Bio Semester 1 UTest Reviews

The data in the graph are the result of a paramecium being placed in a hypertonic salt solution. mc026-1.jpg Based on the data in the graph, which would most likely happen if the paramecium were placed in distilled water? The contractions would increase. The contractions would decrease. The contractions would cease altogether. The contractions would establish dynamic equilibrium.

A

The table lists some organelles and functions. Only one pair is correctly matched. Functions of Organelles Organelle Function Nucleus Directs cell activity Endoplasmic reticulum Breaks down sugar molecules to supply energy Golgi apparatus Supports and protects organelles in the cell Lysosome Produces proteins for the cell Which organelle in the table is correctly matched with its function? nucleus endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus lysosome

A

What is shown in the image? mc009-1.jpg prokaryote eukaryote chloroplast mitochondrion

A

Which organelle can be compared to a security guard who decides whom may enter a building and whom may not? cell membrane cytoplasm endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion

A

[U4 UTR#12] Many different types of mutations can occur within the body. An individual experiences a mutation that changes a base in a tRNA strand, but during translation the tRNA strand still creates the same protein. Which type of mutation is responsible for the change in the tRNA base? A. silent B. missense C. nonsense D. insertion

A

[U4 UTR#15] What does a karyotype show? A. the genetic abnormalities B. the relationships among family members C. the carriers of a genetic disorder in a family D. the alleles on each chromosome

A

[U4 UTR#2] Missense, nonsense, and silent mutations are examples of which type of mutation? A. substitution B. insertion C. deletion D. replication

A

[U4 UTR#4] Which flow chart correctly organizes the structures of heredity, from least to most complex? A. codon ® gene ® DNA ® chromosome B. gene ® chromosome ® codon ® DNA C. DNA ® codon ® chromosome ® gene D. chromosome ® DNA ® gene ® codon

A

[U4 UTR#8] The DNA sequence TTG is changed to TCG and produces a new protein. Which type of mutation is this? A. missense B. nonsense C. silent D. frameshift

A

Consider the plant cells in the image below. mc019-1.jpg Which is a function of the cell structure that is labeled X? It stores lipids. It helps in cell metabolism. It provides support. It transports proteins.

C

What is the maximum magnification of a compound light microscope? 500x 1,000x 2,500x 5,000x

C

[U4 UTR#10] A strand of DNA contains the bases adenine, cytosine, cytosine, and guanine, in that order. Which would be the order of the bases on the complementary strand of DNA? A. cytosine, adenine, adenine, and thymine B. cytosine, thymine, thymine, and adenine C. thymine, guanine, guanine, and cytosine D. thymine, adenine, adenine, and cytosine

C

[U4 UTR#11] The structure of DNA resembles a twisted ladder. Which structural components form the rungs of the ladder? A. deoxyribose sugars B. phosphate groups C. nitrogenous base pairs D. ribosomes

C

[U4 UTR#3] Which best describes a codon? A. a cell structure that gives the master instructions for an organism B. a segment of DNA that is the basis of heredity in organisms C. the sequence of three bases that codes for a specific amino acid D. the basic unit of structure and function of all living things

C

[U4 UTR#5] What must first occur for transcription to begin? A. mRNA moves the code from the nucleus to the ribosome for protein production. B. A gene is expressed through protein production. C. RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter. D. A repressor protein must attach to the operator.

C

[U4 UTR#7] A DNA strand has the sequence ATCGGC. Which is the complementary strand of DNA? A. UAGCCG B. GCTAAT C. TAGCCG D. UGTCCT

C

[U5 UTR#14] Which are different forms of the same gene? genotypes phenotypes alleles traits

C

[U5 UTR#15] The diagram represents meiosis. Which of Mendel's laws or principles of inheritance can be explained by the diagram? dominance independent assortment segregation genetics

C

[U5 UTR#2] Mendel's pea plants had either purple or white flowers. This means that the plants can self-pollinate. have two recessive traits. have two alleles for the gene. have two copies of a gene from one parent.

