BIO 401 Quiz 5

Approximately what percentage of the total marine environment has been included in protected areas?

1%

Approximately what percentage of the world's land surface has been set aside in some kind of protected natural area (IUCN categories I-VI)?

10-15%

When conservation biologists refer to a "gap species", what do they mean?

A species that is not currently included in any nature reserves.

The United States contains one of the world's largest marine protected areas (MPAs). Where is it located?

Hawaii

Rank the following types of federally-managed lands in terms of their utility for protecting biodiversity, according to the IUCN system for classifying protected areas. (Rank them from highest utility to lowest utility.) I. National Forest (without wilderness) II. National Park III. National Wildlife Refuge IV. Wilderness Area

IV, II, III, I

6 (7) Categories of IUCN Protected Area Designation

Ia/Ib. Strict nature Reserves- managed for science or wilderness II. National Parks- managed primarily for ecosystem protection and recreation III. Natural Monuments- managed primarily for conservation of specific natural features IV. Habitat/Species management areas- managed for conservation through active intervention V. Protected landscapes and seascapes- managed for cultural and scenic integrity, conservation, recreation, human settlements and agricultural areas are accommodated VI. Managed-resource protected areas- managed primarily for the sustainable use of ecosystems

In Figure 16.3 (p. 373), which of the following statements is most true for Rocky Mountain National Park?

Its rate of mammal extinction is far lower than expected for a park its size.

Why did the authors use a multi-taxon approach to quantify biodiversity?

No individual taxon did a good job of protecting the diversity of the other taxa.

From 2002-2006, the government of Madagascar increased the amount of protected area from 2.9% to 6.3% of the country's total land area. How well did this "actual solution" protect biodiversity, compared to the "optimized solution" generated for this paper?

The "actual solution" omitted more than 25% of the species that were included in the "optimized solution."

The Bald Eagle is a high priority for conservation in the USA because it is our national symbol. It is therefore an example of...

a flagship species

Which of the following statements about corridors is NOT true (chose the 1 best answer). a. Studies have shown that corridors must be at least 100m wide to be useful. b. All of the other statements are true. c. Corridors likely facilitate seasonal migratory movements between patches. d. Corridors might facilitate transmission of harmful diseases and parasites among patches. e. Corridors likely facilitate re-establishment of extirpated populations in some patches. Feedback

a. Studies have shown that corridors must be at least 100m wide to be useful.

According to the textbook, the total area of protected natural areas is about the same as the total area of agricultural lands worldwide. Although this seems like a fair comparison, why is it misleading? Select one: a. Many of the protected natural areas have very little biodiversity. b. Some of the "protected" areas are not actually enforced or managed, so they actually provide little real-world protection. c. The protected areas includes large marine reserves, whereas the agricultural areas are all on land. d. A and B e. A, B, and C

d. A and B

How do areas set aside for managed resources (such as timber production) benefit biodiversity conservation? Select one: a. They are usually larger than other types of protected areas. b. They usually contain most (if not all) their original species c. They are often adjacent to other protected areas d. both A and B e. A, B and C

e. A, B and C

Which of the following criteria are commonly used to set conservation priorities for species and ecosystems? Select one: a. Usefulness or value to humans b. Endangerment (degree of threat or loss) c. Distinctiveness or uniqueness d. Both A and B e. A, B, and C

e. A, B, and C

Which of the following sentences best summarizes the key idea of the paper's first paragraph? Select one: a. The idea of global hotspots of diversity, endemism and threat remains controversial. b. There is still significant scientific debate about what regions of the globe should be the highest priority for conservation. c. Now that it is clear how to find specific areas of high conservation priority, the trick is to acquire enough resources to actually protect them. d. Overharvesting, invasive species and habitat destruction are widespread in Africa. e. Scientists generally agree about what regions of the globe should be high priority for conservation, but there is not consensus about how to determine specific priority sites within these regions.

e. Scientists generally agree about what regions of the globe should be high priority for conservation, but there is not consensus about how to determine specific priority sites within these regions.

An area with a particularly high concentration of species, especially if they are endangered or of multiple taxa, is called a

hotspot

Which of the following is NOT one of "the four Rs" of optimizing biodiversity protection? a. restoration b. redundancy c. representation d. resiliency e. reality

restoration

The "SLOSS Debate" was an important debate among conservation biologists. What was the major issue in this debate?

whether biodiversity would be better protected in several small reserves or one large reserve.