Bio Exam 1 Chapters 1,2,4,5,6
irregular bones
Vertebrae are classified as
pinocytosis and phagocytosis
Which of the following are types of endocytosis?
abdominopelvic
Which of the following body cavities has a thin muscular sheet as its superior wall?
they extend across the phospholipid bilayer
describe integral membrane proteins?
surface anatomy
Examination of superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures as they relate to the covering skin is called
mammary and some sweat glands
Examples of apocrine glands include which of the following?
interstitial fluid
Extracellular fluid is also called
expends no ATP
Facilitated diffusion differs from active transport in that facilitated diffusion
intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis
Fibrocartilage is found in which of these structures?
transport materials
Functions of bone include all of the following except A) storage of mineral and energy reserves B) transport of materials C) production of blood cells D) support and protection
integumentary
Surface anatomy examines evidence of underlying structures through direct scrutiny of which organ system?
basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum
From the basement membrane outward, the strata of the epidermis are
protecting exposed surfaces
Functions of epithelial tissue include
pleural, pericardial and peritoneal
Technically, the ____________ cavities surround organs but do not really contain them
Melanin
a pigment that accumulates inside keratinocytes
stages of mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
torn collagen fibers in the dermis
Stretch marks, or striae, are the result of
D
Variations in hair color may result from A) environmental and hormonal factors B) genetic differences in the structure of melanin C) an age-related decrease in pigment production D) all of the above
insensible perspiration
Water loss due to evaporation of interstitial fluid through the surface of the skin is termed
Keratinocytes
What are the most abundant cells found in the epidermis?
cells, protein fibers, ground substance
What are the three basic components of connective tissue?
popliteal
What body region lies immediately distal to the femoral region on the posterior side?
Increased Flexibility
What change in physical structure would result from an excess of organic components relative to the amount of hydroxyapatite in the matrix of a bone?
Fibroblasts
What is the predominant cell type in areolar connective tissue?
diffusion and osmosis stop
What must happen when a concentration gradient is eliminated?
chromosomes
When a cell begins to divide, its chromatin forms
chromatin
When a cell is not dividing, its DNA is in the form called
hypogastric
Which abdominopelvic region typically contains the urinary bladder?
Transverse
Which anatomic plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions?
Midsagittal
Which anatomic plane would section the body into matching left and right sides?
developmental anatomy
Which anatomic specialty follows changes in structure within an individual from conception through maturity?
abdominal cavity
Which body cavity is located inferior to the diaphragm and superior to a horizontal line drawn between the superior edges of the hip bones?
surface anatomy
Which branch of gross anatomy considers both superficial anatomic markings and internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin?
leukocytes
Which cells are designed to recognize and attack antigens?
Cartilage
Which connective tissue type is composed of cells called chrondrocytes and may be surrounded by a covering called perichondrium?
Tactile (Merkel) cells
Which epidermal cell type is responsible for detecting touch sensations?
stratum lucidum
Which epidermal layer is found in thick skin only?
Melanin
Which epidermal pigment protects nuclear DNA by absorbing potentially damaging ultraviolet radiation?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Which epithelial tissue type lines the trachea (air tube)?
goblet cells
Which exocrine glands do not have ducts?
Calcaneal
Which human body region includes the heel of the foot?
sebaceous and merocrine sweat glands
Which integumentary exocrine glands are distributed over most of the body surface?
lysosomes
Which of the following organelles might function during or even after apoptosis of the cell that contains them?
supporting connective tissue, blood
Which of the following pairings is incorrect?
regulation
Which of the following processes is necessary for the survival of single-celled organisms (such as bacteria) as well as humans?
antebrachial
Which of the following regions corresponds to the forearm?
mast cells, neutrophils, and free macrophages
Which of the following selections includes only wandering cells that may occur in connective tissue proper?
Atoms
Which of the following structures are most numerous in your body?
elastic cartilage
Which of the following tissues is found in the fewest body locations?
areolar
Which of the following tissues is typically most closely associated with epithelia?
participate in cytoplasmic streaming and muscle contraction
Which one of the following does not accurately describe microtubules?
flagellum
Which one of the following organelles occurs in the fewest types of human cells?
endocytosis
Which one of the following processes can only occur in a living cell?
Nervous
Which organ system controls body movement and responds to sensory stimuli?
Cardiovasvular
Which organ system interacts most directly with the respiratory system in distributing oxygen to the body tissues?
Golgi apparatus
Which organelle modifies, packages, and sorts proteins for secretion or use within the cell?
