Bio Exam 3
According to the acid growth hypothesis, __________. cells elongate when they take up water by osmosis All of the listed effects are components of the acid growth hypothesis. auxin stimulates membrane proton pumps a lowered pH outside the cell activates expansins, which break cross-links between cellulose microfibrils the membrane potential created by the proton pumps enhances ion uptake, increasing the osmotic movement of water into cells
All of the listed effects are components of the acid growth hypothesis.
Which of the following processes is a form of asexual or vegetative reproduction? Test-tube cloning Grafting Apomixis Fragmentation All of the listed processes are forms of asexual or vegetative reproduction.
All of the listed processes are forms of asexual or vegetative reproduction.
An organ such as the heart or liver consists of __________. muscle tissue connective tissue All of the listed responses are correct. epithelial tissue nervous tissue
All of the listed responses are correct.
Which of the following statements is not accurate? Because steroid hormones influence gene expression, they produce a faster response in target cells. Not all hormones are secreted by endocrine glands. Hormones are transported through the circulatory system to their destinations. Target cells have specific hormone receptors. Hormones are essential to homeostasis.
Because steroid hormones influence gene expression, they produce a faster response in target cells.
Which of the following statements is false? Fly-pollinated flowers may smell like rotten meat. The flowers of many temperate, wind-pollinated trees appear before the production of the leaves, which could interfere with pollen movement. Bird-pollinated flowers usually produce copious amounts of nectar and are light-colored as well as strong-smelling. Insects pollinate approximately 65 percent of all flowering plants, and bees are the most important of these pollinators. Moths and bats, which are often active at night, are attracted to light-colored, fragrant flowers.
Bird-pollinated flowers usually produce copious amounts of nectar and are light-colored as well as strong-smelling.
Which of the six major types of connective tissue has a rigid matrix that contains collagen and calcium salts? Bone Fibrous connective Cartilage Adipose Loose connective
Bone
Which of the following tissues bind and support other tissues in the body? Connective tissues Nervous tissue Epithelial tissue Muscle tissue Skin
Connective tissues
The finding that MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) causes frog skin cells to darken when added to the interstitial fluid but has no effect on color when injected into the cells supports which of the following ideas? MSH binds to cell surface receptors. MSH is a tropic hormone. MSH is a neurohormone. MSH is a steroid hormone. MSH is a steroid hormone and binds to cell surface receptors.
MSH binds to cell surface receptors.
__________ are needed in the diet as components of teeth and bone, as parts of certain enzymes, for normal muscle and nerve function, and for water balance.
Minerals
How is the stomach lining protected from the strongly acidic pH of its contents? Mucous cells secrete a protective lubricant into the stomach. It releases a hormone called gastrin, which stops gastric juice secretion. Bile neutralizes the acid soon after it enters the stomach. Parietal cells secrete a protective buffer to neutralize hydrochloric acid. The acid is neutralized quickly when it combines with pepsinogen to make pepsin.
Mucous cells secrete a protective lubricant into the stomach.
"Striated" is a description that would apply to which kind of animal tissue? Epithelium Nervous Muscle Skin Connective
Muscle
Which of the following is not a plant defense against herbivory? Physical defenses such as thorns Initiation of a hypersensitive response with production of phytoalexins and PR proteins Production of distasteful compounds Release of volatile compounds that attract parasitoid wasps Production of toxic compounds
Initiation of a hypersensitive response with production of phytoalexins and PR proteins
Which of the following is not true of the hypersensitive response? It relies on recognition between a specific plant resistance protein and a pathogen effector molecule. It increases the production of PR proteins that may have antimicrobial functions. It contains an infection by stimulating the cross-linking of cell wall molecules and the production of lignin. It enhances the production of ethylene, which serves as a signal molecule that is transported throughout the plant and activates systemic acquired resistance. The plant cells involved in the defense response die, leaving lesions that indicate the site of the contained infection.
It enhances the production of ethylene, which serves as a signal molecule that is transported throughout the plant and activates systemic acquired resistance.
Which of the following statements is not true of connective tissue? It consists of a few cells surrounded by fibers in a matrix. It connects and supports other tissues. It forms the internal and external lining of many organs. It includes such diverse tissues as bone, cartilage, adipose, and loose connective tissue. It can have a matrix that is a liquid, a gel, or a solid.
