bio exam 3

--which statement best describes arteries?

all carry blood away from the heart

immediate hypersensitivities that are systemic may cause ?

anaphylactic shock

the term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is ________________.

angina pectoris

what provides alternate pathways (collateral channels) to ensure continuous flow

arterial anastomoses

what has shunts in capillaries for example met arteriole thoroughfare channel

arteriovenous anastomoses

the P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ___________.

atrial depolarization

which of the following means relaxation of the atria

atrial diastole

which of the following is not part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

atrioventricular valve

norepinephrine acts on the heart by _____________.

causing threshold to be reached more quickly

the baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to which of the following?

changes in arterial pressure

the myocardium is the ?

circular or spiral bundles of contractile cardiac muscle cells

normal heart rate sounds are caused by which of the following events?

closure of the heart valves

-the "sucking" pressure created by plasma proteins in the blood describes:

colloid osmotic pressure

-the foramen ovale______________________.

connected the two atria in the fetal heart

what is abundant in skin, muscles, lungs, and CNS

continuous capillaries

compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle

has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium

force exerted y fluid pressing against capillary walls describes?

hydrostatic pressure

process in which endothelial cells of capillaries in inflamed areas project cell adhesion molecules slow passing neutrophils is termed ____________.

margination

-the arteries that are also call distributing arteries are the __________________________.

muscular

which of the following results from prolonged coronary blockage?

myocardial infraction

which of the following transports oxygen right blood

pulmonary vein

the left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to ________.

pump blood with greater pressure

--which of the following processes provides a long-term response to changes in blood pressure?

renal regulation

blood being pumped into the pulmonary circuit comes from which chamber of the heart?

right ventricle

the form of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock is ______________________.

shock results from large scale loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or diarrhea

which type of feel contain valves to help prevent backflip of blood?

veins

which vessel types are called capacitance vessels because they contain up to 65% of blood supply?

veins

what is so abundant the occluded veins rarely block blood flow

venous anastomoses

which of the following means contraction of the ventricles?

ventricular systole

the epicardium is the?

visceral layer of serous pericardium

--the atrioventricular valves are closed _______________.

when the ventricles are in systole

--what has the least influence on blood pressure

white blood cell count

lymphatic capillaries have that cardiovascular capillaries do not?

blood cells

the volume of blood flowing through vessels organs, or the entire circulation in a given period describes

blood flow

--which of the following is the most significant source of blood flow resistance?

blood vessel diameter

a term for abnormally slow heart rate is?

bradycardia

permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ___________.

capillaries

what is an interwoven network of capillaries between arterioles and venules

capillary beds

the amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in one minute is termed _____________.

cardiac output

which of the following vessels does not empty directly into the right atrium?

cardiac veins

--which of the following increases heart rate?

cardioacceleratory center via vagus nerve

-which of the following best describes the net flow of fluid at the capillaries?

fluid flows out at the arterial end and in at the venous end

--which of the following is a structure that holds cardiac cells together?

desmosomes

-respiratory gases, which are lipid soluble molecules, cross the capillary walls by.....

diffusing directly through endothelial membranes

which layer of the heart wall is continuous with the lining of blood vessels?

endocardium

-what hormones effect blood pressure

epinephrine, ADH, angiotensin

arteriolar blood pressure increases in response to all but which one of the following?

falling blood volume

what is found in areas involved in active filtration (kidneys), absorption (intestines), or endocrine hormone secretion.

fenestrated capillary

--which of the layers is most superficial of the pericardium?

fibrous pericardium

--peripheral resistance______________.

increases as blood viscosity increases

the endocardium is the ?

innermost layer is continuous with endothelial lining if blood vessels

each of the following describes the action of aldosterone except one. which of the following does not describe the activity of aldosterone hormone?

it will result in higher sodium levels in the urine.

secondary hypertension can be caused by

kidney disease

blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ______________.

left atrium

the thoracic duct empties into the junction of the?

left internal jugular and subclavian veins

--in red bone marrow newly formed blood cells enter the circulation. you would expect to see many __________ type of capillaries in red bone marrow, spleen, adrenal medulla, or liver

sinusoid capillaries.

which of the following does not influence heart rate?

skin color

-velocity of blood flow is ______________________________________.

slowest in the capillaries because the total cross-sectional area is the greatest

--failure of a valve to open is termed ______________________.

stenotic valve

the amount of blood that is pumped out of one ventricle in one heart beat is called _____________.

stroke volume

-which of the following is an extrinsic control of blood flow?

sympathetic nervous system

term for abnormally fast heart rate is...

tachycardia

which of the following areas of the brain does not have an affect on blood pressure

thalamus

peripheral resistance is a measurement of:

the amount of friction of blood encounters with vessel walls

select correct statement about heart valves.

the atrioventricular valves prevent back flow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction

mechanisms that do NOT help regulate blood pressure include _________.

the dural sinus reflex

if vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that ___________________.

the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per min

what is known as actual vessels involved in exchange.

true capillaries

which tunic of an artery is most responsible for mainaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?

tunica intima

what is a channel that connects arteriole directly with venule

vascular shunt

which of the following is a type of circulatory shock?

vascular, due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone.

what occurs during inflammatory response?

vasoconstriction will prevent excessive blood loss due to injury.