Ribosomes
Which organelles synthesize proteins?
anterior and posterior
Which pair of directional terms would describe movement along the intersection of a sagittal and a transverse plane?
ventral and anterior
Which pair of terms is essentially synonymous in humans but not in four-legged animals?
Developmental > Embryology
Which pair proceeds from a more general to a more specific anatomic specialty?
interphase
Which phase of a somatic cell's life cycle is the longest?
glycolipids and glycoproteins
Which plasma membrane structures serve in cell recognition and act as a "personal ID card" for the cell?
hyaline cartilage, trachea
Which selection correctly pairs the type of cartilage with one of its locations in the body?
DNA > histone > nucleosome > chromosome
Which series progresses from the thinnest to the thickest in diameter?
cyanosis and jaundice
Which skin color abnormalities result from alterations in blood contents rather than blood flow?
corresponding to larger body size, it is normally thicker in men than in women
Which statement about the subcutaneous layer is false?
the anatomy of specific body parts often suggests their functions
Which statement best describes the relationship between structure and function?
Palms are pressed lightly against the thighs
Which statement does not accurately describe the anatomic position?
Cartilage
Which structures may be composed of either elastic or dense regular connective tissue?
ligament
Which term describes a band of dense regular connective tissue that attaches two bones?
Proximal
Which term describes a part that is closest to the point of attachment to the trunk?
insensible perspiration
Which term describes the skin's normal release of water vapor without noticeable sweat?
bone connective tissue
Which tissue contains a calcified ground substance and is specialized for structural support?
resident cells and wandering cells
Which two classes of cells are found in connective tissue proper?
D
Functions of cartilage include which of the following? A) supporting soft tissues B) providing a gliding surface at articulations C) providing a model for the formation of most bones D) all of the above
sebum
Lanolin, refined from the lipid secretions of sheep skin, is often used to augment humans' holocrine skin secretion called
endochondral ossification
Lengthwise bone growth involves the final steps of
compact and spongy
Long bones such as the humerus have solid external walls of ____________ bone, with ____________ bone found primarily within the epiphyses.
helps epidermal cells convert a steroid to vitamin D3
Limited exposure to ultraviolet radiation is useful because it
a simple epithelium
Looking at a microscopic slide, you see a sheet of tissue one cell thick, lining an open space. The tissue must be
D
Processes that move molecules passively across the cell membrane include A) diffusion B) bulk filtration C) osmosis D) all of the above
increases rapidly
Production of new bone______ as a result of increased sex hormone production at puberty.
microvilli
The __________ increase the outer surface area of the plasma membrane to increase absorption.
Thymus
The ____________ is an organ of both the endocrine and lymphatic systems.
organ
The ____________ level of organization is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform a common function.
LM
The ____________ produces an image of a specimen by passing visible light through it.
cheek
The buccal region is the area of the
sural
The calf is anatomically known as what body region?
Cytokinesis
The completion of ____________ marks the end of cell division.
hyaline cartilage
Through the process of endochondral ossification, a fetal ____________ model transforms into bone.
D
Tiny, seed-shaped bones along the tendons of some muscles are classified as A) flat bones B) sesamoid bones C) short bones D) both b and c
precise organizations of similar cells that perform specialized functions
Tissues can best be described as
phagocytosis
To destroy bacteria in the interstitial fluid, leukocytes would most likely employ the process of
mucin
Unicellular exocrine glands produce
desmosomes
Unlike other intercellular junctions, ____________ only attach a cell to its neighbors at potential stress points.
stratified cuboidal
Although its main function is protection, ____________ epithelium also serves a secretory function by lining the larger ducts of most exocrine glands.
scanning electron microscope
A detailed three-dimensional view of cell structure is provided by
albinism
A genetic mutation preventing the production of the enzyme tyrosinase would result in the condition known as
actively transporting sodium ions out of the cell
A higher concentration of sodium ions in extracellular fluid versus cytosol is most likely maintained by
Tuberosity
A large, rough projection of a bone is termed a
Fibrocartilage
A layer of dense irregular connective tissue typically covers all of the following except A) hyaline cartilage B) fibrocartilage C) elastic cartilage D) compact bone
oblique
All of the anatomic planes intersect at right angles except the
reticular
Although you are not likely to see them, many fixed macrophages and fibroblasts reside in ____________ connective tissue.
dense connective tissue
Among the following, which has the fewest cells per unit volume?
