BIO chapter 4
stores calcium ions in muscle cells
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum -stores calcium ions in muscle cells. -produces proteins for cell membranes. -helps assemble ribosomes for protein synthesis. -is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells.
E
Which of these is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?
store DNA
functions of the nucleus
function
in a multicellular, a cell is a unit of
nuclear membrane
it is mainly a large pore filled membrane separating its contents from the cytoplasm
ribosomes
this is not a membrane bound organelle. it is very small and is found in eukaryotes as well as in prokaryotes
microtubules
Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell? -microtubules -microfilaments -plasma membrane -peroxisomes -chloroplasts
rough ER
Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane? -lysosomes -rough endoplasmic reticulum -ribosomes -nucleolus -Golgi apparatus
mitochondrion
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? -mitochondrion -chromatin -ribosomes -smooth endoplasmic reticulum -nucleolus
peroxisome
Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product? -centrioles -mitochondrion -nucleus -flagellum -peroxisome
D
Which of these provides the cell with structural support?
A
Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products?
fimbrae
_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface. -Mitochondria -Cell walls -Flagella -Fimbriae -Ribosomes
ribosomes
_____ are the sites of protein synthesis. -Ribosomes -Golgi apparatuses -Microfilaments -Peroxisomes -Mitochondria
Basal bodies
_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles. -Chromatin -Basal bodies -Microfilaments -Mitochondria -Nuclear envelopes
prokaryotic
________ cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus. -Plant -Eukaryotic -Fungal -Prokaryotic
nucleolus
a small round organelle located near the center of the cell used in making ribosomes
chromosomes
these thin threads of DNA and protein remain in their present from until the cell begins to divide
plasma membrane
this cellular organelle contains phospholipids, cholesterol, and transport proteins
cell wall
this cellulose reinforced cell part encloses a plant cell but not an animal cell
mitochondria
this double layered organelle produces ATP from the nutrients it receives
ER
this group of flattened sacs detoxifies poisons that may be found in the body
cytoplasm/cytosol
this is the liquid part of the cell
scanning electron microscope
to examine the ridges and pores on the surface of a pollen grain 8,000 times
scanning electron microscope
type of microscope can produce enhanced versions of a cell surface?
electron microscope
used to study cell surfaces
transmission electron
used to study internal cell structure
chloroplast
what is present in plants and not in animals
protections
what is the function of a bacterium's capsule? -DNA strorage -propulsion -protections -protein synthesis
-must be small bc of damage control -surface-to-volume ratio -more set of instructions, more DNA, and can do more jobs
why million small cells are better than 1 cell
cell surfaces, internal cell structure
A scanning electron microscope is used to study ________, whereas a transmission electron microscope is used to study ________. -live cells; dead cells -cell surfaces; internal cell structures -dead cells; live cells -internal cell structures; cell surfaces
C
Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA.
cilia are typically more numerous and shorter than flagella.
Cilia differ from flagella in that -the protein filaments of cilia are "naked," whereas those of flagella are wrapped in an extension of the cell membrane. -cilia are typically more numerous and shorter than flagella. -cilia are anchored only in the proteins of the cell membrane, whereas flagella are anchored in a special structure called the basal body. -cilia contain nine microtubule doublets surrounding a central pair of microtubules, whereas flagella contain only nine microtubule doublets.
have a double membrane ... carry out photosynthesis
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both __________; however, they are different in that only chloroplasts, and not mitochondria, __________. -ave an internal 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules ... also have centrioles -have many internal membranes that increase their internal surface area ... are found in plants -have a double membrane ... carry out photosynthesis -deal with energy transformations ... are found only in eukaryotes
both plant cells and animal cells
Mitochondria are found in _____. -animal cells and bacterial cells -both plant cells and animal cells -animal cells only -plant cells only
nucleus
Most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is in the _____. -nucleolus -endomembrane system -nucleus -mitochondria
plasma membrane
The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell. -plasma membrane nucleoid region ribosome fimbriae cell wall
Robert Hooke
Responsible for naming cells
nucleolus
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____. -rough endoplasmic reticulum -peroxisome -nucleolus -lysosome -smooth endoplasmic reticulum
plasma membrane
The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell. -nuclear envelope -nucleus -lysosome -plasma membrane -chloroplast
chromatin
The _____ is composed of DNA and protein. -chromatin -centriole -mitochondrion -ribosome -flagellum
photosynthesis
The function of chloroplasts is -cellular respiration. -lipid synthesis. -intracellular digestion. -photosynthesis
cellular respiration
The function of mitochondria is -intracellular digestion. -lipid synthesis. -photosynthesis. -cellular respiration.
to manufacture ribosomal RNA.
The function of the nucleolus is -to manufacture ribosomal RNA. -to manufacture polypeptides. -intracellular digestion. -to store chromatin.
membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.
The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of -ribosomes and steroid hormones. -membrane and proteins secreted by the cell. -mitochondria and proteins secreted by the cell. -hydrogen peroxide and steroid hormones secreted by the cell.
its need for enough surface area to make exchanges with its environment
The maximum size of a cll is limited by _____. -the materials needed to build it -the amount of flexibility it needs to be able to move -the number of organelles that can be packed inside -its need for enough surface area to make exchanges with its environment
C
The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.
