BIO Chapter 1

Classification of Scientific Names

Binomial Nomenclature Carolous Linnaues First name is genus, second name is species

Levels of Organization

Biosphere- living things on Earth Ecosystem-plants and animals adapted to area Community-all living things in area Population-one type of living thing in area Organism-one living thing Organ System Tissue Cell-structure and function Organelle-working parts of cell Molecule Atom

Controlled Experiment

experimental group and control group independent variable-whats being tested dependent variable-whats being measured

Feedback Regulation

the product of a process, regulates that process

Classifying Diversity of Life (doctor king philip came over from german seas)

Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Domains of Life

Domain Bacteria and Archae-prokaryotes (single celled) Domain Eukarya-eukaryotes (multicellular) includes Plantae, Fungi, Animalia

Scientific Method

Observe Hypothesis Prediction Experiment Data Analysis Results

Properties of Life

Order Evolutionary Adaptation Regulation Reproduction Response to Environment Growth and Development Energy Processing

A change in which level of biological organization would probably have the farthest-reaching consequences? a)biosphere b)molecule c)organelle d)population e)organism

a)biosphere

Which could have occurred due to evolution? a)different kinds of algae having different kinds of chlorophyll b)DNA containing four bases c)populations including many individuals d)an individual's blood sugar varying over time

a)different kinds of algae having different kinds of chlorophyll

The many blood vessels in elephants' ears help them cool their bodies by radiating heat. Which statement about this radiated energy is accurate? a)The original source of the energy is the sun. b)The energy will be recycled through the ecosystem. c)The radiated energy will be trapped by predators of the elephants. d)More energy is radiated in cold conditions than in hot conditions. e)More energy is radiated at night than during the day.

a)the original source of the energy is the sun

Galapagos finches are good examples of a)the results of natural selection b)hierarchy c)communities d)chemical cycling

a)the results of natural selection

Negative Feedback

an end product of a process, slows down that process ex: cells breakdown of sugar generates chemical energy into ATP

Positive Feedback

an end product speeds up its own production ex: clotting of blood in response to an injury

Producers

anything capable of making its own food

Consumers

anything that has to feed on something else

Biological science cannot be done without a)evolution b)data c)hierarchy d)DNA e)communities

b)data

An experimental study is conducted to determine whether a new drug reduces high blood pressure. The change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure values of the participants represents the a)independent variable b)dependent variable c)hypothesis d)theory e)control group

b)dependent variable

Which correctly orders the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest? a)cells, organelles, organ system, community, ecosystems b)molecules, organism, population, communities, biosphere c)molecules, cells, tissues, ecosystems, communities d)organelles, cells, population, biosphere, ecosystems e)cells, organs, population, ecosystems, communities

b)molecules, organism, population, communities, biosphere

Imagine that you have just discovered a new multicellular microscopic organism in a pond. It is propelled by external cilia. What can you say about the evolutionary relationships of this organism? a)The presence of cilia shows that it is more closely related to Paramecium than to humans. b)The presence of cilia shows that it shares a common ancestor with Paramecium and humans. c)It is probably closely related to pond algae. d)It is probably most closely related to prokaryotes. e)The presence of cilia demonstrates the diversity, but not the unity, of life.

b)the presence of cilia shows that it shares a common ancestor with Paramecium and humans

Proteins

build and maintain cell carry out cell activities

Chloroplasts receiving instructions from the nucleus is an example from what biological organization? a)biosphere b)tissue c)organelle d)cell e)molecule

c)organelle

All of the gray squirrels that inhabit an oak forest is an example of a a)ecosystem b)biosphere c)community d)population

d)population

Which is not a unifying theme in biology? a)systems biology b)emergent properties c)inductive reasoning d)reductionism e)genomics

d)reductionism

Inductive Reasoning

data-->theory specific-->general specific observations to reach a general conclusion hypothesis

David and Karen Pfenning

designed field experiments to test Bates' mimicry hypothesis kingsnake that mimicked coral snakes coloration when predators were around were attacked less frequently only in range of coral snake

Which property is shared by living things but not with a rock? a)reproduction b)evolutionary adaptation c)energy processing d)regulation e)all of the above

e)all of the above

Which is not an example of biological interaction? a)Two species of finch compete for food. b)Information from the nucleus travels to a ribosome. c)Chlorophyll absorbs light. d)A bird lays an egg. e)none of the above

e)none of the above

Natural Selection

evolutionary adaptation environment selects certain traits among natural occuring traits in population

RNA

gene expressions DNA-transcribed to-RNA-translated to-Protein

Science, Technology and Socitey

goal of science-->to understand natural phenomena goal of technology-->apply scientific knowledge for specific purpose science and technology are interdependent

DNA

heritable material that directs cells activity genetic material in chromosomes substance of genes two chains arranged in double helix-allows it to store info blueprints for making proteins

Theory of Evolution

individuals with inherited traits that are best suited for environment will produce more healthy, fertile offspring

Gene Expression

information in gene is converted into cellular product

Transfer of Energy and Matter

input of energy from Sun makes life possible

Eukaryotic Cells

large nucleus enclosed in membrane

Evolution

living things are the modified descendants of common ancestors explanation for the unity and diversity of organisms

Cells

lowest level of structure that can perform all activities of life structure and function of living things enclosed by membrane that regulates passage of materials DNA as genetic info

Taxonomy

names and classifies species into a hierarchical order

Prokaryotic Cells

no nucleus no membrane-enclosed organelle simple and small

Henry Bates

proposed that mimics benefit when predators mistake them for harmful species

Data

recorded observations items of info on which the inquiry is based

Emergent Properties

results from arrangement and interaction of parts of a system needs all its parts to function

Charles Darwin

species showed evidence of "decent with modification" from common ancestors natural selection

Systems Biology

study of whole biological systems based on the interactions among the systems parts

Genomics

studying whole sets of genes of a species

Deductive Reasoning

theory-->data general-->specific observation may give rise to multiple hypothesis prediction

Genes

unit of inheritance that transmit info from parent to offspring encodes info necessary to build molecules

Scientific Theory

untested speculation broader than hypothesis general enough to generate new specific hypothesis that can be tested