BIO Homework Chapter 4 Cells

Which is a typical function of lysosomes?

BREAKDOWN of damaged organelles, such as chloroplasts. Lysosomes do break down damaged organelles; lysosomes are rarely found in plant cells.

The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.

C The plasma membrane is selectively permeable.

_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells.

Central vacuoles; ribosomes

The structural framework in a cell is the?

Cytoskeleton - The cytoskeleton is the structural framework in a cell ("city" refers to cell and "skeleton" refers to a structural framework).

The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.

D The nucleoid region contains DNA.

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the ___________

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?

Lysosomes - Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and break down worn-out organelles.

In addition to phospholipids, the plasma membrane also contains proteins, many of which cross the width of the membrane. Which of the following statements best describes membrane-spanning proteins?

Membrane-spanning proteins contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids and float freely in the membrane.

Where in a cell is ATP made?

Mitochondria.

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?

Mitochondrion.

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?

Nucleus - DNA is the genetic information of the cell, and it is stored in the nucleus.

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

Plasma Membrane - The Plasma Membrane surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell.

What is the function of the plasma membrane surrounding a cell?

Regulating the movement of materials in and out of the cell

One of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by ?

Ribosomes - Ribosomes dock on the rough ER, and proteins are completed inside the rough ER.

Where are the lipids made in the cell?

Smooth ER.

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?

Storing compounds produced by the cell

Which one of the following is the most likely consequence for a cell lacking functional lysosomes?

The cell becomes crowded with undigested wastes.

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?

The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.

The eukaryotic cell has multiple membrane-enclosed compartments. This evolutionary innovation provides what advantage to the cell?

The different membrane-enclosed spaces allow different parts of the cell to perform specific functions.

What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane?

The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

cell wall

Which cellular organelle is required for photosynthesis to occur in eukaryotic cells?

chloroplast

Which of the following structures is directly involved in the passage of electrical signals between cells as, for example, in the vertebrate heart?

gap junctions

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both _____; they are different in that chloroplasts, but not mitochondria, _____.

have a double membrane ... carry out photosynthesis

The plant cell wall

is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.

The cells of a person with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) swell with a buildup of fatty acids. In other words, fatty acids are not being broken down. Which organelle is most likely failing to function correctly?

lysosome

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

lysosomes

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

mRNA - The "m" in mRNA stands of "messenger"; mRNA is the messenger that carries genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?

nucleoid region

Most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is in the _____.

nucleus

Digestive cells produce and secrete many enzymes that break down ingested food. These cells have a large number of ribosomes __________.

on the rough endoplasmic reticulum The rough endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for producing proteins that will be inserted into membranes, packaged in certain organelles, or exported from the cell.

You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls MADE of Cellulose. This new organism is most likely a(n) _____.

plant

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

plasma membrane

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?

protection

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

ribosomes

Pancreatic cells produce large amounts of protein. About how many ribosomes would you expect there to be in a pancreatic cell?

several million. There are several million ribosomes in cells, such as the cells in the pancreas that produce digestive enzymes.

Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments

What are the parts of the endomembrane system?

The endomembrane system includes the ER, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles. It manufactures, processes, and transports lipids and proteins. The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins.

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole?

The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.

What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?

They are all membranous organelles comprising the endomembrane system.