pilus
Another name for a hair is
palms
Apocrine sweat glands occur in all of the following locations except
milk and pheromones
Apocrine sweat glands, variously modified, serve the reproductive system through their secretion of
thinner
As individuals age, epithelia become
interstitial growth
As with cartilage growth, a long bone's growth in length is called
gap junctions
At ____________, transmembrane proteins create tiny pores through which small molecules and ions pass between adjoining cells.
epiphysis
At each end of a long bone is an expanded, knobby region called the
D
Bone remodeling normally involves which of the following? A) changes in bone architecture and the skeleton's total mineral deposits B) activity at both the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of a bone C) continual deposition and removal of bone tissue D) all of the above
Keratin
Both hair and nails are composed mainly of dead cells packed with
Canaliculi
By interconnecting the lacunae and the blood supply, ____________ allow osteocytes to transfer nutrients and wastes through an otherwise impenetrable solid matrix.
cranial
Caudal is to superior as inferior is to ____________.
long bone
The femur is an example of a
Regional
Of the following, which approach to gross anatomy would be best suited for the dissection of a human cadaver?
Why Cells are the smallest unit of life
they conduct all of the basic processes of living things. they are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. no subset of a cell can perform all the functions necessary to sustain.
epiphyseal line
what appears when epiphyseal plate growth has ended.
epiphyseal plate
Interstitial growth of a bone occurs in the
disease
The word root pathos, as in "pathologic anatomy," means
the inferior portion of the mediastinum the right and left lungs most of the abdominopelvic viscera
"Potential spaces" filled with lubricating serous fluid surround
No Osteons in Spongy Bone
A major difference between compact and spongy bone is that
Langerhans cells
A person with defective ____________ would be particularly at risk for both infection and cancer in the deeper epidermal layers.
invagination
A pocket formed by an inward folding of a membrane is called
synthesis of cholecalciferol
A result of skin exposure to UV radiation that actually promotes good health is
lacuna
A small space within compact bone housing an osteocyte is termed a
urinary bladder
A tissue section containing successive layers of smooth muscle, connective tissue, and transitional epithelium could be from the wall of the
all of the above
A transport or carrier protein A) spans the plasma membrane completely and is thus a transmembrane protein B) has an internal hydrophobic region and hydrophilic regions at both ends C) may use energy from ATP to help a particular substance cross the plasmalemma D) all of the above
Tibia
A typical example of a long bone is the
Dehydration
A victim of extensive third-degree burns is at high risk not only from bacterial infection but also potentially lethal
C
Aging affects bone tissue in which of the following ways? A) tensile strength decreases and bones become brittle B) bones demineralize and become thinner and weaker C) both of the above D) neither of the above
D
Aging affects connective tissues in which of the following ways? A) loss of pliability and resiliency B) decreased efficiency in tissue repair and wound healing C) joint pains and brittle bones D) all of the above
D
Aging effects on tissue include which of the following? A) Tissue is less able to maintain itself. B) Tissue has a decreased ability to repair itself. C) Epithelium becomes thinned. D) All of these statements are correct
catalytic enzymes
All of the following are directly associated, at least in part, with the lipid components of the plasma membrane except
providing insulation for the overall body surface
All of the following are important functions of human hair except A) protecting the scalp from sunburn and injury B) preventing entry of foreign particles into the eyes, ears, and nose C) providing insulation for the overall body surface D) assisting in the dispersal of pheromones
Perichondrium
All of the following are types of serous membranes except
Cells are connected by gap junctions
All of the following are unique features of cardiac muscle except
growth occurs primarily in the cartilage of the epiphyseal plates
All of the following occur during appositional bone growth except A) osteoblasts in the periosteum lay down layers of bone matrix B) the bone widens as the number of circumferential lamellae increases C) growth occurs primarily in the cartilage of the epiphyseal plates D) osteoclasts expand the medullary cavity by resorbing bone matrix
passive or active transport
All processes of moving materials across the plasma membrane are classified as either
mitosis
Although often described as somatic cell division, ____________ is actually division of the nucleus.
metabolism
Although the processes collectively termed ____________ affect the entire organism, they occur specifically within the chemical level of organization.
D
By producing sensible perspiration, merocrine sweat glands assist in A) regulating body temperature through evaporation B) ridding the body of excess water and electrolytes C) protecting against environmental hazards D) all of the above
nervous
Cells in which tissue type are specialized to transmit electrical impulses from one body region to another?
conducting electrical impulses
Connective tissues perform all of the following functions except
right and left halves of the body.