C

[U5 UTR#7] Parents with the genotypes AO and AB have a child. What are all the possible blood types of the child? A, B O, AB A, AB, B O, AB, A

C

Chlorophyll is found in plant leaves and absorbs light from the sun to enable plants to perform photosynthesis. Magnesium is an important component of chlorophyll. The concentration of magnesium ions is higher in the root-hair cells of plants than in the soil. Which mechanism of ion uptake would best enable a plant to produce a steady supply of chlorophyll? osmosis diffusion passive transport active transport

D

The table lists some organelles and functions. Only one pair is correctly matched. Functions of Organelles Organelle Function Lysosome Stores water and waste materials Vacuole Breaks down sugars Mitochondrion Breaks down waste materials and debris Ribosome Produces proteins for the cell Which organelle in the table is correctly matched with its function? lysosome vacuole mitochondrion ribosome

D

Which microscope uses a probe to map atoms on the surface of a specimen? transmission electron microscope compound light microscope scanning electron microscope scanning tunneling microscope

D

[U4 UTR#13] Which best describes a gene? A. different allele forms of a trait B. tightly coiled strands of DNA C. the center of a chromosome D. a segment of chromosomal DNA

D

[U4 UTR#14] Which base is found only in DNA? A. adenine B. guanine C. cytosine D. thymine

D

[U4 UTR#1] Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod studied Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria by using lab experimentation. What revision to their initial hypothesis did they come up with? A. The lac operon is repressed by allolactose. B. E. coli are unable to process lactose sugar. C. All E. coli operons are always turned on. D. Two operons control bacterial respiration.

D

[U5 UTR#10] A plant that has round and yellow seeds (RrYy) is crossed with a plant that has round and yellow seeds (RrYy). What is the ratio of the offspring that will have round and yellow seeds? Key: R = round r = wrinkled Y = yellow y = green 1:16 3:16 8:16 9:16

D

[U5 UTR#3] Some flowering plants appear to have offspring that have traits that are intermediate between those of the parents. Which type of dominance is exhibited by the offspring? complete dominance blended dominance codominance incomplete dominance

D

[U5 UTR#4] If Mendel had crossed a true breeding dominant plant with a true breeding recessive plant, in which of the three generations is the recessive trait visible? F1 generation P generation F1 generation and F2 generation P generation and F2 generation

D

[U5 UTR#6] Which blood type could be given as a transfusion for patient with AB blood when the RH factor is unknown? O+ A+ AB+ AB-

D

[U5 UTR#8] In roses, red flowers and long stems are dominant traits. A rose plant that is homozygous for both red flowers and long stems is crossed with a rose plant that is heterozygous for red flowers and homozygous for short stems. What percentage of the offspring will exhibit red, long-stemmed flowers? 25 percent 50 percent 75 percent 100 percent

D

[U6 practice #9] A scientist argues that two species of birds are the same species because they have similar body structure, similar DNA, and similar beaks because they eat the same food. The birds do have some variations in color patterns and have a different mating season. Which piece of evidence would go against this argument and suggest that the birds are actually different species? The birds have similar body structure. The birds have similar beaks. The birds have different color variations. The birds have different mating seasons.

d

[U7 Unit Test Review #11] Which description applies to hinge joints? a. allows for a wide range of movement and rotation b. allows back-and-forth and side-to-side movement but limited rotation c. allows for side-to-side movement but limited rotation d. allows for simple angular movement

d

[U8 Unit Test Review #15] How do limiting factors most affect population size? a. stop population growth b. restrict population growth c. increase population size d. result in positive impacts

