Bio Chapter 7 Homework
In cellular respiration, the energy for most ATP synthesis is supplied by
a proton gradient across a membrane.
The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?
accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle?
acetly CoA
Which of these enters the citric acid cycle?
acetyl CoA
Chemiosmotic ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation) occurs in
all respiring cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, using either oxygen or other electron acceptors.
a bond mus tbe broken between an organic molecule and phosphate before ATP can form
correct
an enzyme is required in order for the reaciton to occur
correct
one of the substrates is a molecule derived from the breakdown of glucose
correct
Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells?
cytosol
In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + i to ATP?
energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemcial gradient
In glycolysis, the carbon-containing compound that functions as the electron donor is _______
glucose
Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O2) is present or absent?
glycosis
The phosphate group added to ADP to make ATP comes from free inorganic phosphate ions
incorrect
the enzymes involved in ATP synthesis must be attached to a membrane to produce ATp
incorrect
A glucose molecule is completely broken down to carbon dioxide and water in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but together these two processes yield only a few molecules of ATP. What happened to most of the energy that the cell obtains from the oxidation of glucose?
it is stored in NADH and FADH2
You have a friend who lost 7 kg (about 15 pounds) of fat on a regimen of strict diet and exercise. How did the fat leave her body
it was released as CO2 and H2)
In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.
lactate and Nad^+
In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are produced by _____.
substrate level phosphorylation
The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by
substrate-level phosphorylation
When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space, the result is
the creation of proton0 motive force
Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high-energy foods?
they have alot of electrons associated with hydrogen
Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration?
transforming the energy in glucose and related molecules in a chemical form that cells can use for work
Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?
mitochondrial inner membrane
During aerobic respiration, H2O is formed. Where does the oxygen atom for the formation of the water come from?
molecular oxygen (O2)
When a compound donates (loses) electrons, that compound becomes _____ Such a compound is often referred to as an electron donor.
oxidized
In fermentation _____ is reduced and _____ is oxidized.
pyruvate and NADH
Among the products of glycolysis, which compounds contain energy that can be used by other biological reactions?
pyruvate, ATP, and NADH
Once the electron donor in glycolysis gives up its electrons, it is oxidized to a compound called _________
pyruvate.
When a compound accepts (gains) electrons, that compound becomes _______ Such a compound is often referred to as an electron acceptor.
reduced
When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the molecule becomes
reduced
In alcohol fermentation, NAD+ is regenerated from NADH by
reduction of acetaldehyde to ehtanol( ethyl alcohol)
The electrons stripped from glucose in cellular respiration end up in which compound?
water
Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis?
100 percent
How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?
2
In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.
2
Starting with one molecule of glucose, the energy-containing products of glycolysis are
2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP.
In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose oxidation?
ATP
Which of the following statements describes the results of this reaction? C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy
C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced.
In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____
FADH2
In the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration, what is consumed and what is produced?
Glucose is consumed, and carbon dioxide is produced
__________is the compound that functions as the electron acceptor in glycolysis.
NAD+
Which of the following statements describes NAD+?
NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle.
The reduced form of the electron acceptor in glycolysis is
NADH
In cellular respiration, a series of molecules forming an electron transport chain alternately accepts and then donates electrons. What is the advantage of such an electron transport chain?
The advantage of an electron transport chain is that a small amount of energy is released with the transfer of an electron between each pair of intermediates.
Which of the following statements about the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP is correct?
The chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP requires that the electron transport in the inner mitochondrial membrane be coupled to proton transport across the same membrane
Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of a metabolic pathway involved in cellular respiration?
The function of glycolysis is to begin catabolism by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, with a net yield of two ATP.
Which one of the following statements about the redox reactions of the electron transport chain is correct?
The redox reactions of the electron transport chain are directly coupled to the movement of protons across a membrane.