Cutting a midsagittal section through the body separates the
single cells and tissues
Cytology is the study of ____________ and their structures, while histology is the study of ____________.
all of the above
Cytosol A) has a high water content, with many dissolved solutes B) is the viscous, syruplike fluid component of cytoplasm C) contains carbohydrates and lipids that provide energy for the cell D) all of the above
Perichondrium
Dense irregular connective tissue that forms a supporting layer around cartilage is called
D
Dermal structures that originate from the invagination of the epidermis include A) the accessory organs of the integument B) sweat and sebaceous glands, nails, and hair C) the integumentary appendages D) all of the above
vitamins A, C, and D
Dietary factors necessary for normal bone growth include
down their concentration gradient
Diffusion is the tendency of molecules to move
lysosome
Digestion and self-destruction are functions of which organelle?
demineralized
During bone remodeling, if the rate of osteolysis exceeds the rate of osteogenesis, the bone becomes
interstitial and appositional
During early embryonic development, cartilage grows both internally and along its periphery. The former is called ____________ growth; the latter, ____________.
Anaphase
During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids begin to move apart from each other at the middle of the cell?
Prophase
During which stage of mitosis does chromatin coil into chromosomes?
3 and 4
During which stages of mitosis does a typical cell contain twice its normal number of chromosomes? (1) prophase (2) metaphase (3) anaphase (4) telophase
hyaline cartilage
Endochondral ossification begins with a______ model of bone.
number of cell layers and shape of cells at the apical surface
Epithelia are classified on the basis of
D
Epithelial cells whose apical surfaces are covered with microvilli are most likely A) transportation specialists B) located in the digestive or urinary tract C) sites of absorption and secretion D) all of the above
about one-third of a millimeter per day
Hairs in the scalp normally grow
blood cell production
Hemopoiesis is the process of
Cytology
Histology is to tissues as ____________ is to cells.
pubic symphysis
Hyaline cartilage is found in all of the following structures except the
lucidum
If you stepped on a nail, the second epidermal layer it would penetrate is the stratum
cytoplasm as well as exocytotic products
If, as some argue, lactation involves both merocrine and apocrine secretion, then milk would contain
by pinching off the apical portion of the cytoplasm
In apocrine glands, the secretory product is released
keratinized stratified squamous
In body regions where mechanical stresses are severe, one would most likely encounter which type of epithelium?
Diploe
In flat bones of the skull, a region of ____________ is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone.
strata basale and spinosum
In which layers of the epidermis would you find mitotically active cells?
B
Interphase of the cell cycle consists of the following parts: A) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. B) G1, S, and G2. C) mitosis and cytokinesis. D) all of these.
sex cell production
Mitosis plays a role in all of the following processes except A) tissue growth and repair B) replacement of old or dying cells C) sex cell production D) embryo formation
mitochondria
Most of a cell's ATP is synthesized by membrane-bound organelles called
D
Multicellular exocrine glands may be classified by their A) form and structure B) type of secretion C) method of secretion D) all of the above
glial cells
Nervous tissue cells that play several supporting roles but do not transmit impulses are called
microvilli
Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium often contains ____________, which increase the surface area for secretion and absorption.
ribosomal RNA and proteins
Nucleoli make which of the following?
endocrine
Of all the body's organ systems, the ____________ system is the most directly associated with ductless glands.
bulk filtration
Of all the passive processes, the only one that does not require a concentration gradient is
centriole
Of the following, which organelle participates most directly in mitosis?
trabeculae
Osteons are to dense bone as ____________ are to cancellous bone.
feeling body structure
Palpation is a method of clinical examination that involves
peripheral steroids
Plasma membranes contain all of the following except A) phospholipids B) peripheral steroids C) integral proteins D) glycolipids
mucous
Preventing desiccation and providing surface lubrication within a body cavity are the functions of ___________ membranes.
radiographic
Regardless of the specific reason for the examination, a technician who performs sonography is working in the field of ____________ anatomy.
D
Second-degree burns A) may cause slight scarring B) involve the epidermis and part of the dermis C) cause blistering beneath the epidermis D) all of the above
C
Sensory nerves innervate which parts of a bone? A) the bone matrix and marrow cavity B) the periosteum and endosteum C) both a and b D) neither a nor b
anaphase
Sister chromatids pull apart to form single-stranded chromosomes during
striated and voluntary
Skeletal muscle is
different levels of melanocyte activity, different colors of melanin
Skin color differences among both individuals and races are mostly the result of
Organs
Structures consisting of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions are called
patellar
The _____ region is the "front" of the knee.
