BIO QE

Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?

"It does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms."

How many ATP molecules are produced in the electron transport chain?

0

"Starting with one molecule of glucose, glycolysis results in the net production of which of the following sets of energy-containing products?"

2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP

Which is the correct representation of the number of NADH in each stage of aerobic respiration?

2 in glycolysis, 2 in pyruvate oxidation, and 6 in Kerbs cycle

** How many ATP will be produced from the NAH electrons produced from glycolysis if the shuttle is malate aspartate?

3

How many ATP will be produced from all the FADH per molecule of glucose?

3

In citric acid cycle, which of the following combinations of products would result from three acetyl Co molecules entering the citric acid cycle?

3 ATP, 6CO2, 9NADH, 3 FADH2

"For each mole of glucose (C6H1206) oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO2 are released in the citric acid cycle?"

4

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about glycolysis? - Two molecules of pyruvate are produced - Happens in the cytoplasm - A total of 2 NADH are produced - A total of 2 ATP are produced

A total of 2 ATP are produced

In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, which results in the production of

ATP, CO2, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol)"

According to public health officials, all of the following may be caused by water pollutants EXCEPT which one?"

Autoimmune disorders

Which of the following pathogens causes Tuberculosis?

Bacteria

Which of the following pathogens causes cholera in humans? - virus - bacteria - fungi - protozoan

Bacteria

A cell has enough available ATP to meet its needs for about 30 seconds. What is likely to happen when an athlete exhausts his or her ATP supply?

Catabolic processes are activated that generate more ATP.

Which of the following cause air pollution? - Use of pesticides in farming - Building roads/parking lots in agricultural lands. - Deforestation and burning of fossil fuels - None of the above

Deforestation and burning of fossil fuels

Which of the following is correctly paired? Dengue - viral Blastomycosis - bacteria Pneumonia - fungal Influenza - parasitic

Dengue - Viral

Which of the following is can be caused by numerous agents?

Diarrhea

"In a graphical representation of an organism's population growth in a given habitat, the growth rate for an organism whose population is increasing according to its biotic potential is best represented by a(n)"

Exponential Growth Curve

A population is composed of one or more species of organisms that may interact but do not interbreed.

False

Smog forms when pollutants in the air react with each other in the presence of sunlight and carbon dioxide.

False

The major concerns regarding the effects of air pollution fall into the areas of smog, acid rain, destruction of the ozone layer, and

Global Warming

Yeast cells that have defective mitochondria incapable of respiration will be able to grow by catabolizing which of the following carbon sources for energy?

Glucose

The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the

H+ concentration gradient across the membrane holding ATP synthase.

Which of the following statements is correct? - Heavy metals cannot enter the body through the skin, inhalation, or ingestion. - Heavy metals can enter the body through the skin and inhalation only. - Heavy metals can enter the body through the skin, inhalation, or ingestion." - Heavy metals can enter the body through the skin and ingestion only.

Heavy metals can enter the body through the skin, inhalation, or ingestion."

Which of these is typically not associated with the extent to which a virus spreads through a population?

How readily the virus can counteract antibiotics

Which of the following process/es result/s from citrate to isocitrate? I. Dehydration II. Decarboxylation III. Hydration IV. Phosphorylation V. Dephosphorylation

I & III only

Which of the following is the correct sequence during chemiosmosis? I. Full rotation of the rotor I. Hydrogen ions enter the rotor III. Movement of the catalytic knob IV. Phosphorylation of ADP into ATP

II -> I -> III -> IV

** Two (2) three-carbon molecules is produced at the end of the formation of acetyl CoA per molecule of glucose. Acetyl CoA is needed in the next stage which is the electron transport chain.

If both statements are FALSE

Aconitase is the enzyme which convert Isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate. Alpha-ketoglutarate is comprised of 4 carbons.

If both statements are FALSE

Decarboxylation means removal of carbon monoxide from the molecule. Decarboxylation is observed during glycolysis.

If both statements are FALSE

Electron transport chain is divided into two phases. The first phase involves the four complexes and the ATP synthase.

If both statements are FALSE

In glycolysis, steps 6-10 is considered as cleavage stage because one molecule of glucose is divided into two molecules. The two molecules are known as phosphoenolpyruvate

If both statements are FALSE

Glycolysis is the first stage in the aerobic respiration. All stages in aerobic respiration require oxygen gas.

If the first statement is TRUE and the second statement is FALSE

Which of the following is the direction of the hydrogen ions during the electron transport chain?

Intermembrane space

Which of the following is accurate about a population exhibiting exponential growth? - It grows at its maximum per capita rate. - It quickly reaches its carrying capacity. - It adds more new individuals when the population is small than when it is large. - It loses some individuals to emigration.

It grows at its maximum per capita rate.

Which describes what happens to a molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction?

It loses electrons and loses potential energy.

A person on a strict diet and exercise regimen lost 7 kg (about 15 pounds) of body fat in just two weeks. What is the most likely way that the lost fat left the body?

It was released as CO2 and H20.

Which of the following metabolic processes normally oxygen (02)?

Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Which of the following statements is correct? - Lead poisoning can cause kidney and nervous system damage among children. - Lead poisoning can cause peeling of the skin. - Mercury poisoning can result to behavior problems and learning disabilities. - Mercury poisoning can decreased sperm count among men and miscarriage among women.

Lead poisoning can cause kidney and nervous system damage among children.

** If the population age structure of a country resembles a pyramid, with the pre-reproductive age group the largest proportion of the population, and the post- reproductive age group the smallest, this country can most likely be classified as one of the

Least developed countries

** Which one of the following statements accurately reflects the nature of mature communities? - Mature communities have more consumers than producers, because the producers are so efficient. - Mature communities develop very quickly. Succession begins once a mature community has been established. -"Mature communities are so well established that when disturbed, they quickly recover." - Mature communities are the most efficient in terms of energy utilization and exhibit the greatest species diversity.

