BIO Final (Exam 3)

Adaptive defense system. A. Immune response B. Inflammatory response C. Immune or specific response D. Intact skin and mucous membranes

A. Immune response

Enables quick and efficient response to secondary exposure to antigen. A. Memory cell B. B cell C. Cytotoxic T cell D. Regulatory T cell

A. Memory cell

The primary immune response ________. A. has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells B. is another name for immunological memory C. occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the secondary response D. occurs when memory cells are stimulated

A. has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells

Interferons ________. A. interfere with viral replication within cells B. act by increasing the rate of cell division C. are virus-specific, so that an interferon produced against one virus could not protect cells against another virus D. are routinely used in nasal sprays for the common cold

A. interfere with viral replication within cells

Which of the following is associated with passive immunity? A. passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus B. booster shot of vaccine C. exposure to an antigen D. infusion of weakened viruses

A. passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus

When the lymphatic structures of a limb are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________. A. severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb B. shrinkage of tissues distal in the limb to the blockage due to inadequate delivery of lymph C. increased pressure in the lymphatics proximal in the limb to the blockage D. abnormally high lymph drainage from the distal region

A. severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb

A flu vaccine is needed seasonally to be effective but a polio vaccine is only needed once. The best explanation of this is ________. A. the flu has several strains that change seasonally B. the flu vaccine is substantially weaker than the polio vaccine C. the polio virus is substantially weaker than the flu virus D. exposure to flu vaccine produces no memory cells from proliferating B-lymphocytes

A. the flu has several strains that change seasonally

Which of the following is considered a primary lymphoid organ? A. thymus B. tonsils C. appendix D. spleen

A. thymus

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________. A. tonsil B. thymus C. appendix D. Peyer's patch

A. tonsil

Lymphatic ________ are formed from the union of the largest collecting lymphatic vessels. A. trunks B. capillaries C. ducts D. nodes

A. trunks

Area where T cells become immunocompetent

B

Select the correct statement about active and passive immunity. A. A vaccination is an example of the introduction of passive immunity into the body. B. Active and passive humoral immunity are both mechanisms of adaptive immunity that use antibodies. C. Immunological memory is established by passive immunization. D. sThe antibodies utilized in active immunity are acquired from another organism.

B. Active and passive humoral immunity are both mechanisms of adaptive immunity that use antibodies.

Forms antibody producing cells. A. Memory cell B. B cell C. Cytotoxic T cell D. Regulatory T cell

B. B cell

Select the correct statement about lymphocytes. A. The two main types are T cells and macrophages. B. B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood. C. T cells are the only form of lymphocyte found in lymphoid tissue. D. T cells are the precursors of B cells.

B. B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood.

Second line of defense. A. Immune response B. Inflammatory response C. Immune or specific response D. Intact skin and mucous membranes

B. Inflammatory response

All of the following are true of the classical pathway of complement activation except one. Select the one answer that does not describe the classical pathway of complement activation. A. It is an example of overlap between innate and adaptive immune function. B. It activates T-helper cells by presenting antigen to them. C. It requires that circulating antibodies are bound to antigens. D. Classical activation will result in enhanced inflammation, opsonization as well as formation of MAC proteins.

B. It activates T-helper cells by presenting antigen to them.

Which of the following statements regarding the thymus is FALSE? A. Its stroma consists of epithelial tissue. B. It has follicles similar to those in the spleen. C. It functions strictly in T lymphocyte maturation. D. It does not directly fight antigens.

B. It has follicles similar to those in the spleen.

Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue. A. Once a lymphocyte enters the lymphoid tissue, it resides there permanently. B. Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue. C. T lymphocytes act by ingesting foreign substances. D. Lymphoid macrophages secrete antibodies into the blood.

B. Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue.

Which statement is true about T cells? A. They usually directly recognize antigens, which then activates a subpopulation of killer cells. B. Their proliferation is enhanced by interleukins 1 and 2. C. Once activated, they cannot secrete cytokines. D. They will develop into cytotoxic T cells if antigen is complexed with class II MHC proteins.

B. Their proliferation is enhanced by interleukins 1 and 2

The thymus is most active during_______. A. old age B. childhood C. middle age D. fetal development

B. childhood

Antibody functions include all of the following except ________. A. binding and inactivating chemical toxins released by bacteria or other microorganisms B. cross-linking cell-bound antigens on red blood cells when blood types are properly matched C. targeting foreign cells so that complement proteins can cause cellular lysis D. linking soluble antigens together so that they fall out of solution

B. cross-linking cell-bound antigens on red blood cells when blood types are properly matched

An advantage to adaptive immunity is ________. A. the ability of its individual cells to respond to many different pathogens B. its memory cells that provide quicker, larger and more efficient immune response upon second exposure to an antigen C. its need for several cells to be activated over several days on first exposure D. the use of antibodies that cause cell lysis and kill invading cells

B. its memory cells that provide quicker, larger and more efficient immune response upon second exposure to an antigen

Cancer cells and virus-infected body cells can be killed before activation of adaptive immunity by ________. A. pinocytosis B. natural killer cells C. T lymphocytes D. B lymphocytes

B. natural killer cells

Complement proteins and antibodies coat a microorganism and provide binding sites, enabling macrophages and neutrophils to phagocytize the organism. This phenomenon is termed ________. A. agglutination B. opsonization C. diapedesis D. chemotaxis

B. opsonization

B cells respond to the initial antigen challenge by ________. A. reducing its size B. producing progeny cells that include plasma cells and memory cells C. immediately producing antigen-specific antibodies D. forming of a large number of cells that are unlike the original B cell

