bio quiz 8, ch 4.3, 16.3, 17, 16.4 review

Which of the following DNA mutations is most likely to damage the protein it specifies?

A base-pair deletion

A frameshift mutation could result from_____

either an insertion or deletion of a base

which of the following kinds of data could be used to map the relative position of three genes on a chromosome?

thee frequencies with which corresponding traits occur together in the offspring

Justin has blood type A and his wife Brittany has type B blood. Justin's parents both have type AB blood, and Brittany's parents also both have type AB blood. What are the chances that Justin and Brittany's son Theodore has type A blood?

0%

You conduct a dihybrid cross. A ________ ratio would make you suspect that the genes are linked.

12:2:1:4

An mRNA molecule the sequence 5'CCG-ACG-3' is being read by a ribosome. During translation which of the following tRNA anticodons will be the first to productively bind with this mRNA?

3'-GGC-5'

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. What would the corresponding codon for the mRNA that is transcribed?

3'-UGA-5'

Use this model of a eukaryotic transcript to answer the following question(s). Which components of the previous molecule will also be found in mRNA in the cytosol?

5' UTR E1 E2 E3 E4 UTR 3'

Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for the amino acid carried by the aminoacyl-tRNA represented in the figure?

5'UUG-3'

If A is dominant to a and B is dominant to b, what is the expected phenotypic ratio if the cross AaBb x AaBb?

9:3:3:1

The phenotypic ratio resulting from a dihybrid cross of two heterozygote individuals showing independent assortment is expected to be

9:3:3:1

You want to engineer a eukaryotic gene into a bacterial colony so the bacteria express the gene. What must be included in addition to the coding exons of the gene?

A bacterial promoter sequence

What is responsible for termination of the transcription in eukaryotic protein-coding genes?

A polyadenylation, or Poly(A), signal

which of the following best describes tertiary structure of RNA?

A single nucleotide strand where multiple "stem and loop" structure begin to interact.

which statement regarding genotypes and phenotypes is false?

An organism with two different alleles for a single trait is said to be homozygous for the trait.

Which of the following processes is central to the initiation of transcription in bacteria?

Binding of sigma to the promoter region

Codons are three-base sequences that specify the addition of a single amino acid. How do eukaryotic codons and prokaryotic codons compare?

Codons are a nearly universal language among all organisms.

A nonsense mutation in a gene _____.

introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA

In the figure, what is the function of the AGU on the loop of the tRNA?

It base pairs with a codon of mRNA.

RNA and proteins combine in cells to form structures called ribosomes. Ribosomes contain the active site for peptide bond formation. Based on their chemical structures, do you think protein or RNA molecules actually form the active site within the ribosome?

It could be either, because both molecules have catalytic properties.

Which of the following best describe the redundancy in the genetic code?

More than one codon can specify the addition of the same amino acid.

Suppose that an induced mutation removed most of the 5' end of the 5' UTR of an mRNA. What is most likely to happen?

Removal of the 5' UTR also removes the 5' cap and the mRNA will quickly degrade.

What molecule in the spliceosome catalyze the intron removal reactions?

Ribozymes

An experimenter has altered the 3' end of the tRNA corresponding to the amino acid methionine in such a way as to remove the 3' bases AC. Which of the following hypotheses describes the most likely result?

The amino acid methionine will not become covalently bound.

The tRNA in the figure has its 3' end projecting beyond its 5' end. What will occur at this 3' end?

The amino acids bind covalently.

Which of the following is most likely to occur if a researcher removed the 5' cap and poly-A tail of a mRNA and inserts the mRNA molecule into a eukaryotic cell?

The molecule will be degraded by enzymes

Which of the following best explains the observation that in bacteria, there are 61 mRNA codons that specify an amino acid, but only 45 tRNAs?

The rules for base pairing between the third base of codon and tRNA are flexible.

How are RNA hairpin turns related to transcriptional termination in E coli?

The turns are formed from complementary base pairing and cause separation of the RNA transcript and RNA polymerase.

The usual sex chromosome complement of a human female is

XX

While characterizing an error-prone organism, researchers found that each of the following types of mutations occurred immediately downstream of the translation start site. Which type of mutation is likely to have the most serious effect on the function of the polypeptide product?

a deletion of two nucleotides

During elongation, RNA polymerase has three prominent channels, or grooves. These channels provide sites for all of the following EXCEPT

a site for the exit of diphosphates removed from the nucleotide triphosphates

How does termination of translation take place?

a stop codon is reached

The individual features of all organisms are the result of

both the interaction between genetics and the environment

The expressions of both alleles for a trait in a heterozygous individual illustrates

codominance

The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is _______

complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon

RNA is single stranded, can hydrogen-bond with other nucleic acids, and has functional groups that can function in catalysis. These characteristics support that RNA could have which of the following cellular roles?

forming peptide bonds

A section of DNA has the base sequence shown in #1. A mutation in this DNA strand results in the base sequence shown in #2. What type of mutation does this change represent? #15' - AGCGTTACCGT-3' #25'-AGGCGTTACCGT-3'

frameshift mutation

A carrier of a genetic disorder who does not show symptoms is most likely to be __________ to transmit it to offspring

heterozygous for the trait and able

What type of binding is responsible for maintaining the shape of the tRNA molecule shown in the figure?

hydrogen bonding between base pairs

A mutation that results in premature termination of translation _____.

is a nonsense mutation

Which of the following is TRUE? A codon____________.

is the basic unit of the genetic code

Sex-linked conditions are more common in men than in women because

men need to inherit only one copy of the recessive allele for the condition to be fully expressed.

The mutation resulting in sickle cell disease changes one base pair of DNA so that a codon now codes for a different amino acid, making it an example of a ________.

missense mutation

How many sex chromosomes are normally in a human gamete?

one

Blood samples are taken from the heel of newborn babies to test for a mutation in the PKU gene, which, if left untreated and in severe cases, can lead to mental retardation, reduced skin pigmentation, and seizures. Which concept is being illustrated by this example?

pleiotrophy

An mRNA molecule with the sequence 5′-CCG-ACG-3′is being translated at a ribosome. The following charged transfer RNA molecules (with their anticodons shown in the 3′ to 5′ direction) are available. Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form. Which of the following dipeptides will form from this mRNA?

proline-threonine

In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until __________.

several transcription factors have bound to the promoter

In E. coli, if RNA polymerase is missing ________, then transcription initiation would not occur at the appropriate initiation sites.

sigma