and c F) all of the above

D

Which anticoagulant(s) inactivates thrombin? A) antithrombin B) heparin C) prostacyclin D) antithrombin and heparin E) antithrombin and prostacyclin

D

Why must clot formation be controlled? A) small amounts of thrombin are constantly being created B) may initiate through the entire system of a healthy individual C) rough areas of vessels may stimulate clot formation D) all of the above

D