Dermis
The connective tissue component of the cutaneous membrane is otherwise known as the ____________.
hair follicle
The connective tissue root sheath and epithelial root sheath are both components of the
Homeostasis
The consistent internal environment maintained by control and regulatory mechanisms within an organism is called
epidermal ridges
The dermal papillae interlock with deep projections of the epidermis called
thoracic and abdominopelvic
The diaphragm is located between which two body cavities?
Superior
The directional term ____________ refers to a body part that is toward the head, or above.
D
The endosteum A) covers all internal surfaces of a bone, such as the medullary cavity B) is active during bone growth, repair, and remodeling C) is an incomplete cellular membrane D) all of the above
thickness, coloration, and skin markings
The epidermis varies within a single individual in which of the following aspects?
Keratin
The fibrous protein ____________ imparts the stratum corneum with strength and water resistance.
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
The four principal types of tissues are
Osteoblasts
The immature cells that produce osteoid are called
Rickets
The inadequate mineral deposition in bone caused by a vitamin D deficiency during childhood is called
peritoneum
The inferior most serous membrane is the
stratum granulosum
The layer of the epidermis in which cells begin the process of keratinization is the
interphase
The longest part of a mature muscle cell's life cycle is
nail
The lunula, eponychium, and hyponychium are all structures associated with a
D
The major functions of loose connective tissue include A) occupying spaces between organs and supporting epithelia B) supporting and surrounding blood vessels and nerves C) cushioning organs, storing lipids, and facilitating diffusion D) all of the above
packaging, sorting, and modification of new molecules
The major functions of the Golgi apparatus are
esophagus
The mediastinum does not contain the
canaliculi
The minute passageways in the bony matrix that allow osteocytes to communicate with each other are called
melanocytes in an existing mole
The most dangerous kind of skin cancer originates from
Chromosomes
The most organized level of genetic material, visible with a light microscope only during cell division, is the
C
The most plausible explanation for the "smoker's cough" that develops when the tracheal epithelium changes from pseudostratified columnar to stratified squamous is that A) this change is accompanied by tumors that irritate the upper respiratory tract B) stratified squamous epithelium secretes more mucin than pseudostratified columnar C) the stratified squamous epithelium has no cilia to remove accumulating mucus D) the two events are unrelated
Merkel cells
The most superficial sensory receptors in the skin are called
regulating protein synthesis
The nucleus (and more specifically, the genes it contains) most directly controls all of the cell's activities by
Mitochondion
The organelle that provides most of the ATP needed by the cell is the
C
The plasma membrane is effective in isolating the cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid primarily because A) peripheral proteins are attached to the inner or outer membrane surface B) integral proteins form channels that let water pass in and out of the cell C) the lipid "tails" in the phospholipid bilayer form a sheet that repels water D) the rigid composition of the plasma membrane forms a waterproof barrier
terminal hair
The relatively coarse, pigmented hair of the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes is
synthesis, storage, and transport
The rough endoplasmic reticulum functions in
the epidermis thins as epidermal stem cells decline in number and activity
The skin of older persons is more easily damaged and slower to heal because A) collagen fibers accumulate through time and crowd out protective cells B) epidermal dendritic cells proliferate, interfering with the immune response C) the epidermis thins as epidermal stem cells decline in number and activity D) all of the above
blood flow to the skin increases
The skin turns red when a fair-skinned person blushes because
Homeostasis
The state in which an organism maintains a constant internal environment is called
microscopic anatomy
The study of anatomy that examines structures not readily seen by the unaided eye (structures that must be magnified first) is
radiographic
The study of body structures visualized by scanning procedures such as ultrasound or x-rays is called ____________ anatomy.
gross
The study of the structure and relationships of large body parts that are visible without a microscope is termed macroscopic or ____________ anatomy.
inferior
The term used when referring to a structure in the body that is below, or at a lower level than, another structure of interest is
epidermis only
The terms thick and thin skin refer to the relative thickness of the
femoral
The thigh is identified as the ____________ region.
squamous, columnar, and cuboidal
The three shapes of cells used to classify most epithelia are described as
Respiratory
The trachea is part of the ____________ system.
centrosome
The two copies of DNA in duplicated chromosomes are connected at a constricted region called the
parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
The two hormones that have opposite effects on the rate of osteolysis are
papillary, reticular
The two major regions of the dermis are the superficial ____________ layer and the deeper ____________ layer.
neurons and glial cells
The two types of cells in nervous tissue are
Organ
Which level of organization crosses the boundary from microscopic to gross anatomy?
computed tomography (CT)
Which medical imaging technique uses modified x-rays to prepare three-dimensional cross-sectional "slices" of the body?
skeletal muscle
Which muscle type consists of long, cylindrical cells with multiple nuclei located at the periphery of the cell?
perforating canals and circumferential lamellae
Which of the following are components of compact bone, but not of an osteon?
