BIO 321 Ch 8 All Questions

Cells that differentiate into blood cells (hematopoietic cells) are considered multipotent stem cells because... These cells can give rise to multiple cell types. They give rise to differentiated cells as well as replace themselves with cells that maintain their multipotent state. These cells found within bone marrow (stroma cells provide the niche) can reconstitute a complete set of blood cells when transplanted in individuals whose own bone marrow has been destroyed. All of the above.

All of the above.

Which of the following is NOT associated with terminal differentiation?

Differentiated cells are highly proliferative

Which of the following is true of epigenetic control?

It does not refer to changes in the DNA nucleotide sequence

Which of the following is true of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?

It is used to produce animal clones

Which of the following is NOT true of the MyoD protein?

Mouse knock-outs lacking MyoD function do not develop skeletal muscle

Induced pluripotent stem cells alleviate some of the logistical and ethical issues associated with using embryonic stem cells, and they can be produced by inducing expression of which transcription factors in adult mouse fibroblast cells with the use of retroviral vectors? [First discovered by S.Yamanaka's lab in Japan in 2006 and refined since then]

Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc

Which statement below is true? The down stream gene transcription activation of a paracrine or endocrine cell signal is the same in all cells. Wnt and FGF stimulate changes in gene expression by binding to their receptors in the nucleus. Paracrine factors can stimulate changes in gene expression by binding to their receptors on cell membranes, while steroid hormones stimulate changes in gene expression by binding to their receptors found in the nucelus. Paracrine factors can stimulate changes in gene expression by binding to their receptors in the nucleus, while steroid hormones stimulate changes in gene expression by binding to their receptors found on cell membranes.

Paracrine factors can stimulate changes in gene expression by binding to their receptors on cell membranes, while steroid hormones stimulate changes in gene expression by binding to their receptors found in the nucelus.

While the induction of stem cells and differentiation of specific cell type progenitors in the lab has obvious applications to regenerative medicine (e.g., cell replacement therapy), there are potential negative health outcomes to such therapies, such as...

Production of cancers, such as teratomas

Which of the following surrounds a stem cell and maintains its proliferative state and self-renewal capabilities?

Stem-cell niche

What might be the result of producing a mouse knock-out for G-CFS? a) The mouse would be unable to make granulocytes b) The mouse would be unable to make macrophages c) The mouse would lack red blood cells d) The mouse would lose its hematopoietic stem cell population completely

a) The mouse would be unable to make granulocytes

The many different cell types in the blood of an adult mammal are derived from: a) a single type of multipotent stem cell found in the bone marrow b) differentiated cells that first developed in the fetal liver, but now reside in the bone marrow c) division of differentiated cell types while circulating in the blood d) stem cells that became committed to each specific blood cell type during embryonic development

a) a single type of multipotent stem cell found in the bone marrow

The stem cells responsible for renewal of the keratinocytes of the skin are found in which layer of the epidermis? a) basal lamina b) basal layer c) dermis d) keratinocyte layer

b) basal layer

ES cells are: a) cells isolated from teratocarcinomas b) embryonic stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of the mammalian embryo c) epidermal stem cells found in the basal layer of the epidermis d) human stem cells generated by treatment of mature cell types with a specific combination of transcription factors

b) embryonic stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of the mammalian embryo

What are satellite cells? a) Circulating cells 'orbiting' in the blood b) Muscle stem cells c) muscle-associated support cells, much as glial cells are neuron-associated support cells d) neuronal stem cells

b) muscle stem cells

EpiSCs are: a) Epidermal stem cells derived from the embryonic epidermis b) Stem cells derived from reprogramming which are different from embryonic stem cells c) Embryonic stem cells derived from the embryonic epiblast d) Epidermal cells committed for tissue repair

c) Embryonic stem cells derived from the embryonic epiblast

Which of the following cocktails of transcription factors, aka Yamanaka factors, can be used to generate iPS cells? a) Oct4, Nanog, Smad, and Cdx2 b) Gata4, Nanog, Gli, and Cdx2 c) Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and Myc d) OCt4, Sox2, Gata4, and Rb

c) Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and Myc

The introduction of myoD into fibroblasts will cause: a) apoptosis b) commitment to the myeloid lineage c) differentiation into muscle cells d) formation of red blood cells

c) differentiation into muscle cells

Differentiation as opposed to determination of muscle cells is dependent on: a) Mrf4 b) Myf5 c) MyoD d) myogenin

d) myogenin

If the lens of the eye is removed in the adult, which of the following organisms can produce a new lens by transdifferentiation of iris cells? a) chicken b) human c) mouse d) newt

d) newt

From which group of cells are embryonic stem cells derived in the mammals?

inner cell mass of the blastocyst

Which of the following is the DNA control region that regulates globin-gene switching during development?

locus control region

Epidermal skin stem cells reside within the basal layer of the epidermis, just above the basement membrane and the dermis. What is the stem cell niche for these particular stem cells?

the basement membrane

The epithelial lining of the small intestine is exposed to a harsh environment and undergoes continuous cell loss. In which region of the small intestine do stem cells reside?

the crypt