It forms the internal and external lining of many organs.
Which of the following statements is not true of connective tissue? It forms the internal and external lining of many organs. It consists of a few cells surrounded by fibers in a matrix. It includes such diverse tissues as bone, cartilage, adipose, and loose connective tissue. It connects and supports other tissues. It can have a matrix that is a liquid, a gel, or a solid.
It forms the internal and external lining of many organs.
Which of the following would be least likely to be true of an animal that is a regulator? It may acclimatize to winter by increasing the thickness of its insulating coat. It can live in a variable climate because of its homeostatic mechanisms. It has lower energy requirements than a conformer of similar size. It may have a larger geographic range than a conformer. It may use behavioral as well as physiological mechanisms for responding to changing conditions.
It has lower energy requirements than a conformer of similar size.
Which of the following is a true statement about vitamins? Requirements for them are the same from one species to the next. They are stored in large quantities in the liver. They are inorganic nutrients, needed in small amounts, which often function as cofactors. They may be produced by intestinal microorganisms. Because they are fat soluble, they may be provided in insufficient quantities in a fat-free diet.
They may be produced by intestinal microorganisms.
Why do many vegetarians combine different protein sources in their diet or eat some animal products such as eggs or milk products? To make sure they obtain sufficient calories To provide sufficient vitamins To provide all the essential amino acids To make sure they ingest all the essential fatty acids To make their diet more interesting
To provide all the essential amino acids
Which of the following might make the most effective medication to treat gastric ulcers? A chemical that stimulates the parietal cells of the gastric pits. A chemical that inhibits epithelial cells in the stomach that produce mucus. A chemical that kills bacteria in the stomach. A chemical that stimulates the secretion of bile. A chemical that stimulates the chief cells of the gastric pits.
A chemical that kills bacteria in the stomach.
Which description is a behavior that helps warm the body? An elephant rolls in the mud and sprays water over its back. A man gets "goosebumps" after walking outside in the winter without a jacket. A falcon migrates from San Francisco to Brazil for the winter. A woman puts on a wide-brimmed hat while laboring in the sunshine. Sweat oozes from the hide of a thirsty antelope in the drought-stricken Serengeti plains.
A falcon migrates from San Francisco to Brazil for the winter.
Which of the following animals exhibits the most flexible osmoregulatory and excretory systems? A migratory salmon returning to its home stream from the ocean and a vampire bat A marine fish A parasitic flatworm A migratory salmon returning to its home stream from the ocean A vampire bat
A migratory salmon returning to its home stream from the ocean and a vampire bat
Which of the following situations would most likely stimulate the development of axillary buds?
A reduction of auxin traveling from the shoot and thus a reduced production of strigolactone
Ligaments are what kind of connective tissue? A type of fibrous connective tissue A type of cartilage connective tissue A type of adipose connective tissue A type of loose connective tissue Specialized for holding bone to muscle
A type of fibrous connective tissue
ADH and the RAAS both increase water reabsorption, but they respond to different osmoregulatory problems. Which two of the following statements are true? ADH is released when osmoregulatory cells in the hypothalamus detect an increase in blood osmolarity, and the RAAS is a response to a rise in blood pressure or volume. ADH is released when osmoregulatory cells in the hypothalamus detect an increase in blood osmolarity, and the RAAS is most likely to respond following an accident or a severe case of diarrhea. ADH will be released in response to a drop in blood pressure or volume, and the RAAS is a response to a rise in blood pressure or volume. ADH will be released in response to a drop in blood pressure or volume, and the RAAS is most likely to respond following an accident or a severe case of diarrhea. ADH is released when osmoregulatory cells in the hypothalamus detect an increase in blood osmolarity, and the RAAS will decrease blood osmolarity due to the cooperative actions of renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone.
ADH is released when osmoregulatory cells in the hypothalamus detect an increase in blood osmolarity, and the RAAS is most likely to respond following an accident or a severe case of diarrhea.