B. producing progeny cells that include plasma cells and memory cells

Area where B cells become immunocompetent

C

Kills cancer cells and virus infected body cells. A. Memory cell B. B cell C. Cytotoxic T cell D. Regulatory T cell

C. Cytotoxic T cell

Which immunoglobulin class is attached to the external surface of B cells and acts as an antigen receptor of the B cell? A. IgG B. IgA C. IgD D. IgM

C. IgD

Third line of defense. A. Immune response B. Inflammatory response C. Immune or specific response D. Intact skin and mucous membranes

C. Immune or specific response

Which of the following statements regarding NK cells is a false or incorrect statement? A. NK cells are present in the blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow. B. NK cells attack cells that display abnormal or lack MHC antigens. C. NK cells are a type of neutrophil. D. NK cells attack cancer cells and virus-infected body cells.

C. NK cells are a type of neutrophil.

All but one of the following occur during the inflammatory response. Select the example below that does not describe the process of inflammation. A. Chemotaxis draws leucocytes to the site of injury. B. Release of prostaglandins resulting in pain. C. Vasoconstriction will prevent excessive blood loss due to injury. D. Increases capillary permeability.

C. Vasoconstriction will prevent excessive blood loss due to injury

Choose the best description of an antigen. A. part or a piece of a disease or pathogen B. a chemical that enhances or modifies immune response C. a particle that triggers the adaptive immunity D. a particle (typically a foreign protein) that triggers inflammation

C. a particle that triggers the adaptive immunity

Allergens differ from antigens because ________. A. allergens do not involve the leukocytes, they simply stimulate the inflammatory response B. allergens are only active seasonally and are generally harmless to the body C. allergens produce an abnormally large immune response to what is an otherwise harmless particle D. allergens are primarily plant derived while antigens are bacterial or viral in nature

C. allergens produce an abnormally large immune response to what is an otherwise harmless particle

T-cell activation requires ________. A. antibody production and co-stimulation B. antigen binding and antibody production C. antigen binding and co-stimulation D. antigen binding, antibody production, and co-stimulation

C. antigen binding and co-stimulation

Activated T cells and macrophages release ________ to mobilize immune cells and attract other leukocytes into the area. A. perforins B. interleukin 1 proteins C. interleukin 2 proteins D. cytokines

C. cytokines

Lymphatic capillaries are present in ________. A. CNS B. bone marrow C. digestive organs D. bones and teeth

C. digestive organs

Which of the following cells has the largest role and most widespread effect on immunity? A. APC B. cytotoxic T cell C. helper T cell D. B cell

C. helper T cell

Immunocompetence ________. A. occurs in one specific organ of the adaptive immune system B. requires exposure to an antigen C. is the ability of individual cells to recognize a specific antigen by binding to it D. prevents intercellular communication so that only specific cell types respond to the invader

C. is the ability of individual cells to recognize a specific antigen by binding to it

Area where antigen challenge and clonal selection are most likely to occur.

D.

Which of the following examples below describes an autoimmune disease? A. Infection and death of T-helper cells by a virus, resulting in a loss of adaptive immunity. B. Release of bacterial endotoxins that block acetylcholine release result in muscle paralysis. C. Uncontrolled cell division resulting in cell surface abnormalities recognized by NK cells. D. Antibody binding to acetylcholine receptors of the motor end plate resulting in muscle weakness.

D. Antibody binding to acetylcholine receptors of the motor end plate resulting in muscle weakness.

First line of defense. A. Immune response B. Inflammatory response C. Immune or specific response D. Intact skin and mucous membranes

D. Intact skin and mucous membranes

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the spleen? A. The splenic artery and vein enter and exit the spleen at the hilum. B. The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. C. Clusters of white pulp look like islands in a sea of red pulp. D. Red pulp is where immune functions take place.

D. Red pulp is where immune functions take place.

Slows or stops the immune response. A. Memory cell B. B cell C. Cytotoxic T cell D. Regulatory T cell

D. Regulatory T cell

Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system? A. lymphatic vessels B. lymph nodes C. lymph D. erythrocytes

D. erythrocytes

Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations EXCEPT the ________. A. cervical region B. inguinal region C. axillary region D. lower extremities

D. lower extremities

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________. A. T lymphocytes B. lymph nodes C. medullary cords D. plasma cells

D. plasma cells

Lymphocytes can develop and mature in the ________. A. spleen B. tonsils C. lymph nodes D. red bone marrow

D. red bone marrow

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system? A. transporting dietary fats B. carrying out immune responses C. draining excess interstitial fluid D. transporting respiratory gases

D. transporting respiratory gases

Peyer's patches are clusters of lymphoid tissue found primarily in the large intestine. true or false

false

The most important role of the spleen is to provide a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response. true or false

false

There are more efferent lymphatic vessels leaving a lymph node than there are afferent vessels entering a lymph node. true or false

false

Viral infection will provoke cell mediated immunity but will not activate a humoral response. true or false

false

Dendritic cells and macrophages kill by ingestion and destruction of particulate matter in a process called phagocytosis. true or false

true

Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries. true or false

true

Fever is often a beneficial immune response because it can speed the activities of leukocytes. true or false

true

Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins. true or false

true

Lymphocytes reside temporarily in lymphoid tissue, then move to other parts of the body. true or false

true

Lymphoid tissue is mainly reticular connective tissue. true or false

true

The directional movement of cells in response to chemicals is called chemotaxis. true or false

true

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not DIRECTLY fight antigens. true or false

true