b

[U8 Unit Test Review #5] The tundra ecosystem of Alaska is known as a "cold desert." It receives very little precipitation, about four inches annually. However, it is rich in wetlands due to permafrost, which traps moisture close to the surface. The temperatures vary widely, also producing persistent winds. Although treeless, the Arctic tundra is an abundant ecosystem. Many organisms find their niche here including many migratory bird species and mammals such as caribou, foxes, bears, and small rodents. Which element of the tundra ecosystem is biotic? a. wind b. dead bird c. carbon dioxide d. temperature

b

[U8 Unit Test Review #6] Humans have used food processing to preserve the length of time that food can be eaten. Chemicals are added to the food to reduce bacterial growth, produce less toxins, and improve taste. Which best describes the advantages of food processing? a. control of density-independent limiting factors b. control of density-dependent limiting factors c. decrease in food nutrient levels d. adverse health affects

b

[U8 Unit Test Review #8] A population of wolves in Wyoming experienced a rapid decline. Scientists found that 20 wolves died from rabies, 15 wolves died from mange (a parasitic mite), and 10 wolves died from natural causes. Wyoming experienced a recent drought, and many populations, including deer, bison, and bear, have diminished in the past year. What is best described in this explanation? a. Wolves reached their greatest population growth. b. Wolves were exposed to too many limiting factors. c. Wolves were unaffected by other populations in Wyoming. d. Wolves' breeding season was affected by the drought.

b

[U7 Unit Test Review #15] Which best describes the brain stem? a. The brain stem is found in the midbrain. b. The brain stem controls critical thinking. c. The brain stem controls blood circulation. d. The brain stem regulates the release of hormones.

c

[U7 Unit Test Review #1] When calcium levels in the blood are too low, the body releases a hormone that removes calcium from the bones. A person who suffers from a certain type of thyroid disease will often have low blood calcium and brittle bones because the body is taking the calcium from the bones. The afflicted person will typically see an endocrinologist, who studies hormones, and an orthopedist, who studies bones. What do these two doctors have in common? a. They both focus on hormone levels. b. They both focus on bone density. c. They both look at calcium levels. d. They both look at the thyroid.

c

[U7 Unit Test Review #2] Which lists the correct order of events in the healing of cuts? a. red blood cells trapped in fibrin net, net formation by platelets, vessel constriction b. vessel dilation, platelet plug formation, net formation by red blood cells c. vessel constriction, platelet plug formation, net formation by fibrin threads d. platelets trapped in fibrin net, net formation by white blood cells, vessel dilation

c

[U8 Unit Test Review #12] Water exits the leaves of plants and enters the atmosphere. What is this process called? a. photosynthesis b. condensation c. transpiration d. precipitation

c

[U8 Unit Test Review #13] A conservation biologist has determined the status of the ecosystems in a protected area, as shown in the table below. Based on the table, which part of the pie chart represents secondary succession?Status of ecosystemsPercentage of protected area Established community 55 Secondary succession 30 Primary succession 10 Barren land 5 a. segment A b. segment B c. segment C d. segment D

c

[U8 Unit Test Review #14] If a deer eats grass, what percentage of energy will the deer acquire from the grass? a. 0.1 percent b. 1 percent c. 10 percent d. 100 percent

c

[U8 Unit Test Review #1] This picture shows the United States Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, a large portion of Alaska that is protected from human activities that would affect living things in the area as well as nonliving resources that support living things. Even though oil and other resources in the area could be collected and sold by humans to increase American wealth, construction is prohibited in the area. The most complex level of organizational hierarchy in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge that is preserved is a. the population of brown bears in the area. b. every species of fish in the area. c. every ecosystem in the area. d. the biosphere that includes Alaskan life.

c

[U8 Unit Test Review #2] How does conservation affect biodiversity? a. It helps to preserve climate change. b. It decreases species diversity. c. It helps to preserve biodiversity. d. It decreases ecosystem diversity.

c

[U6 practice #14] Variations within a species are an important part of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. Which example can be explained by individual variation? The food source in a lake is not enough to support the bass population, but it can support the trout. A population of brown bears has doubled in the past 10 years. Owls and foxes compete fiercely against each other for small rodents in their habitat. Brightly colored cardinals are better able to survive and to reproduce than darker cardinals.