Leptin, an appetite regulator, is produced in __________ and at high levels can lead to __________. the brain ... periods of undernourishment the stomach ... the churning motion you feel when you are hungry the stomach ... the breakdown of glycogen stores adipose tissue ... suppressed appetite adipose tissue ... the breakdown of adipose tissue
adipose tissue ... suppressed appetite
The term "endotherm" refers specifically to __________. a warm-blooded animal a cold-blooded animal an animal that temporarily abandons warm-bloodedness an animal that gets most of its body heat from its metabolism an animal that regulates its body temperature by its behavior
an animal that gets most of its body heat from its metabolism
A seed consists of __________. an embryo, a seed coat, and a nutrient supply an embryo sac a gametophyte, a seed coat, and a nutrient supply an enlarged ovary an immature ovule
an embryo, a seed coat, and a nutrient supply
Hormones __________. are chemical signals broadcast throughout the body, act only on cells with receptors specific to that hormone, are relatively slow acting, and are distributed by the bloodstream are chemical signals broadcast throughout the body act only on cells with receptors specific to that hormone are relatively slow acting are distributed by the bloodstream
are chemical signals broadcast throughout the body, act only on cells with receptors specific to that hormone, are relatively slow acting, and are distributed by the bloodstream
A flower on a dioecious plant is __________. complete both incomplete and either staminate or carpellate biennial incomplete staminate or carpellate
both incomplete and either staminate or carpellate
The lymphatic vessels in the villi absorb and transport __________. chylomicrons fats monosaccharides amino acids peptides
chylomicrons
On a cold day, blood vessels in the skin __________. constrict, reducing heat loss from blood at the surface dilate, allowing blood to keep the skin warm constrict, forcing blood to flow through vessels in the skin dilate, causing blood to pass through the cold skin more quickly dilate, preventing blood flow to the surface
constrict, REDUCING HEAT loss from blood at the surface
Negative feedback is a method of homeostatic control that __________. increases the speed and rapidity of negative responses counteracts a change in a condition by causing the change to either moderate or stop promotes decreases, rather than increases, in metabolism produces a response by lowering some set point of an organism's metabolism causes an effector to signal the control center of an organism, which creates the stimulus to make a response
counteracts a change in a condition by causing the change to either moderate or stop
Food processing, absorption, and distribution in your body are mainly accomplished by the __________ systems. integumentary and excretory digestive and circulatory immune and lymphatic endocrine and integumentary respiratory and circulatory
digestive and circulatory
The terminal cell of an early plant embryo __________. divides to form the proembryo develops into the shoot apex of the embryo forms the suspensor that anchors the embryo and transfers nutrients develops into the endosperm when fertilized by the sperm nucleus develops into the cotyledons
divides to form the proembryo
Which of the following systems is correctly paired with one of its parts? Circulatory system; lung Respiratory system; heart Integumentary system; kidneys Endocrine system; thyroid gland Excretory system; intestine
endocrine system; thyroid gland
It is a cold day in the lecture hall. When you rest your arm on the cool laminated desktop at your seat, heat is transferred __________. from your body to the desk by radiation from the desk to your body by radiation from your body to the desk by conduction from the desk to your body by conduction from the air to your body by convection
from your body to the desk by conduction
The process of reabsorption in the formation of urine ensures that __________. glucose, salts, and water are returned to the blood excess H+ is removed from the blood drugs and toxins are removed from the blood urine is always hyperosmotic to the interstitial fluid pH is maintained by balancing H+ and HCO3-
glucose, salts, and water are returned to the blood
Several days after a long holiday weekend including much overeating, you try to cut back on your calories. The first day that you reduce your calorie intake to below the levels that you need, your body will respond by using __________. glycogen from the liver cortisol from the adrenal glands fat from around skeletal muscles protein from muscles all of the listed responses are correct
glycogen from the liver
An organism that exclusively uses extracellular digestion __________. has a specialized body compartment containing digestive enzymes is a sponge would be a filter feeder is a hydra with a gastrovascular cavity needs no circulatory system
has a specialized body compartment containing digestive enzymes
A circadian rhythm __________. is seen in the oscillation of stomatal opening and production of photosynthetic enzymes in a 24-hour period is controlled by an external oscillator involves an internal biological clock that is not set by daily environmental signals provides the signal for flowering involves all of the listed conditions
is seen in the oscillation of stomatal opening and production of photosynthetic enzymes in a 24-hour period
In animals, a distinct advantage of extracellular digestion over intracellular digestion is that __________. larger pieces of food can be ingested and then digested polymers are hydrolyzed to monomers by digestive enzymes a greater surface area is available for the absorption of digested nutrients all four types of macromolecules can be digested instead of just carbohydrates the products of extracellular digestion can be absorbed into all body cells, without the need for a transport system
larger pieces of food can be ingested and then digested
An insufficient supply of chemical energy in the diet or a shortage of one or more essential nutrients results in __________. malnutrition undernutrition protein deficiency hypernutrition all of the listed responses are correct
malnutrition
The conversion of Pr to Pfr __________.
