BIO Chapter 11 Homework

100

Approximately how many genes have been linked to autism?

amplification

A protein kinase activating many other protein kinases is an example of _____.

Autistic siblings occasionally share the same genetic risk factors

Current research most strongly suggests which of the following?

signal molecule

A signal transduction pathway is initiated when a _____ binds to a receptor.

endoplasmic reticula

Calcium ions that act as second messengers are stored in _____.

It binds to and disables the repressor protein, thereby allowing production of the three enzymes.

The lac operon controls expression of three genes that produce lactose-digesting enzymes. What role does lactose play in regulating the lac operon?

RNA processing

What is the function of a spliceosome?

D

Which of these acts as a second messenger?

cyclic AMP

Which of these acts as a second messenger?

Xist is critical for women.

According to currently available information, which of the following is true in humans?

protein activation

Protein-phosphorylating enzymes' role in the regulation of gene expression involves _____.

binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter

What is the event that IMMEDIATELY follows the last event of this animation?

Some lncRNAs are functional while others are not.

Which of the following appears most likely?

Activators

_____ bind(s) to DNA enhancer regions.

not transcribed

In the presence of a regulatory protein the lac operon is _____.

Certain gene mutations increase the risk of autism

Which of the following is true?

Phospholipase C ... IP3 .... Ca2+

_____ catalyzes the production of _____, which then opens an ion channel that releases _____ into the cell's cytoplasm.

Repressor is active: off Repressor is bound to operator: off Lactose is present: on RNA polymerase is able to bind to promoter: on Enzymes are produced: on

Complete this table by indicating whether the lac operon is on or off under the following conditions.

a.) Histone b.) Nucleosome c.) Supercoil d.) Chromosome e.) Chromatin

Learning through art: chromosome packing Drag each label to its proper place in the diagram.

1.) proto-oncogene. 2.) oncogene. 3.) tumor-suppressor gene 4.) growth factor

1. A normal gene that, if mutated, can lead to cancer is called a(n) ______. 2. A gene that causes a cell to become cancerous is called a(n) ______. 3. A(n) ________ is a gene that encodes proteins that inhibit cell division. Such proteins normally help prevent cells from becoming cancerous. 4. A(n) _______ is a protein that promotes cell division. In excess, such a protein may lead to cancer.

1.) isolate mRNA from target cells 2.) produce cDNA from mRNA 3.) add cDNA to microarray wells 4.) rinse to remove unbound cDNA 5.) examine fluorescence on microarray

A DNA microarray is a glass slide with thousands of single-stranded DNA fragments fixed to it. Each fixed DNA fragment is from a particular gene. Therefore, a single microarray has DNA from thousands of genes. Biologists use DNA microarrays to figure out which genes are being transcribed by organisms in different situations.

17: ALL 18: neither 19: ALL 20: AML

Drag the labels onto the table to indicate whether each patient is likely to have AML, ALL, or neither.

proteasomes

Enzyme complexes that break down protein are called _____.

Their next child may or may not have autism

If a man and a woman have a child with autism, which of the following is true?

prokaryotes but not eukaryotes

Operons are a standard method for gene regulation in _____

the operator

Regulatory proteins bind to _____.

regulating the transport of mRNA to the cytoplasm

The nuclear membrane's role in the regulation of gene expression involves _____.

Jacob and Monod

The operon model of the regulation of gene expression in bacteria was proposed by _____.

the promoter associated with the target gene

To begin the process of gene transcription, RNA polymerase attaches to _____.

By binding to DNA it triggers the transcription of a specific gene.

What role does a transcription factor play in a signal transduction pathway?

A different set of genes is transcribed in cells from patients in Group I compared to cells from patients in Group II. If you were given microarray data from the cells of a new patient belonging to either Group I or Group II, you would probably be able to tell which group the patient belongs to.

Which of the following conclusions do the data support? Select the three that apply.

C and D

Which of these directly bind(s) to the promoter?

A

Which of these indicates an enhancer region?

all of the above are carcinogens

Which of these is NOT a carcinogen?

regulatory gene only

Which of these is NOT a component of the lac operon?

B

Which of these is a membrane receptor?

D

Which of these is a regulatory gene?

A

Which of these is responsible for initiating a signal transduction pathway?

block gene transcription to RNA by attaching to the operator

Within an operon, repressors _____

long and flexible with hooks

You are a geneticist making a large scale visual model of lncRNA. What should it look like?

whole-genome sequencing

You are a pediatrician specializing in autism. You wish to expand on this study using the same techniques, studying families with three or more children on the autism spectrum. What type of information will you require?

Embryonic cells will migrate to the wrong locations

You are studying the lncRNA HOTAIR by removing it from mouse embryos. Which of the following will most likely happen?

This lncRNA is making many chromosome proteins.

You discover roX in male tsetse flies. Which of the following is most likely true?

All cells (with very few exceptions) contain the same set of genes, but the process of gene expression determines which genes are active in each cell.

Your body is composed of a dazzling array of different cell types. Each cell type develops its own unique properties. How does this happen?

fat

_____ is a carcinogen that promotes colon cancer.