BIO CH12

Albinism is inherited condition in which the pigment _________ is not produced due to the lack of enzyme ________

Melanin Tyrosinase

Segregation of alleles occurs during what process?

Mitosis

Hemophillia

inability of blood to clot properly

Match the following blood type genotypes with phenotypes: IA i IB IB i i IA IB

Type A Type B Type O Type AB

How many potential phenotypes can result from a dihybrid cross when the traits assort independently from each other?

4

How many potential phenotypes can result from a dihybrid cross when the traits assort independently from one another?

4

The ratio is obtained in the F2 generation of a dihybrid cross when alleles assort independently from one another

9:3:3:1

Mendel's observation supported the independent ______ hypothesis

Assortment

When the interaction of genes alters genetic ratios, this is called _________

Epistasis

Regarding the phenotypes in a monohybrid cross, the F1 heterozygotes display:

1 traist

What are environmental effects on phenotypes?

1) The amount of sunlight experienced by a sunflower affects the number of seeds produced 2) The number of seeds eaten by a bird affects its weight

Which of the following are the components of Mendel's five-element model (please note the answers use the modern term gene instead of factor)

1. Two alleles remain discrete 2. Parents transmit genes to offspring 3. Alternative forms of genes are called alleles 4. Each individual receives one copy of each gene from each parent 5. The presence of an allele doesn't ensure that it will be expressed

In a certain plant, fruit color is affected by an epistatic interaction between two genes. The fruit is red and the presence of at least one dominant allele of either or both gene A or gene B, and white when there are no dominant alleles present. What proportion of the offspring of a cross of AaBb x AaBb plants is expected to be red?

15/16

How many possible allele combinations (consider all combinations, even those that are identical) are produced in the offspring of a heterozygous parents in a dihybrid cross?

16

Each individual carries _____ alleles of a given gene that will segregate from each other during gamete formation.

2

When performing a monohybrid cross, Mendel noticed that not all individuals in the F1 generation were true breeding. What proportion were not?

2/3 of the F1 individuals exhibiting the dominant form were not true breeding.

What was the ratio that Mendel observed between dominant and recessive traits in the F2 offspring of a monohybrid cross?

3 dominant and 1 recessive

Polydactyl

Extra toes or fingers

Phenotypes of sugar exhibited on blood types: Blood type A Blood type B Blood type AB Blood type O

A: Has galactosamine B: Has galactose AB: Has both galactosamine and galactose O: Has neither sugars

Assuming independent assortment, which of the following are examples of gametes produced by an AaBb individual?

AB ab

What would be an example of a testcross?

AaBb x aabb There has to be a homozygous recessive trait in them.

The trait for round (R) peas is dominant over the trait wrinkled (r) peas. Predict the phenotypes of the offspring if true-breeding round peas are crossed with true-breeding wrinkled peas

All offspring will have round peas

When continuous traits are graphed in the form of a histogram with the phenotype on the x-axis, and the frequency of individuals with that phenotype on the y-axis, a ________-shaped curve results.

Bell

The expression of two different alleles simultaneously in the heterozygous is called an __________

Co-dominance

In a typical monohybrid cross, all of the offspring in which generation will exhibit a single trait without blending?

F1

Sickle cell anemia

Defective hemoglobin

Huntington disease

Degeneration of the nervous system

A(n) _______ cross follows the simultaneous inheritance of two different traits

Dihybrid

In Mendels studies, he referred to factors that are passed intact from one generation to the next. We now know that these factors are actually ________

Genes

An individual's total set of alleles for a particular trait is called his/her

Genotype

The results of a testcross indicate that all of the offspring have a dominant phenotype. The genotype of the parent in question must be

Homozygous dominant

Pedigree analysis is typically used for studying:

Human traits that follow simple inheritance patterns

What can correctly describe the dominance and co-dominance in the ABO blood group system?

IA and IB are codominant IA and IB are dominant over i

If heterozygous parents are crossed, a 1:2:1 phenotypic ratio will be observed in the offspring when which of the following types of heredity is involved?

Incomplete dominance

If heterozygous parents are crossed, a 1:2:1 ratio will be observed in the offspring when which of the following of heredity is involved?

Incomplete dominance

A 9:3:3:1 ratio is obtained in the F2 generation of a dihybrid cross when alleles assort _______ from one another:

Independently

Albinism:

Lack of melanin pigmentation

What traits exhibits a dominant mode of inheritance?

Mid-digital hair Polydactyl Hypercholesterolemia

A cross in which only a single trait is considered is called an _________ cross or single factor cross

Monohybrid

In a ______ distribution, the values of a variable are distributed around a mean within a certain spread, which indicates the amount of variation in a variable.

Normal

Although he did not know it, Mendel's principle of segregation's scientific basis is meiosis. The second meiotic division produces gametes that contain

One homologous for each chromosome

This analysis is appropriate for studying traits: such as genetic diseases, that follow simple Mendelian patterns:

Pedigree

In Pea plants, the allele T codes for tall plants and the allele t codes for short plants. If a plant is short, this would be considered as a:

Phenotype

Sickle cell anemia is caused by a __________ allele because this mutation has more than one effect on the phenotype

Pleiotrophic

Human height is an example of a trait that has a continuous distribution of phenotypes. Human height is therefore an example of _______ inheritance.

Polygenic

A parent with a genotype of RrYy can produce which of the following gametes?

RR Rr RY Ry rY ry YY Yy yy

The ________ form of a trait is the one that is not expressed in the F1 generation of a monohybrid cross.

Recessive

In Mendel's experiment, he observed a 3:1 ratio between dominant and recessive traits in:

The F2 generation of monohybrid crosses

This law states that in a dihybrid cross, the segregation of different allele pairs are independent

The law of independent assortment

A punnett square has rows and columns which represent gametes made by males and females. At the intersection of each row and column we combine the corresponding gametes to produce the genotype of a potential __________

Zygote

A punnett square has rows and columns which represent gametes made by males and females. At the intersection of each row and column we combine the corresponding gametes to produce the genotype of a potential:

Zygote