may be the way in which plants sense daybreak and serves to entrain the biological clock
Negative feedback loops are __________. mechanisms that most commonly maintain homeostasis activated only when a physiological variable rises above a set point analogous to a radiator that heats a room involved in maintaining contractions during childbirth found in endotherms but not in ectotherms
mechanisms that most commonly maintain homeostasis
In angiosperms, sperm are formed by __________. meiosis in the anther meiosis in the pollen grain mitosis in the pollen tube mitosis in the anther double fertilization in the embryo sac
mitosis in the pollen tube
Chemical digestion of carbohydrates begins in the __________ with the action of __________.
mouth ... salivary amylase
Substrate feeders such as earthworms __________. move and eat through their food eat mostly mineral substrates filter small organisms from water eat autotrophs are bulk feeders
move and eat through their food
When a jogger starts to run, the rate at which his muscles produce CO2 rises sharply. But the CO2 in his blood rises only slightly before he starts to breathe faster and his heart starts beating stronger. Soon his increased rate of CO2 production is balanced by an increased rate of CO2 removal. This would be an example of __________ feedback because the jogger's circulatory and respiratory systems are __________. positive; improving the operating conditions in the jogger's body positive; decreasing the CO2 concentration positive; restoring the CO2 concentration to the set point negative; acting in opposition to one another negative; acting to oppose the increase of CO2 from the preferred concentration
negative; acting to oppose the increase of CO2 from the preferred concentration
The __________ system and the __________ system work together to coordinate and control the bodies of most animals. nervous; circulatory nervous; endocrine endocrine; immune circulatory; respiratory circulatory; digestive
nervous; endocrine
A freshwater fish would be expected to __________. produce copious quantities of dilute urine pump salt out through salt glands in the gills excrete urea across the epithelium of the gills have scales that reduce water loss
produce copious quantities of dilute urine
A plant may withstand salt stress by __________. releasing abscisic acid, which closes stomata to prevent salt accumulation wilting, which reduces water and salt uptake by reducing transpiration producing solutes that reduce the toxic effect of sodium ions producing organic solutes, which lower the water potential of root cells releasing ethylene, which leads to apoptosis of damaged cells
producing organic solutes, which lower the water potential of root cells
The anterior pituitary __________. produces only tropic hormones receives releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus through portal vessels connecting capillary beds stores and releases oxytocin and ADH produced by the hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting hormones is responsible for nervous and hormonal stimulation of the adrenal glands
receives releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus through portal vessels connecting capillary beds
Which of the following is an adaptation to a carnivorous diet?
sharp teeth,
In humans, most nutrient molecules are absorbed by the __________. small intestine stomach liver large intestine pancreas
small intestine
Which of the following animals uses only intracellular digestion?