D
Which of the following are specialized cells found in the deeper layers of the epidermis? A) tactile cells B) epidermal dendritic cells C) melanocytes D) all of the above
contains slightly larger osteons than compact bone
Which of the following does not accurately describe spongy bone? A) contains slightly larger osteons than compact bone B) composed of parallel lamellae with osteocytes in between C) provides great resistance to stresses applied in many directions D) forms an open meshwork of narrow plates called trabeculae
Heart, Lymphatic System
Which of the following does not correctly pair an organ with its organ system?
Organism
Which of the following entities represents the highest level of organization?
It is adapted for diffusion and filtration.
Which of the following is a correct statement about a simple epithelium?
Calcitonin
Which of the following is a thyroid gland hormone that encourages calcium deposition from blood into bone and inhibits osteoclast activity?
are modified sebaceous glands
Which of the following is false? Ceruminous glands A) produce earwax in the external ear canal B) are modified sebaceous glands C) are much less numerous than eccrine glands D) are related to glands that help to regulate body temperature
Circulation
Which of the following is not a basic property or feature of all organisms?
allow free flow of cytoplasm between neighboring cells
Which of the following is not a characteristic of tight junctions?
It serves as a packing and binding material.
Which of the following is not a function of an epithelium? A) It is selectively permeable. B) It serves as a packing and binding material. C) The cells can produce secretory products. D) It is designed for physical protection.
provides a smooth surface for articulation between bones
Which of the following is not a function of periosteum? A) anchors blood vessels and nerves to the surface of the bone B) isolates and protects the bone from surrounding structures C) provides a smooth surface for articulation between bones D) participates in appositional bone growth and fracture repair
stores calcium in the dermis
Which of the following is not a function of the integument?
physical isolation
Which of the following is not a protein-specific function of plasma membranes? A) signal transduction B) intercellular attachment C) enzyme activity D) physical isolation
protects the skin from harmful radiation in sunlight
Which of the following is not a significant possible health benefit of carotene?
C
Which of the following is not true of the plasma membrane? A) contains receptors for communication B) forms intercellular connections C) is a rigid sheet of molecules with little flexibility D) regulates material movement into and out of the cell
papillary layer
Which of the following layers contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae?
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes
Which of the following lists only membrane-bound organelles?
cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, flagellum, ribosomes
Which of the following lists only non-membrane-bound organelles?
keratin
Which of the following makes no significant contribution to skin color?
skeletal, respiratory and urinary
Which of the following organ systems can alter the composition of blood?
microtubule
Which of the following organelles are found in all living cells of the human body?
B
Which two tissues compose most of the integumentary system? A) elastic connective tissue and pseudostratified columnar epithelium B) dense irregular connective tissue and stratified squamous epithelium C) reticular connective tissue and transitional epithelium D) elastic connective tissue and stratified squamous epithelium
stratified squamous
Which type of epithelium is adapted to protect underlying tissues from abrasion and friction?
sebaceous
Which type of gland secretes a lipid material that coats the epidermis and hair shafts to provide lubrication and inhibit bacterial growth?
muscular
Which type of tissue facilitates movement of the skeleton or organ walls?
D
Why does all growth normally cease in mature cartilage? A) the matrix of mature cartilage is not able to expand B) cartilage has no blood supply and thus no energy source for growth C) once mature, cartilage is converted to bone by endochondral ossification D) both a and b
fatty tissue
Yellow bone marrow contains a large proportion o
adipocytes
___________ are an example of cells that are specialized for storage.
adipose
____________ connective tissue is most similar to areolar, but is unique among connective tissues in having relatively little extracellular matrix.
bone remodeling
____________ is a continual, hormonally controlled process that is essentially a race between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
metaphase
____________ occurs when the chromosomes line up at the equatorial plate of the cell.
intramembranous
____________ ossification produces the flat bones of the skull, some of the facial bones, the mandible, and the central part of the clavicle.
osteoblasts and osteoclasts
____________ produce new bone, while ____________ resorb bone.