d

[U6 practice #8] Consider the cladogram. According to the cladogram, which characteristic was used to separate bony fish from amphibians? jaws cartilage bony skeleton lungs

d

[U4 UTR#9] A scientist observes a pair of separate chromosomes that have genes for the same trait arranged in the same order. However, some of the alleles for the genes are different. What is the scientist most likely observing? A. homologous chromosomes with heterozygous alleles B. homologous chromosomes with homozygous alleles C. heterozygous chromosomes with heterozygous alleles D. heterozygous chromosomes with homozygous alleles

A

[U5 UTR#12] Which represents the cross between parent plants if one is heterozygous for yellow-colored pods and the other is homozygous for green-colored pods? Yy ´ yy YY ´ yy Yy ´ Yy yy ´ yy

A

[U5 UTR#9] Pedigrees help geneticists understand how traits are inherited between generations. Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked disorder that is determined by a recessive allele on the X chromosome. If Brian has a son who is color-blind, what is known about the genotype of the son's mother? She must have at least one allele for color blindness. She must have two alleles for color blindness. She cannot be homozygous recessive for the gene for color blindness. She cannot be a heterozygous carrier of the gene for color blindness.

A

A new multicellular organism has been discovered, and scientists want to study the organism's cell structures, including organelles. Which microscope should they use? scanning electron microscope transmission electron microscope compound light microscope simple microscope

B

A patient is in need of hydration. Which type of solution are the patient's cells most likely in? hypotonic hypertonic isotonic osmotic

B

An animal cell (left) and a plant cell (right) are shown. Which organelle, labeled X in the diagram, is found in both plant and animal cells? the cell wall the cell membrane mitochondria ribosomes

B

Shannon is making a Venn diagram to organize the characteristics of cell walls and cell membranes. Which pair of characteristics both belong in the two areas of the Venn diagram that do not intersect? helps with communication; contains mostly cellulose contains mostly cellulose; forms the outer layer of animal cells is found in plant cells; is found in animal cells is semipermeable; found in animal cells

B

Which homeostatic process is characterized by the diffusion of water molecules? active transport osmosis passive transport dynamic equilibrium

B

Which is a function of the cell membrane? performs photosynthesis controls what enters and leaves the cell protects the external structures of the cell provides energy to the cell

B

[U5 UTR#11] The Punnett square predicts the ratio of genotypes in the offspring based on the genotypes of the parents. Which Punnett square represents a cross between a mom who is heterozygous for dimples and a dad who is homozygous for no dimples? A Punnett square is shown. The columns are labeled Upper D and Upper D. The rows are labeled d and d. Clockwise from upper left the boxes contain: Upper D d, Upper D d, Upper D d, Upper D d. A Punnett square is shown. The columns are labeled Upper D and d. The rows are labeled d and d. Clockwise from upper left the boxes contain: Upper D d, d d, d d, Upper D d. A Punnett square is shown. The columns are labeled Upper D and d. The rows are labeled Upper D and d. Clockwise from upper left the boxes contain: Upper D Upper D, Upper D d, d d, UpperD d. A Punnett square is shown. The columns are labeled Upper D and Upper D. The rows are labeled Upper D and Upper D. Clockwise from upper left the boxes contain: Upper D Upper D, Upper D Upper D, Upper D Upper D, Upper D Upper D.

