BIO EXAM 1

What plant organelle is shown in the image and contains photosynthetic pigments?

Chloroplast

True or false: Bacteria are the most abundant and diverse organisms.

True

The ______ is a series of flattened sacs that sorts and packages materials into vesicles to be sent to the cell membrane.

Golgi apparatus

In this picture of the endomembrane system, the structure in the black circle indicated by the arrow is called the

Golgi apparatus.

The rigid ______ of most bacterial cells surrounds the cell membrane, protecting the cell and giving the cell shape

cell wall

plant cell is has

cell wall and chloroplasts present

What plant cell organelle can occupy up to 90% of the cell volume and can exert turgor pressure against the cell membrane when it acquires water?

central vacuole

animal cell has

centrioles present

The organelle that is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells is the , ______ which is a type of plastid.

chloroplast or chloroplasts

all of the following that are present in plant cells but not in animal cells.

chloroplasts cell wall

all of the following that are present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

cytoplasm ribosomes DNA RNA

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules comprise the ______, which is a network of proteins that provide a structural framework within the cell.

cytoskeleton

What is the network of protein fibers and tubules inside the cell that provides support and aids in cell division and movement?

cytoskeleton

The ______ is a protein network that occurs within the cytosol, provides support, and helps form ______.

cytoskeleton; cell to cell connections

What is the network of sacs and tubules that extends off the nuclear envelope and is where proteins and lipids are produced?

endoplasmic reticulum

Organelles called lysosomes contain ______ that break down food particles, old organelles, and other cellular debris.

enzymes

Organelles carry out specialized functions in the cell and are found in ______.

eukaryotes

Cells that contain membrane-bounded organelles and a nucleus are called...?

eukaryotic cells

The phosphate "head" end of a phospholipid is ______, meaning its polar covalent bonds attract water, but the tails of a phospholipid are ______ and thus face away from water.

hydrophilic; hydrophobic

What organelle of the endomembrane system breaks down debris, food, and old cell parts with special dismantling enzymes?

lysosome

All cells have a cell ______ that surrounds the cytoplasm and forms a boundary between the cell and its environment

membrane

What eukaryotic organelle is shown in the picture and functions in the production of cellular energy by cellular respiration?

mitochondrion

Cellular respiration extracts energy from food and takes place in the organelle called a _____

mitochondrion or mitochondria

In prokaryotic cells, DNA congregates in an area called the...?

nucleoid

What structure is in the red circle in this image of the nucleus?

nucleolus

In eukaryotic cells, the DNA that codes for the cell's proteins is stored in a membrane-bounded organelle called the

nucleus

What prominent structure in the eukaryotic cell is highlighted by blue color in the picture?

nucleus

all of the characteristics of eukaryotic cells

nucleus size larger than prokaryotic cells system of internal membranes

The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells includes many specialized compartments called

organelles

Biological membranes are selectively ______, meaning they allow only specific types of molecules to pass into or out of the cell.

permeable

What organelle protects all eukaryotic cells from toxic substances or toxic by-products of chemical reactions?

peroxisome

Organelles that originate in the ER and contain enzymes that dispose of toxic substances are called

peroxisomes.

The cell membrane is composed of a type of lipid molecule called a(n) ______, which has two fatty acids and a phosphate group extending from a glycerol molecule.

phospholipid

What is the most ancient type of life on Earth?

prokaryotes

______ cells are the simplest forms of life and lack a nucleus

prokaryotic

all of the following that may be components of cell membranes

proteins phospholipids steroids

The endoplasmic ______ is a network of membranes originating at the nuclear envelope and winding through the cell.

reticulum

The cell structure that manufactures proteins is called a

ribosomes

The nucleolus is a dense spot in the nucleus where components of ______ are assembled.

ribosomes

Proteins to be secreted outside the cell are formed at ribosomes on the surface of the ______ endoplasmic reticulum.

rough

What structure is colored red in this image of the endomembrane system and has ribosomes covering its exterior?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

all of the following that are able to pass freely through the phospholipid bilayer without the assistance of transport proteins.

small nonpolar molecules O2 and CO2 lipids

What structure is indicated by the arrow in this picture of the endomembrane system and lacks ribosomes covering the exterior?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Lipids, detoxifying enzymes, and membrane components are produced and stored in the ________ endoplasmic reticulum.

smooth, smooth ER, ser, or smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Molecules called ______, which include cholesterol, are membrane components that aid in membrane fluidity.

steroids

What is the function of a ribosome?

to manufacture proteins

all of the following that are functions of the cytoskeleton in the cell.

transportation structural support aid for cell division

Plant cells have large central ______ where water, salts, and sugars are stored and where materials are broken down and recycled with enzymes similar to lysosomes in animal cells.

vacuoles

Membranous spheres that transport materials inside the cell as part of the endomembrane system are called

vesicles

What are the structures indicated by the arrows in the picture that have pinched off the Golgi apparatus and will deliver their contents to another part of the cell?

vesicles

all of the following that are true about organisms in Domain Bacteria.

-Some are used to make pharmaceuticals -Some live in human intestines and help with digestion -Earth's oldest organisms -Important decomposers and producers

A eukaryotic cell is different from a prokaryotic cell in that it contains...?

A nucleus

All living things consist of one or more ______

Cells

Whether bacterium or blue whale, every organism is made of..?

Cells

The area within the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell where the circular DNA molecule is found is called the ______ and is not bounded by a membrane.

Nucleoid