sponge
The interstitial fluid of vertebrates __________. is the internal environment within cells makes up blood plasma surrounds cells and provides for the exchange of nutrients and wastes is not necessary in flat, thin vertebrates is less abundant in ectotherms than in endotherms
surrounds cells and provides for the exchange of nutrients and wastes
A tropic hormone is a hormone __________. that stimulates other endocrine glands to release hormones that is produced by the hypothalamus but stored and released from the anterior pituitary that acts by negative feedback to regulate its own levels in the body from the hypothalamus that regulates hormone secretion of the posterior pituitary that is released in response to nervous stimulation
that stimulates other endocrine glands to release hormones
A breakfast cereal advertises that it contains essential vitamins and minerals. In this context, the word "essential" means __________. that the nutrients must be supplied in the diet and cannot be made in the body that it contains the essence of vegetables used to extract the nutrients that they can be made in the body but it is important to eat food containing these nutrients so that we do not waste essential energy in making them that they are necessary for life nothing: this is just a gimmick
that the nutrients must be supplied in the diet and cannot be made in the body
The matrix of blood tissue, where water, salts, and dissolved proteins are found, is __________. the blood plasma the outer covering of the blood vessels the red and white blood cells a form of loose connective tissue dense with collagen and other protein fibers
the blood plasma
Gallstone surgery sometimes requires that the gallbladder be removed. Patients are then advised to avoid ingesting large amounts of fat because __________. the gallbladder makes bile, which is necessary for fat emulsification the gallbladder stores large quantities of bile, which is used to emulsify fats without the bile produced by the gallbladder, fats cannot be enzymatically hydrolyzed the gallbladder stores the hormone enterogastrone, necessary to digest fats chylomicrons first enter the gallbladder before moving to the liver
the gallbladder stores large quantities of bile, which is used to emulsify fats
Polar transport of auxin involves __________. the accumulation of higher concentrations on the side of a shoot away from light the movement of auxin from roots to shoots the unidirectional active transport of auxin into and out of parenchyma cells the settling of statoliths the movement of auxin through transport proteins located only at the basal end of cells
the movement of auxin through transport proteins located only at the basal end of cells
Transport epithelia are responsible for __________. the movement of solutes in osmoregulation or excretion pumping water across a membrane forming an impermeable boundary at an interface with the environment transporting urine in the ureter and urethra the passive transport of H+ and HCO3- for the regulation of pH
the movement of solutes in osmoregulation or excretion
The lungs consist of many small air sacs and blood vessels, which greatly increase surface area and improve the transfer of substances through their walls. The structures in the digestive system most similar in function to these air sacs and capillaries are the __________. esophagus villi and microvilli gastric glands gastric pits sphincters
villi and microvilli
Which of the following are considered essential nutrients: (1) certain carbohydrates, (2) certain fatty acids, (3) certain amino acids, (4) cholesterol?
2 &3
Which of the following are connective tissues? Adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood Bone, blood, and skin Red blood cells and neurons Cartilage, bone, and epithelium Adipose tissue, dense and loose connective tissues, and neurons
Adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood
Which of the following techniques is being developed to reduce the likelihood that introduced genes for herbicide or insect resistance will escape to closely related weed species? All of the listed techniques would reduce the risk of crop-to-weed transgene escape. Engineering flowers to self-fertilize and remain closed so that pollen is not released Breeding male sterility into transgenic plants so that they have no pollen to be transferred to nearby weeds Engineering the gene of interest into chloroplast DNA, which is inherited from the maternal plant and is not transferred by pollen Engineering crops, such as soybeans, that have no weedy relatives
All of the listed techniques would reduce the risk of crop-to-weed transgene escape.
Which of the following statements about fruit is not true? The primary functions of fruits include protection of dormant seeds and their dispersal away from the parent plant. Wind-dispersed fruits may have wings or "parachutes." An accessory fruit develops from the endosperm of a seed and is composed of triploid cells. Animals may help disperse seeds by "planting" fruits in underground caches. Most fruits develop from the ovary of a flower.
An accessory fruit develops from the endosperm of a seed and is composed of triploid cells.
Which of the following correctly traces the pathway of urine flow in vertebrates?
Collecting → tubule → ureter → bladder → urethra (CTUBU)
Which of the following sections of the mammalian nephron is incorrectly paired with its function? Descending limb of loop of Henle - diffusion of urea out of the filtrate Bowman's capsule and glomerulus - filtration of blood Proximal tubule - secretion of toxins and H+ into the filtrate and transport of glucose and amino acids out of tubule Ascending limb of loop of Henle - diffusion and pumping of NaCl out of the filtrate Distal tubule - regulation of pH and K+
Descending limb of loop of Henle - diffusion of urea out of the filtrate
Which one of the following hormones is incorrectly paired with its site of production? TSH - thyroid Releasing hormones - hypothalamus Growth hormone - anterior pituitary Estrogens and progestins - ovary Epinephrine - adrenal gland
TSH - thyroid
Which of the following statements about nutrition and digestion is true? "Feeding" and "digestion" are synonyms. Chemical digestion typically precedes mechanical digestion in wolves. During absorption, small molecules such as amino acids and simple sugars are absorbed. Elimination rids the body of excessive nutrients. Small sugars are joined by enzymatic hydrolysis to form large carbohydrates.
During absorption, small molecules such as amino acids and simple sugars are absorbed.
Which statement is true regarding thermoregulation? In furry animals, raised hairs keep the animal cooler than lowered hairs. Ectotherms generally do not conserve body heat as effectively as do polar bears. An ectotherm such as a lizard does not maintain a fairly constant body temperature. Endotherms must always maintain a fairly constant body temperature to survive. A dilated blood vessel conserves more heat than a constricted one.
