BIO- Chapter 10
_____ splits water into 1/2 O2, H+, and e- .
A Photosystem II
Chlorophyll can be found in _____.
A and C
Chloroplast membrane vesicles are equilibrated in a simple solution of pH 5 . The solution is then adjusted to pH 8 . Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from these experimental conditions?
ATP will not be produced because there is no ADP and inorganic phosphate in the solution.
Drag the labels to the appropriate locations on the diagram of the thylakoid membrane.
Bottom Left Red Box: Site of H+ release First Blue Box:H+ pumped across membrane Third/Last Blue Box:H+ diffuse across membrane Last red box (at the top right) :site of ATP synthesis
Energized electrons from ____ are used to reduce NADP+.
C
Identify a thylakoid.
D
Drag each item to the appropriate bin. If the item is not an input to or an output from the light reactions, drag it to the "not input or output" bin.
Input: light, water, NADP+, ADP Output: O2, ATP, NADPH not input or output: glucose, CO2,G3P
Identify the stroma.
E
After 3-PGA is phosphorylated, it is reduced by _____.
NADPH
The reducing power for Calvin cycle reactions is provided by which of the following molecules?
NADPH
Which of the following products of the light reactions of photosynthesis is consumed during the Calvin cycle?
NADPH
The figure shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they different?
Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a.
In which of the following organisms did the process of photosynthesis most likely originate?
in prokaryotes
In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs during ________.
photosynthesis and respiration
The light reactions of photosynthesis use _____ and produce _____.
water ... NADPH
Which of the following processes is directly associated with photosystem I?
receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain
In the initial step in carbon fixation, a molecule of CO2 is attached to RuBP to produce a six-carbon molecule, which is immediately split to produce two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. After phosphorylation and reduction produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), what more needs to occur to complete the Calvin cycle?
regeneration of RuBP
When light strikes chlorophyll molecules, they lose electrons, which are ultimately replaced by _____.
splitting water
The oxygen released by photosynthesis is produced by which of the following processes?
splitting water molecules
In the Calvin cycle, how many ATP molecules are required to regenerate RuBP from five G3P molecules?
3
What wavelength of light in the figure is most effective in driving photosynthesis?
420 nm
How many carbon dioxide molecules must be added to RuBP to make a single molecule of glucose?
6
_____ releases energy that is used to pump hydrogen ions from the stroma into the thylakoid compartment.
B
True or false? The chemiosmotic hypothesis states that the synthesis of ATP generates a proton gradient that leads to electron flow through an electron transport chain.
False
Which term describes ATP production resulting from the capture of light energy by chlorophyll?
Photophosphorylation
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules; cellular respiration releases energy from complex organic molecules.
According to the chemiosmotic hypothesis, what provides the energy that directly drives ATP synthesis?
Proton gradient
Which of the following particles can pass through the ATP synthase channel?
Protons
_____ has a longer wavelength than _____.
Red ... green
Select the correct statement about the Calvin cycle.
The Calvin cycle has three phases: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of RuBP.
Which statement correctly describes how O2 production would be affected?
The rate of O2 production would decrease because the rate of ADP and NADP+ production by the Calvin cycle would decrease.
For each intermediate compound in the Calvin cycle, identify the number of molecules of that intermediate and the total number of carbon atoms contained in those molecules. As an example, the output G3P is labeled for you: 1 molecule with a total of 3 carbon atoms.
a. 3 molecules 3 carbons b. 6 molecules 18 carbons c. 6 molecules 18 carbons d. 5 molecules 15 carbons e. 3 molecules 15 carbons f. 3 molecules 15 carbons
Drag the labels to the appropriate targets to indicate the numbers of molecules of ATP/ADP, NADPH/NADP+, and Pi (inorganic phosphate groups) that are input to or output from the Calvin cycle.
a. 6 ATP 6 ADP b. 6 NADPH 6 NADP+ c. 6pi d. 2pi e. 3 ADP 3 ATP
Drag the terms to the appropriate blanks to complete the following sentences summarizing the redox reactions of photosynthesis. Terms may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
1. In the light reactions, light energy is used to oxidize H2O to O2. 2. The electrons derived from this oxidation reaction in the light reactions are used to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. 3. The Calvin cycle oxidizes the light-reactions product NADPH to NADP+. 4. The electrons derived from this oxidation reaction in the Calvin cycle are used to reduce CO2 to G3P.
Energetics of electron transport
1. No energy input required 2. Energy input required 3. No energy input required 4. Energy input required 5. No energy input required
Which of these equations best summarizes photosynthesis?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Identify the chloroplast.
A
The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with
ATP and NADPH.
Which of the following statements correctly describes a distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that are inorganic.
Which of these phosphorylates ADP to make ATP?
E ATP synthase Phosphorylates ADP
Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
E (stroma)
True or false? The region of ATP synthase that catalyzes the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate spans the chloroplast membrane.
False
Drag each item to the appropriate bin. If the item is not an input to or an output from the Calvin cycle, drag it to the "not input or output" bin.
Input:ATP, NADPH, CO2 Output:ADP, NADP+, G3P not input or output:light, glucose, O2
In autumn, chlorophyll is degraded in the leaves of deciduous trees. Why do the leaves change color to shades of yellow, orange, or red?
Other pigments such as carotenoids are still present in the leaves. Submit
Carbon fixation involves the addition of carbon dioxide to _____.
RuBP
Identify the membranes or compartments of the chloroplast by dragging the blue labels to the blue targets.Then, identify where the light reactions and Calvin cycle occur by dragging the pink labels to the pink targets.Note that only blue labels should be placed in blue targets, and only pink labels should be placed in pink targets.
a. Stroma b. Thylakoid membrane c. Cytosol d. Location of Calvin Cycle e. Thylakoid space f. Location of light reactions g. Envelope membranes
A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide. Since the spaceship will be too far from the sun for photosynthesis, an artificial light source will be needed. Suppose a plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment and the leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are absorbed by this pigment?
blue and violet
In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to
oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration.
Which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
oxygen, ATP, and NADPH
Where are ATP synthase complexes located in plant cells?
thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane
In the electromagnetic spectrum, the type of radiation that we call visible light occurs between _____.
ultraviolet radiation and infrared radiation