The Golgi apparatus decreases in size when a cell increases its protein production.
Which of the following statements regarding the Golgi apparatus is false? -The Golgi apparatus works closely with the endoplasmic reticulum. -The Golgi apparatus serves as a molecular warehouse and finishing factory. -The Golgi apparatus decreases in size when a cell increases its protein production. -The Golgi apparatus modifies chemicals received from the endoplasmic reticulum.
The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane? -The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane. -The plasma membrane stops the products of the Golgi apparatus from leaving the cell. -The Golgi apparatus begins the formation of the lipids that make up plasma membranes. -The membranes of the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane are continuous.
cell wall
What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell? -capsule fimbriae cell wall flagella nucleoid region
nucloid region
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
smooth ER
Where is calcium stored? -microtubules -smooth endoplasmic reticulum -mitochondria -centrioles -rough endoplasmic reticulum
digestive enzymes
Which of the following are stored in the lysosomes of the cell? -glycoproteins being prepared for secretion from the cell -digestive enzymes -enzymes for detoxifying harmful compounds such as alcohol -material to make ribosomes
peroxisomes
Which of the following cell structures are associated with the breakdown of harmful substances? -peroxisomes -mitochondria -chloroplasts -centrioles
whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes
Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic? -whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes -the presence or absence of a rigid cell wall -whether or not the cell contains DNA -the presence or absence of ribosomes
electron microscopes focus electrons beams to create a magnified image of an object
Which of the following statements about electron microscopes is true? -Scanning electron microscopes are used to study the details of internal cell structure. -Specimens must be sectioned to be viewed under a scanning electron microscope. -Transmission electron microscopes are mainly used to study cell surfaces. -Electron microscopes focus electron beams to create a magnified image of an object.
Plant cell walls protect plant cells by forming an impermeable layer around the cell.
Which of the following statements about plant cell walls is false? -Plant cell walls consist of cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of polysaccharides and proteins. -Plant cell walls protect plant cells by forming an impermeable layer around the cell. -Wood is primarily composed of plant cell walls. -Plant cell walls are multilayered structures.
Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place.
Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false? -The cytoskeleton helps to support cells. -The cytoskeleton plays an important role in amoeboid motion. -The cytoskeleton is composed of three types of fibers: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. -Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place.
The central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling.
Which of the following statements about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false? -The central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling. -The central vacuole of a plant cell may store poisons. -The central vacuole of a plant cell may store waste products. -The central vacuole of a plant cell may help increase the size of cells by absorbing water.
immobile
an organisms whose cell possess structure
1.cells are the basic building blocks of organisms 2.cells are the units of structure and function in organisms 3.all cells come from pre-existing cells
cell theory
lysosomes
cells can recycle used or damaged organelles using the powerful enzymes in the
internal structures that move
cells have
plant cells
cells that have cell walls and membrane bound organelle are
cytoskeleton
cellular organelles move around the cell through the aid of thin fiber and filaments known as
chloroplasts
chlorophyll is the main pigment found in the cellular organelle known as the
coccus
circular
prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water
contractile vacuoles
fixed and remains permanently in place
cytoskeleton is
eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes
difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
ribosomes
endomembrane system do not have
organelles
eukaryote contain
light microscope
examine living cells lining the respiratory tract
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
first person to make a light microscope and first person to look at bacteria
to make ribosomes
function of the nucleolus is
contractile vacuoles
if a cell need to remove extra water or liquid wastes, the cellular organelle responsible for this reaction is the
staphylo
in clumps
strep
in lines
mitochondria
large enough to see in the light microscope
use light and lenses to magnify an image
light microscopes
one to view dynamic processes in living cells
light microscopy allows
synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids
lysosomes do not
the nucleus is an organelle that is surrounded by the cytoplasm
nucleus and the cytoplasm
vacuole
organelle that takes up much of the volume of a plant cell
ER-golgi-vesicles that fuse with plasma membranes
pathway of a synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell
are hydrophilic and face outward towards the water on both sides of the membrane
phospholipids heads
chloroplast&cell walls; centrioles
plans cells have ___ and ___, animal cells have ____
centrosomes
plant cells dont have
ER
prokaryotic cells do not have
no definite nucleus
prokaryotic cells have
proteins
ribosomes produces
bacillus
rod shape
Theodor Schwann
said all animals are made of cells
Rudolph Virchow
said all cells come from pre-existing cells
water
simplest microscope is
spirillum
spiral- most dangerous
smooth ER
stores calcium ions in muscle cells and detoxifies posions
golgi apparatus
stores modifies, packages material for the cell
nucleoid
structure of prokaryotic cells have a
Matthias Schleiden
studied plotny and stated that all plants have cells
nucloid
the chromosome in a prokaryotic cell are found in?
microscope
the development of the cell theory had to wait for the development of the_________
membrane and proteins secreted by the cell
the function of the rough ER is the production of
lysosome
the organel for digestion
centriole
the organelle that is responsible for cell divions in animal cell is the
microfilaments
the smallest cytoskeleton is
prokaryotic and eukratic
the two basic kinds of cells