Ectotherms generally do not conserve body heat as effectively as do polar bears.
Which of the following structures is haploid? Anther Endosperm Embryo sac Microsporocyte Embryo sac and anther
Embryo sac
Scientists have identified an Arabidopsis eto mutant that greatly overproduces ethylene. Which of the following statements accurately describes the growth of such a mutant? It undergoes the triple response only when it encounters an obstacle, but the response is greater than that of a wild-type plant. It does not undergo the triple response, because its ethylene receptors are blocked. When experimentally exposed to ethylene, the triple response of such mutants is inhibited. Eto mutants undergo the triple response even out of the soil. Treating eto mutants with inhibitors of ethylene synthesis would not reduce their triple response when they do not encounter an obstacle.
Eto mutants undergo the triple response even out of the soil.
Which of the following hormones would be sprayed on barley seeds to speed germination in the production of malt for making beer?
Gibberellin
Which of the following is a question about physiology? How is blood pressure affected by physical activity? Is it true that apes do not have fleshy tails like monkeys? Do salamanders and frogs have the same number of toes on their front feet? Are there any living birds with claws on the ends of their wings? Do baleen whales have teeth?
How is blood pressure affected by physical activity?
In the late fall, bats hibernate in clusters with many bats pressed together and holding on to one another. Which of the following supposed advantages of huddling behavior is, in reality, not true? Less surface area is exposed to the environment. In this configuration, less heat is needed for each bat and, therefore, each bat requires less food. Any heat generated by any bat is shared by other bats. Huddling behavior helps bats stay warm while they feed. Huddling behavior decreases the amount of food needed for bats to stay warm.
Huddling behavior helps BATS stay warm WHILE THEY FEED
__________ feedback most directly maintains homeostasis because it __________. Negative; accentuates fluctuations and keeps the system from reaching equilibrium Positive; keeps systems constant despite fluctuations in the external environment Positive; magnifies deviations from the "set point" Negative; tends to keep a system at a desirable "set point" None of the listed responses is correct.
Negative; tends to keep a system at a desirable "set point"
After a meal of greasy French-fried potatoes, which enzymes would you expect to be most active? Lipase, lactase, and maltase Pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and dipeptidases Gastric juice, bile, and bicarbonate Sucrase, lipase, and bile Salivary and pancreatic amylase, disaccharidases, and lipase
Salivary and pancreatic amylase, disaccharidases, and lipase
Which of the following mechanisms dissipates heat? Vasodilation of surface vessels Countercurrent exchange between vessels that service the extremities Trapping air by raising fur or feathers Vasoconstriction of surface vessels Countercurrent exchange between vessels that service the extremities and vasoconstriction of surface vessels
Vasodilation of surface vessels
Which of the following best illustrates homeostasis? When blood CO2 increases, you breathe faster, ridding the body of excess CO2. All the cells in the body have much the same chemical composition. DNA stores the genetic information in a cell. All organs are composed of the same four kinds of tissues. The lung has a large surface for exchange of gases.
When blood CO2 increases, you breathe faster, ridding the body of excess CO2.