B

[U5 UTR#13] The diagram represents a dihybrid cross between two pea plants heterozygous for both seed color and seed shape. What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring? 1:1:1:1:2:2:2:2:4 1:3:3:9 1:4 4:12

B

[U5 UTR#1] Punnett squares are used to show possible combinations of alleles or to predict the probability of a trait occurring in offspring. An incomplete dominance cross is performed between a bird that is homozygous for red feathers and a bird that is homozygous for blue feathers. Purple offspring result. Then, two of the purple offspring are crossed. According to the Punnett square for this cross, how many of the offspring from the second cross will have a feather color that results from incomplete dominance? 1 in 4 2 in 4 3 in 4 4 in 4

B

[U5 UTR#5] Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder that is passed through generations and can be traced by using a pedigree. Who has hemophilia in the pedigree that is shown? John and Ann Fred and Luke John, Charles, Jack, and Irene Ann and Marie

B

[U6 practice #15] What did Charles Darwin discover as a result of his experiments with breeding pigeons? Desirable traits can be selected for and bred in offspring. Humans can create new species through selective breeding. Dogs and plants can be bred the in same way as pigeons. The pigeons had distinctive traits that were passed on to offspring.

a

[U6 practice #2] Which is the correct written form of the scientific name that uses the rules of binomial nomenclature? Felis domesticus Felis Domesticus Felis domesticus felis domesticus

a

[U6 practice #5] Consider the classification levels of a human. Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens Which is the most specific taxonomic level in the classification system above? sapiens Homo Hominidae Primates

a

[U7 Unit Test Review #13] Which of the following are sites where waste products are released from the body but not where they are produced? a. skin and anus b. large intestine and small intestine c. liver and kidney d. tubules and ureters

a

[U7 Unit Test Review #14] Which substance is constantly processed by some excretory organs even though it is not excreted by the excretory system? a. blood b. sweat c. urea d. water

a

[U7 Unit Test Review #4] The Heimlich maneuver is a series of pushing motions on the area just under the diaphragm that helps a person whose airway is blocked. Which best explains how this maneuver helps unblock a person's airway? a. Pushing the diaphragm causes air to flow out of the lungs, which pushes the blockage out. b. Pushing the diaphragm causes blood to rush to the area that pushes the blockage out. c. Pushing the diaphragm allows the brain to produce hormones that push the blockage out. d. Pushing the diaphragm causes a person's ribs to contract, which pushes the blockage out.

a

[U7 Unit Test Review #6] Why is blood clotting important? a. It helps to heal cuts. b. It helps the blood circulate. c. It helps attack foreign materials. d. It helps to pump blood.

a

[U7 Unit Test Review #9] What is the main component of the thin filaments in muscle fibers and is responsible for muscle contraction? a. actin b. myosin c. actin and myosin d. nerve and bone

a

[U8 Unit Test Review #11] Which term refers to all areas of Earth where life exists? a. biosphere b. biome c. community d. ecosystem

a

[U8 Unit Test Review #3] Arianne recently traveled abroad where she enjoyed eating food from different countries and learning about different cultures. A week after she returned home, she checked into the hospital with signs of nausea, fever, and diarrhea. What best explains what happened to Arianne? a. A parasitic bacteria contaminated her food. b. A mutualistic bacteria infected her digestive system. c. A commensalistic organism is now living in her intestine. d. A predatorial organism is consuming her natural bacteria.

a

[U8 Unit Test Review #4] What term includes all the biotic and abiotic elements in an area? a. ecosystem b. population c. biome d. organ

a

[U8 Unit Test Review #7] Humans affect the carbon cycle in many ways through the use of fossil fuels, clear cutting of forests, and controlled burns. Which of the following processes can help counteract these human interactions? a. photosynthesis b. respiration c. decomposition d. building proteins

a

[U8 Unit Test Review #9] Which shows the levels of organizational hierarchy listed from least complex to most complex? a. population, community, ecosystem b. ecosystem, population, community c. community, population, ecosystem d. community, ecosystem, population

a

[U8 Unit Test Review #10] The African snail is a large snail that eats at least 500 different types of plants and is one of the top 100 invasive species in the world. What is the most likely way the snail was introduced into Florida? a. A small animal was carrying one on its fur. b. A boy brought a pair home as pets. c. Two swam across the ocean. d. One stuck to an airplane's wing.

