Bio Ch. 10 Quiz

Describe the process by which the information in a eukaryotic gene is transcribed and translated into a protein. Correctly use these words in your description: tRNA, amino acid, start codon, transcription, RNA splicing, exons, introns, mRNA, gene, codon, RNA polymerase, ribosome, translation, anti-codon, peptide bond, stop codon.

A gene is the polynucleotide sequence with information for making one polypeptide. Each codon-a triplet of bases in DNA or RNA-codes for one amino acid. Transcription occurs when RNA polymerase produces RNA using one strand of DNA as a template. In prokaryotic cells, the RNA transcript may immediately serve as mRNA. In eukaryotic cells, the RNA is processed: A cap and tail are added, and RNA splicing removes introns and links exons together to form a continuous coding sequence. Each folded tRNA with a complementary anticodon pairs with each codon, adding its amino acid to the polypeptide chain. The amino acids are linked by peptide bonds. Translation stops at the stop codon, and the finished polypeptide is released. The polypeptide folds to form a functional protein, sometimes in combination with other polypeptides.

The nucleotide sequence of a DNA codon is GTA. A messenger RNA molecule with a complementary codon is transcribed from DNA. In the process of protein synthesis, a transfer RNA pairs with the mRNA codon. What is the nucleotide sequence of the tRNA molecule

GUA

Describe the process of DNA replication: the ingredients needed, the steps in the process, and the final product.

Ingredients: Original DNA, nucleotides, several enzymes and other proteins, including DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. Steps: Original DNA strands separate at a specific (origin of replication), free nucleotides hydrogen-bond to each strand according to base pairing rules, and DNA polymerase covalently bonds the nucleotides to form new strands. New nucleotides are added only to the 3' end of a growing strand. One new strand is made in one continuous piece; the other new strand is made in a series of short pieces that are then joined by DNA ligase. Product: Two identical DNA molecules, each with one old strand and one new strand.

Scientists have discovered how to put together a bacteriophage with the protein coat of phage T2 and the DNA of phage lambda. If this composite phage were allowed to infect a bacterium, the phages produced in the host cell would have_____

The protein and DNA of lambda

Which of the following correctly ranks the structures in order of size from largest to smallest

chromosome-gene-codon-nucleotide

A geneticist found that a particular mutation had no effect on the polypeptide encoded by a gene. This mutation probably involved

substitution of one nucleotide