Self-incompatibility provides a plant with __________. a means of transferring pollen to another plant a means of coordinating the fertilization of an egg with the development of stored nutrients a means of destroying foreign pollen before it fertilizes the egg cell a biochemical block to self-fertilization so that cross-fertilization is assured a means of producing seeds without the need for fertilization
a biochemical block to self-fertilization so that cross-fertilization is assured
The growth inhibitor in seeds is usually __________. abscisic acid ethylene gibberellin a small amount of ABA combined with a larger concentration of gibberellins a high cytokinin-to-auxin ratio
abscisic acid
Which of the following processes, structures, or conditions are properly matched? acid chyme backflow ... heartburn peristalsis ... heartburn mucous cells ... ulcers parietal cells ... diarrhea chief cells ... diarrhea
acid chyme backflow ... heartburn
The production of uric acid is advantageous to birds because uric acid __________. is very soluble in water and takes very little energy to produce contributes to the production of the eggshell and can thus serve two purposes has low toxicity, requires little water to excrete, and can be safely stored as an embryo develops in an egg takes less energy to produce than urea has low toxicity, requires little water to excrete, can be safely stored as an embryo develops in an egg, and takes less energy to produce than urea
has low toxicity, requires little water to excrete, and can be safely stored as an embryo develops in an egg
An amino acid that is not an essential amino acid would be one that an animal __________. can obtain from its own proteins has the needed enzymes to synthesize gets in sufficient quantities in its diet obtains from its microbial symbionts does not use in protein synthesis
has the needed enzymes to synthesize
The wolf, his coat glowing in the early spring sunshine, sat atop a cold boulder after unsuccessfully pursuing a plump jackrabbit. He continued to pant while __________. heat radiated from his tired body his body heat evaporated into the rock heat escaped his open mouth by conduction receiving heat by conduction from the sun heat evaporated away on the gentle breeze
heat radiated from his tired body
The mechanism for the filtration of the blood within the nephron involves __________. high hydrostatic pressure of blood forcing water and small molecules out of the capillary the active transport of Na+ and glucose, followed by osmosis both active and passive secretion of ions and toxins into the tubule the high osmolarity of the medulla that was created by active and passive transport of salt from the tubule, and passive diffusion of urea from the collecting duct a lower osmotic pressure in Bowman's capsule compared to that in the glomerulus
high hydrostatic pressure of blood forcing water and small molecules out of the capillary
When your body temperature is too __________, __________ helps to correct the situation because it __________. high; peripheral vasodilation; redirects heat from the body core to the outside high; sweating; lowers the metabolic rate by dumping toxic ions low; peripheral vasodilation; conserves heat in the body core low; shivering; lowers the metabolic rate and conserves blood sugar None of the listed responses is correct.
high; peripheral vasodilation; REDIRECTS heat from the body core to the outside
Which of the following structures protects a bean shoot as it breaks through the soil? Radicle Coleoptile Hypocotyl hook Coleorhiza Seed coat
hypocotyl hook
During a fever, the __________ readjusts the set point of the body to a __________ temperature. hypothalamus; higher thyroid; lower hypothalamus; lower pineal gland; higher adrenal glands; lower
hypothalamus; higher
Humid weather makes you feel warmer because humid air, which is saturated with water molecules, __________. interferes with heat loss by evaporation interferes with heat loss by conduction holds warm water vapor prevents countercurrent heat exchange from occurring increases metabolic heat production
interferes with heat loss by evaporation
The endosperm __________. develops in concert with the embryo as a result of double fertilization may have its nutrients absorbed by the cotyledons in the seeds of eudicots is digested by enzymes in monocot seeds following hydration is usually a triploid tissue is or does all of the listed things
is or does all of the listed things
A flash of far-red light during a critical-length dark period will induce flowering in a long-day plant induce flowering in a short-day plant increase the Pfr level suddenly not induce flowering be negated by a second flash of far-red light
not induce flowering
Animals need two types of organic precursors from their food, __________, to serve as the raw materials for the synthesis of larger organic molecules. organic hydrogen and organic oxygen organic carbon and organic hydrogen organic carbon and organic nitrogen organic carbon and organic oxygen organic nitrogen and organic oxygen
organic carbon and organic nitrogen
Which of the following is acquired outside of an animal's diet?
oxygen
The natural antacid that protects the intestines against stomach acid is produced by the __________. stomach pancreas liver esophagus small intestine
pancreas
In vertebrates, food is moved along the length of the digestive system by __________. active transport across cell membranes diffusion and osmosis sequential contraction of bands of skeletal muscles sphincter contraction peristalsis
peristalsis
Many plants will flower in response to a specific __________. effector, which is produced in leaves and travels to a floral meristem minimal temperature that appears to signal a seasonal change flowering hormone that is produced in the apical bud combination of high levels of auxin and FT protein and low levels of cytokinin and ethylene photoperiod, which seems to be measured by the length of darkness to which the leaves of the plant are exposed
photoperiod, which seems to be measured by the length of darkness to which the leaves of the plant are exposed
The body form within a species of plant may vary more than that within a species of animal because __________. growth in animals is indeterminate plants respond adaptively to their environments by altering their patterns of growth and development plant growth and development are governed by many hormones plants can respond to environmental stress All of the statements are reasons the body form within a species of plant may vary more than that within a species of animal.
plants respond adaptively to their environments by altering their patterns of growth and development