b

[U6 practice #10] Why do a chicken embryo and a cow embryo look very similar even though the adults do not? They are not related, but still have similar development. They are distantly related, so their development is similar. The embryos mutate in utero to form different structures. The genetic makeup of the two species is similar.

b

[U6 practice #11] Which of these are most likely homologous structures? bat wing and dragonfly wing bat wing and Tyrannosaurus arm dragonfly wing and Tyrannosaurus arm bat wing, dragonfly wing, and Tyrannosaurus arm

b

[U6 practice #12] Consider the cladogram. Which is the best description of the two organisms highlighted in pink? They are separated by two nodes. They share a recent common ancestor. They belong to the same species. They are ancestors of each other.

b

[U6 practice #13] Consider the virus that has a complex shape.Which organism does this virus infect? animals bacteria plants fungi

b

[U6 practice #1] A founding population of lizards arrives on an island. Which type of isolation would most likely result in this population becoming a new species? temporal geographical anatomical behavioral

b

[U6 practice #3] Carlos is collecting data about the length of earthworms in his backyard. The shortest worm he found is 4 inches long; the longest worm is 8 inches long. If most of the worms are either short or long, which type of distribution is displayed in the population? directional disruptive stabilizing normal

b

[U6 practice #4] Populations of organisms that exhibit a high degree of variation have a greater chance for survival than populations of organisms that show little variation. This statement is always true. usually true. rarely true. never true.

b

[U6 practice #6] Which structure allows a virus to recognize and attach to receptors on the host cell? cell wall capsid protein cell membrane nucleic acid

b

[U6 practice #7] In rock layers, jellyfish fossils are found lower than trilobite fossils, and trilobite fossils are found lower than ammonite fossils. What can be determined from this information? Trilobites existed before jellyfish and ammonites. Jellyfish existed before trilobites and ammonites. Ammonites existed before trilobites and jellyfish. Jellyfish, trilobites, and ammonites lived together.

b

[U7 Unit Test Review #10] What is the function of the type of muscle that is pictured below? https://media.edgenuity.com/evresources/3209-11-03/mc013-1.jpg a. support and movement of the skeleton b. movement of food through the digestive system c. contraction and relaxation of the heart d. generation and conduction of electrical signals

b

[U7 Unit Test Review #12] Which best describes the muscular system? a. The muscular system is made up of about 150 muscles. b. The muscular system helps in digestion and circulation. c. The muscular system allows conduction of nerve impulses. d. The muscular system allows for movement by pushing.

b

[U7 Unit Test Review #5] Why is an angioplasty an incorrect treatment for an aneurysm? a. Aneurysms cannot be treated. b. An angioplasty may rupture the blood vessel wall. c. An angioplasty can have dangerous drug reactions. d. Aneurysms are treated only with pacemakers.

b

[U7 Unit Test Review #8] Which best describes the top and bottom images of muscle contraction? Top: https://media.edgenuity.com/evresources/3209-11-03/mc023-1.jpg Bottom: https://media.edgenuity.com/evresources/3209-11-03/mc023-2.jpg a. The top image is in step 2, and the bottom image is in step 1. b. The top image is in step 1, and the bottom image is in step 3. c. Both images are in step 1. d. Both images are in step 3.

b

[U7 Unit Test Review #3] Taking into consideration the function of the types of tissue and their integrated role in the how the body works, which types of tissue play a role in protecting the body from internal and external hazards? I. epithelial II. muscle III. connective IV. nervous a. I and III b. III and IV c. I, II, and IV d. I, II, III, and IV

d

[U7 Unit Test Review #7] Keisha cut her hand while making dinner, which caused a lot of bleeding. Which mechanism did her body use to minimize the blood loss? a. Blood thickened in the blood vessels near the cut. b. Blood vessels near the cut dilated. c. Blood stopped flowing in blood vessels near the cut. d. Blood vessels near the cut constricted.

d