bio ch 6 practice

The organelle that is a plant cell's compartment for the storage of inorganic ions such as potassium and chloride is the __________.

central vacuole

Animal cells have unique organelles called __________ that are composed of structures called __________.

centrosomes; centrioles

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?

cilia

The network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in a cell __________.

cytoskeleton

Capsule

dense and well-defined layer of polysaccharide or protein that surrounds the cell and enables it to adhere to substrates or other cells.

Nucleus

eukaryotic organelle that contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes, made up of chromatin.

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________.

have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

Observing a fluorescent micrograph cell with intermediate filaments would help you identify the cell as a __________.

human skin cell

The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________.

in the rough ER and the golgi apparatus

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Cells are small because

of the geometric relationships between surface and volume

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

ribosomes

Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?

ribosomes, rough ER, smooth ER

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to __________.

secrete a lot of protein

Which of the following is false in respect to cells' chromosomes?

Chromosomes only appear as a cell is about to divide.

Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true?

Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.

__________ are membrane-bound metabolic compartments that specialize in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its conversion to water.

Peroxisomes

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

The extracellular matrix of the animal cell has all of the following molecular components except __________.

middle lamella

The endosymbiont theory explains the origins of __________.

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following?

motor proteins

Microfilaments function in cell motility including __________.

muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants

The endoplasmic reticulum is part of the endomembrane system, which also includes the __________.

nuclear envelope, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles

The region of a bacterial cell that contains the genetic material is called the __________.

nucleoid

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.

plasma membrane

Cell junctions in plant cells are called __________, and communicating junctions in animal cells are called __________.

plasmodesmata; gap junctions

nucleolus

structure in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell that consists of chromosomal regions containing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes along with ribosomal proteins imported from the cytoplasm for ribosomal subunit assembly.

Evidence that supports the prokaryotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts are all of the following except __________.

that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of linear DNA molecules associated with their inner membranes

Nucleosome

the basic bead-like unit of DNA packing in eukaryotes.

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

they are bound together by tight junctions

The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is __________.

to synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins

Cell motility, which includes changes both in cell location and in the movement of cell parts, requires interactions of the cytoskeleton __________.

with motor proteins