Bio c4- General Bio edition

A chemical reaction that uses ATP to build cellular components is

Anabolic

_____________ reactions release energy by breaking down complex molecules.

Catabolic

What should the arrow in the following equation be labeled? Sugar oxygen ->carbon dioxide water ATP.

Cellular respiration

What is the importance of photosynthesis to organisms other than plants?

Photosynthesis captures energy that other organisms access when they eat either plants or organisms that eat plants

Plants and animals use different energy storage molecules, yet they both use the same mechanism to "burn" their stored energy. How can plants and animals both be successful, even though they "burn" different energy storage molecules?

The breaking of the chemical bonds of a storage molecule transfers energy, no matter what molecule is stored

Which of the following is a similarity between photosynthesis and respiration?

They are both metabolic processes

The image below diagrams the action of an enzyme. Notice that the enzyme is depicted as being more tightly wrapped around the substrates in step 2 than it is in step 1. Why is this?

When a substrate locks into the active site of the enzyme, the enzyme changes shape to mold itself around the substrates

Chemical reactions that break down lipids are

catabolic

Some kinds of drain cleaners use enzymes rather than strong, more dangerous chemicals. These enzymes must be able to

catalyze a catabolic reaction

The first law of thermodynamics states that

energy cannot be created nor destroyed

The energy required for life processes must be extracted from an organism's

environment

In the reaction H20 CO2 carbonic anhydrase -> H HCO3 carbonic anhydrase, carbonic anhydrase is a(n)

enzyme

A given enzyme

increases the rate of a particular reaction

The capture and use of energy by living organisms involves numerous chemical reactions. Collectively these processes are known as

metabolism

In a human cell,

nearly all chemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes

In the reaction C6H12O6 6O2 -> 6CO2 6H2), the 6CO2 molecules are some of the

products

Carbon dioxide is one product of a metabolic process, which occurs in both plants and animals. This process is called

respiration

Photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical bonds by forming

sugars

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both complementary and relatively balanced, but early history of life on Earth showed increasing oxygen concentrations. This indicates that

the amount of photosynthesis occurring exceeded the amount of cellular respiration

The illustration below indicates that photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both complementary and balanced. An excess of sugars produced fossil fuels like coal and petroleum; this suggest that in the past,

the amount of photosynthesis occurring exceeded the amount of cellular respiration

In many organelles, groups of different enzymes are located on membranes in close proximity to each other because

these enzymes are involved in the same metabolic pathway and keeping them closer together increases the efficiency of the pathway

Enzymes can catalyze a reaction only if

they encounter a substrate that fits their active site