bio Master A&P ch 2 & lab

Which pH is more acidic, a pH of 3, a pH of 7, or a pH of 9?

pH of 3

Linking amino acid monomers together to form a polymer requires the formation of which type of bond?

peptide

A molecule of water (H2O) is formed by what type of bond?

polar covalent bonds

An atom of oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 18. How many of each type of subatomic particle does it contain?

8 protons, 8 electrons, 10 neturons

Which of the following statements regarding energy is true?

Energy "lost" during an energy conversion refers to the energy that cannot be used to do work

Which of the following is not produced through chemical bonding?

atoms

Formation of hydrogen bonds requires hydrogen atoms and what else?

polar covalent bonds

A lipid with four sites lacking hydrogen saturation is a

polyunsaturated lipid

Which organic molecules form the major structural materials of the body?

proteins

Which type(s) of subatomic particles can be located within the nucleus of an atom?

protons and neutrons

A patient voices concern that her normal cholesterol level is dangerous. "I eat no cholesterol at all. That stuff is toxic!" she declares. What is your best response?

"A normal cholesterol level is a good thing. Your cells depend on cholesterol to stay healthy, and you can't make vital hormones without it."

Calcium's atomic number is 20. It forms ions with 18 electrons. What is the electrical charge of a calcium ion?

+2

What is the primary energy-transferring molecule in cells?

ATP

in a covalent bond

Atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Examine the following reactions. Which of the following is true about compound C? Reaction 1 Reaction 2 Reaction 3 Reaction 4 A + B → C + D → E + F → G + H

C is the product of reaction 1 and a reactant for reaction 2

How do ions form ionic bonds?

Ions of opposite electrical charges are attracted to each other to balance the charges.

Think about a 10% saline solution (saline refers to salt.). Which of the following is a correct statement?

It contains 10% solute and 90% solvent.

Why can dehydration be such a life-threating event?

It significantly alters the ratio of body water (solvent) to dissolved substances (solutes), such as sodium ions.

what's the difference between kinetic and potential energy?

Kinetic energy is energy in action, while potential energy is stored energy.

Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction?

MgO2 → Mg + O2 - happens when a larger molecule is broken down into smaller molecules

Which of the following is NOT a difference between a compound and a mixture?

Mixtures are homogeneous while compounds are heterogeneous.

Atoms of oxygen have a total of 8 electrons. Are these atoms stable, and why or why not?

No, because the atoms have only 6 valence electrons, but need 8 for stability

Blood loss due to a moderate hemorrhage has several adverse effects on patient wellbeing. Why would administering IV fluids alone not be sufficient to return a patient to health?

Oxygen-carrying red blood cells lost along with the fluid component must also be replaced

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about carbohydrates?

The chemical composition of carbohydrates includes two oxygens and one hydrogen for every carbon present.

Which of the following statements regarding atoms is true?

The reactivity of an atom is based on the number of electrons in its outer valance shell.

Which of the following is not a result of hydrogen bonds?

Two hydrogen atoms join together to form a molecule of hydrogen gas

Water acts to dissolve molecules in the body. How does water dissolve the salt (NaCl) in your mouth from a salty pretzel?

Water acts as a solvent because the partial negative charge on the oxygen in water attracts sodium, while the partial positive charge on hydrogen attracts chloride. This results in the separation of sodium from chloride, thus breaking the ionic bond.

In plasma, a typical body fluid, protein floating around would be considered to be which of the following?

a solute, specifically both a colloid and an electrolyte

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

a structural variation in which different atoms of the same element have different numbers of neutrons

What is an ion?

an atom that has either gained or lost electron(s)

Part complete Which of the following can happen to a protein if it is denatured

an enzyme may no longer function properly

Which of the following would represent the attraction between an anion and a cation?

an ionic bond

Consider the following chemical reaction. The figure shows the interconversion of glucose and glycogen. The forward process is catalyzed by insulin, and the reverse one by glucagon.

anabolic

The process of building up large molecules from small components is a(n)

anabolic process

Which four elements comprise approximately 96% of our body weight?

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

When your muscles contract to move your body, such as during walking, work is done, and work requires energy. Based on the Law of Conservation of Energy, from where does this energy come?

chemical energy

Electrolytes are charged particles called ions that are dissolved in body fluids. Which of the following ions would be considered a major anion in the body?

chloride

Which of the following statements is true concerning the characteristics of either compounds or mixtures?

compounds are formed by chemical bonds between different kinds of atoms

A bond in which valence electrons are shared is called

covalent

Which of the following correctly ranks the types of chemical bonds, in order, from strongest to weakest?

covalent, ionic, hydrogen

Biological macromolecules are synthesized by ___________ reactions and are broken down by ___________ reactions.

dehydration synthesis; hydrolisis

If energy is released when a molecule is broken apart, it is a(n)

exergonic reaction

In a solution, the solute is the substance present in the greatest amount.

false

Nonpolar molecules are the result of unequal electron pair sharing.

false

Rank the chemical bonds from relatively weakest to strongest. I. Ionic II. Covalent III. Hydrogen

hydrogen, ionic, covalent

Which type of reaction breaks the bonds between the subunits in a polymer chain

hydrolisis

the process of breaking large molecules into smaller ones by adding water is

hydrolisis

Which of these pairs indicates an incorrect coupling of reversible reactions?

hydrolisis and breakdown

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major types of chemical reactions?

hyperbolic

covalent bond:

involve the sharing of one to three pairs of electrons

Which type of bond would most likely form between lithium and fluorine to make lithium fluoride?

ionic bond

Which category of organic molecules includes cholesterol

lipid

poly

many, several, polymer

Which of the following is NOT a subatomic particle?

molecule

Based on the general theme of conservation, which of the following is most likely to happen if an athlete breaks his arm and must wear a cast and not use that arm for six weeks?

muscles in injured arm will get smaller because they are not being used

Which subatomic particles contribute to an atom's mass number but not its atomic number?

neutrons

an

not, without, upward

Which of the following is not a fundamental subatomic particle that forms elements?

nucleus

Which of the following distinguishes hydrogen bonds from covalent bonds?

only hydrogen bonds can form between molecules

ex

out, away from

Cortisol is a type of lipid hormone. Which type of lipid would cortisol be classified as?

steroid

Which of the following is a product in the following reaction? glucose + fructose → sucrose + H2O

sucrose

Consider sweetened ice tea. Which of the following is a solute?

sugar

Hydrogen bonds would be found in which of the following?

the complex, three dimensional structure of protein molecules

Which of the following is true of polar covalent bonds?

the electrons are shared unequally

When an ionic bond forms, which part(s) of the atoms are directly involved?

the outermost electrons

How are the oxygen atoms bonded together in a molecule of oxygen gas

they are bonded by a double covalent bond

co

together, with, shared

The major function of DNA is to provide the genetic instructions for protein synthesis.

true

Which parts of atoms can interact (react) to form chemical bonds?

valence electrons

Foods are broken down into their building blocks by adding water. This would be an example of which characteristic of water?

water acts as a reactant

hydr

water, hydrogen, accumulation of fluid

Which of the following is not considered a form of matter?

x rays - they're a type of energy

Carbon atoms have four valence electrons. Are they likely to react with other atoms, and why or why not?

yes, because they can become more stable doing so