Bio Chapter 18

In the 250 years from 1500 to 1750, the atmospheric concentration of methane (CH4) hovered around 700 parts per billion. What was the approximate concentration of methane 250 years later, in 2000? 375 parts per billion 1,800 parts per billion 700 parts per billion 1,100 parts per billion

1,800 parts per billion

The year 2030 goal set by the US Department of Energy is to generate __________. View Available Hint(s) 20% of electricity using wind-powered systems 50% of electricity using wind-powered systems all electricity using solar and wind-powered systems all electricity from wind-powered systems

20% of electricity using wind-powered systems

What was the approximate atmospheric concentration of CO2 at year 0? 255 parts per million 275 parts per million 900 parts per billion 255 parts per billion

275 parts per million

In 2050, the atmospheric concentration of CO2 will be 400 ppm. Supported Not supported Cannot be determined from this graph

Cannot be determined from this graph

The Sahara Desert and the Negev Desert belong to the same ________. savanna ecosystem biome temperate grassland community

biome

What level of ecology is concerned with both the biotic and abiotic aspects of an environment? population community organism ecosystem

ecosystem

After 1800, the atmospheric concentration of methane rose dramatically, but concentrations of the other gases remained constant. Supported Not supported Cannot be determined from this graph Submit

Not supported

What name is given to the seafloor? benthic realm pelagic realm aphotic zone intertidal zone

benthic realm

The dominant greenhouse gas is _____. View Available Hint(s) sulfur oxides carbon dioxide N2 O2

carbon dioxide

If you study how two species of finches compete for food, you are trying to answer a question about ________. ecosystems ecology population ecology organismal ecology community ecology

community ecology

Which of the following is NOT a cause of increasing CO2 levels? burning of fossil fuels creating compost piles from vegetable waste home energy use production of manufactured goods

creating compost piles from vegetable waste

Producing electricity using wind instead of fossil fuels __________. View Available Hint(s) generates less sulfur dioxide but more carbon dioxide generates a different kind of electricity that can be used only to heat homes generates no carbon dioxide in the process requires a completely different electrical generating system

generates no carbon dioxide in the process

Temperate zones ________. have the coolest climates on Earth are concentrated in the polar regions have milder climates than the tropics are relatively dry

have milder climates than the tropics

Which of the following is NOT a result of global warming? melting permafrost increased forest clearing for agricultural purposes shifts in the ranges of some species changes in the breeding seasons of some species

increased forest clearing for agricultural purposes

Ecology is the study of ________. life human effects on the environment interactions between humans and other species interactions between organisms and their environments

interactions between organisms and their environments

A typical wind farm in the United States consists of __________. View Available Hint(s) many very large wind turbines clustered in a region with a low human population millions of small wind turbines in the back yards of highly populated areas millions of small wind turbines in remote regions with low human populations very large wind turbines in the suburbs of major cities

many very large wind turbines clustered in a region with a low human population

Evolutionary adaptation may not save long-lived species, such as polar bears, from extinction because __________. View Available Hint(s) they will be forced to interbreed with brown bears they are subject to increasing predation. of rapid habitat loss complex organisms do not adapt to climate changes

of rapid habitat loss

What name is given to the open ocean? intertidal zone photic zone pelagic realm benthic realm

pelagic realm

Examine the figure below. Phytoplankton live in the ________. photic zone and aphotic zone photic zone aphotic zone benthic realm

photic zone

The definition of your carbon footprint is __________. View Available Hint(s) the list of ways you have to reduce your production of greenhouse gases the amount of greenhouse gas emitted as a result of your actions the amount of material you add to the landfill the amount of gasoline you use in one year

the amount of greenhouse gas emitted as a result of your actions

The ultimate source of energy that drives wind power is __________. View Available Hint(s) the sun ocean currents friction between the Earth's plates, produced by plate tectonic movements and earthquakes differences in the temperature of the Earth's surface because of internal heating by magma, which occasionally rises to the surface in volcanoes

the sun

Electricity in a wind turbine is generated __________. View Available Hint(s) by building pressure in pistons that compress chambers of nitrogen when electrons are thrown off of a solid, spinning copper core when spinning magnets move past a coil of copper wire using the heat produced from friction between a spinning shaft and its case

when spinning magnets move past a coil of copper wire

Which of the following is an example of an evolutionary adaptation? View Available Hint(s) On a cold day a troop of snow monkeys (Japanese macaques) gather in hot springs for warmth. A portion of a forest burns in a forest fire. As a species of beetles starts to recolonize the area, the lighter-colored individuals in the population are much more visible against the burned bark compared to darker individuals. These lighter individuals are eaten by bird predators at a high rate. After two generations, most of the beetles are darker in color. Elephants typically live in herds that are led by a female (the matriarch). The matriarch not only leads the herd but also teaches the youngsters where and how to find food and water. Young elephants are unable to find food on their own if they are separated from the herd. A dog that rarely barks is boarded in a kennel with other dogs for a month, and when he comes home, he barks at the slightest noise.

A portion of a forest burns in a forest fire. As a species of beetles starts to recolonize the area, the lighter-colored individuals in the population are much more visible against the burned bark compared to darker individuals. These lighter individuals are eaten by bird predators at a high rate. After two generations, most of the beetles are darker in color.

The greenhouse effect causes an increase in global temperatures. This increase is due primarily to ________. CO2 and other greenhouse gases allowing more solar radiation to penetrate Earth's surface the loss of ozone that trapped cooling UV radiation in the atmosphere CO2 and other greenhouse gases slowing the escape of UV radiation from Earth CO2 and other greenhouse gases slowing the escape of heat from Earth

CO2 and other greenhouse gases slowing the escape of heat from Earth

Which of these three gases is most abundant in the atmosphere? Carbon dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4) Nitrous oxide (N2O) The concentrations of the three gases are approximately equal.

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Which gas is plotted using the y-axis on the right? Nitrous oxide (N2O) Methane (CH4) Carbon dioxide (CO2) The total of all three gases

Methane (CH4)

Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane all had relatively stable atmospheric concentrations before 1800. Supported Not supported Cannot be determined from this graph

Supported

From 1900-2000, the atmospheric concentration of CO2 rose from approximately 300 ppm to 350 ppm. Supported Not supported Cannot be determined from this graph

Supported

The physiological response that allows salmon to survive in fresh water, then in salt water, and then fresh water again is an example of _______ an anatomical response evolution a behavioral response acclimation

acclimation

Which of these is a community? all of the nut grass (considered a weed) in your backyard all of the organisms living in your home all of the Staphylococcus aureus (a species of bacteria living on your skin all of the people living in your neighborhoodWhich of these is a community?

all of the organisms living in your home

Scientists have documented that spring seasons starting earlier due to climate change have resulted in some caterpillar species beginning their maturation stage earlier than normal. There are bird species that need the caterpillars to feed their chicks. However, since the caterpillars are maturing before the chicks hatch (and therefore cannot be used for chick food), the birds are experiencing a drop in their lifetime reproductive success. Interestingly, scientists have also documented that the individual birds that are best able to change when they lay their eggs to align with earlier spring seasons have the greatest lifetime reproductive success. These phenomena are examples of ________. the effects of terrestrial biome distribution due to climate change an evolutionary response to climate change a change in species distribution due to climate change an increase in global greenhouse gas emissions due to climate change

an evolutionary response to climate change