Mature communities develop very quickly.

Which electron carrier(s) function in the citric acid cycle?

NADH and FADH2

Which of the following enzymes dephosphorylate 1,3-biphosphoglucerate and phosphorylate ADP?

Phosphoglycerokinase

Populations of species that occupy the same geographic area and interact with each other are collectively called a(n)

Populations of species that occupy the same geographic area and interact with each other are collectively called a(n)

Which of the following statements regarding the future of populations in developing, less industrialized countries are correct?" - The reproductive rates are predicted to remain below replacement level. and the overall population size will increase dramatically. - Survivorship will increase and the fertility rate is predicted to remain high, especially in some regions." - Survivorship will increase, overall population size will increase dramatically, and the fertility rate is predicted to remain high, especially in some regions. - None of the above

Survivorship will increase, overall population size will increase dramatically, and the fertility rate is predicted to remain high, especially in some regions.

Which statement describes the expected population growth in the next 50 years?

The greatest population growth is likely to occur in the least industrialized countries.

Which statement describes the expected population growth in the next 50 years? - The population growth will be relatively equal throughout the world. - The greatest population growth is likely to occur in the more industrialized countries, including the United States and Europe." - Most countries worldwide will achieve zero population growth in the next 10 years. - The greatest population growth is likely to occur in the least industrialized countries. - There will be a net decline of population, with the United States and other industrialized countries contributing most to the population decline.

The greatest population growth is likely to occur in the least industrialized countries.

Fatty acids usually have an even number of carbons in their structures. Catabolism of fatty acids produces two-carbon fragments that are converted to acetyl CoA molecules. What is the most likely way in which these acetyl CoA molecules would be metabolized in aerobic cellular respiration?

They would directly enter the citric acid cycle.

"Despite an international agreement signed in 1987 to phase out the production of CFCs, depletion of the ozone will continue to affect Earth and its atmosphere for at least another one hundred years.

True

"Humans breathe in air that contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and trace amounts of thousands of pollutants."

True

"Once populations exceed the carrying capacity of the environment, environmental resistance increases."

True

"Pollution of groundwater is generally a more serious concern, in part because groundwater is a slowly exchanging pool."

True

A population that is increasing at a rate of 10% a year will double in 7.2 years.

True

A thermal inversion occurs when a warm stagnant air mass traps a cooler air mass containing smog beneath it.

True

Increasing population density on marginal lands in rural areas has resulted in desertification, which reduces the ability of the land to sustain the population.

True

The introduction of invasive species may increase the environmental resistance for a native species.

True

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in which of the following processes or events?

accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate (1) loses a carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO2, (2) is oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called acetate, and (3) is bonded to coenzyme A. Which of the following set of products result from these reactions? - acetyl CoA, 02, and ATP" - acetyl CoA, FADH2, and CO2" - acetyl CoA, NADH, and CO2" - acetyl CoA, NAD+, ATP, and CO2"

acetyl CoA, NADH, and CO2

The population of a particular species that an ecosystem can sustain indefinitely is called its

carrying capacity.

During which of the following metabolic processes is most of the CO2 from the catabolism of glucose is released?

citric acid cycle

The main human activities that have raised atmospheric CO2 levels are

deforestation and burning fossil fuels

A total of how many NADH molecules is produced during the formation of acetyl CoA and glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

di ko alam sagot help

Population sizes begin to stabilize near the carrying capacity when

environmental resistance begins to limit the population's biotic potential.

Eutrophication of a lake most likely is the result of

excessive concentrations of organic and inorganic nutrients.

Freshwater is most likely to be polluted

from organic solvents and farming chemicals in surface water runoff.

Rising atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gasses are causing which of the following two phenomena to occur? - global warming and global climate change - pollution and depletion of the ozone layer - smog and thermal inversion - global warming and desertification - heat and nutrient pollution

global warming and global climate change

Which of the following sequences describes the path by which electrons travel downhill energetically in aerobic respiration? * glucose -> NADH ->electron transport chain -> oxygen * glucose -> pyruvate -> ATP -> oxygen * glucose › pyruvate -> electron transport chain › NADH ->ATP * food -> glycolysis -> citric acid cycle ->NADH -> ATP

glucose -> NADH ->electron transport chain -> oxygen

"If an owl is moved from a mature evergreen forest to a mature hedgerow in a suburban neighborhood, the owl's ____ has been changed."

habitat

Creation of sustainable ecosystems CANNOT be achieved through

increased use of natural resources

Where does the process of the Krebs cycle occur?

matrix of mitochondria

Water is one of the end products of aerobic respiration. What is the source of the oxygen atom used in formation of the water?

molecular oxygen (02)

Which of the following processes is driven by chemiosmosis? - substrate-level phosphorylation - ATP hydrolysis - reduction of NAD+ to NADH - oxidative phosphorylation

oxidative phosphorylation

Which of the following processes generates a proton-motive force in mitochondria? - the flow of protons through ATP synthase down their concentration gradient - the reduction of NAD+ by the first electron carrier in the electron transport chain - lowering of pH in the mitochondrial matrix - pumping of hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space

pumping of hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space

Which of the following events takes place in the electron transport chain?

the harnessing of energy from high-energy electrons derived from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

A species' biotic potential is intrinsically determined by all of the following EXCEPT which one? - the number of members of reproductive age - the number of offspring produced by each reproducing member - the time span before offspring reach reproductive maturity - the ratio of males to females - the presence of competing species in the same habitat

the presence of competing species in the same habitat

In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate,

two molecules of ATP are used, and four molecules of ATP are produced