Bio Study Guide

Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations?

B. Only species Y is anaerobic.

What function does ATP carry out in living things?

B. Used to capture and transfer energy

In the figure below, why might the candle in jar A burn longer than the candle in jar B?

D. Oxygen produced by the plant allows the candle to burn longer.

Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration take place in the cells of a leaf. What products from cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis?

D. Water and carbon dioxide

Which of the following diagrams accurately represents the use of gases in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Answer: A

Cellular respiration is almost the reverse of photosynthesis. Which compounds are produced in the chloroplast and used by the mitochondria?

A. Glucose, oxygen

While making bread at home, Alex notices that the bread rose faster when he left it in a warm location. What could account for the faster rising time?

Yeast cells digest glucose faster at a warmer temperature because enzymes used by the cell to convert sugar into energy and carbon dioxide function more productively at higher temperatures. Increased carbon dioxide production causes the dough to rise.

A weightlifter is using heavy weights in short bursts for a competition. Because his muscle cells are not able to take in enough oxygen to make very much ATP the weightlifter begins to get fatigue in his muscles. Which of the following processes is most likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event?

A. As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration, which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.

Cellular respiration in prokaryotic cells does not require oxygen. What is this process called?

B. Anaerobic

The illustration below shows the pigmented organelle in which photosynthesis takes place. What are these organelles called?

B. Chloroplasts

During photosynthesis, light energy is absorbed and used to create carbohydrates. Chlorophyll a and b are the main types of pigments found in chloroplasts in plant cells. What color indicates the wavelength that plant cells do NOT absorb during photosynthesis?

B. Green

Anaerobic microorganisms, such as yeast, go through a process that breaks down glucose into carbon dioxide and ethanol without the presence of oxygen. What is this process called?

C. Fermentation

Living organisms obtain energy by breaking down organic molecules during cellular respiration. Which of the following is the correct sequence for cellular respiration?

C. Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport system

In the overall equation for photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water result in a molecule of sugar and six molecules of

C. Oxygen.

What is the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) within a cell?

D. Biological molecule that stores energy

In the contained ecosystem below the organisms will need to get food and any other requirements within the system. How do the plants get enough carbon dioxide to go through photosynthesis?

D. The living things within the system will produce carbon dioxide as a product of cellular respiration.

ATP is the most important biological molecule that provides chemical energy. How does ATP release energy?

D. When the bond between the second and third phosphate of ATP is broken

In many life functions enzymes work to catalyze reactions. Which statement below is true of all enzymes?

C. An enzyme only catalyzes one specific chemical reaction.

During both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, the products are similar. Which option below contains products produced by both types of respiration?

C. Carbon dioxide and water

Mike has four aquatic plants of the same size and the same species. He submerges the plants in a separate beaker filled with 200 ml of water. He then sets each beaker under a different intensity of light. Mike observes that, of the four plants, the plant in the beaker under the most intense light gives off the most gas bubbles in a 20 minute period. Which of the following statements best explains Mike's observations?

C. Photosynthesis occurs at the highest rate under the most intense light.

A potted plant is placed inside a clear, sealed vacuum container that has water pumped into it on a regular basis. The container is placed in the sun and the plant's growth is monitored. Which statement best describes what will most likely happen to the plant over time?

C. The plant will die because it does not have carbon dioxide for photosynthesis

During an experiment Matteo is instructed to add a substance to one setup. This setup goes through the same chemical reaction, but it occurs quicker than the other setups. What do you call the substance Matteo added that caused the reaction to speed up?

Catalyst

During cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells, glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water molecules. Which energy source is produced during the process of breaking down the glucose molecules?

D. Adenosine triphosphate

During an experiment, Nathan observes that when a plant is placed in a closed vial with water and a few drops of bromothymol blue, and placed in a dark location, the liquid changes from blue to yellow. The liquid turns back to blue when the container is placed in light. What is bromothymol blue reacting to in this experiment?

D. Concentration of carbon dioxide in the water

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about ATP?

D. Used ATP is discarded by the cell as waste

The diagram below shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship?

A. The products of cellular respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis.

In the structure of a leaf, specialized cells function as gates that open and close to allow gases to pass into and out of the leaf. The illustration below shows these cells. If you were to test the gases passing out of the leaf at night, what would you observe?

B. Carbon dioxide would be passing from the leaf into the surrounding atmosphere.

Erika performs an experiment and graphs her data, as shown below. ENZYME ACTIVITY AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES Which inference can she make from the data collected?

B. Enzyme A would work well in the human body because its optimal temperature is very close to the body's average temperature.

Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration take place in the leaves of plants. The diagram below shows a plant undergoing photosynthesis. What products from photosynthesis are used in cellular respiration?

B. Glucose and oxygen

Cellular respiration occurs in two main parts, glycolysis and aerobic respiration. What are the reactants needed for aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells?

B. Glucose and oxygen

If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant's environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant's production of high-energy sugars?

B. No sugars will be produced.

Pepsin is an enzyme that works in the stomax ch. Pepsin breaks down proteins and is most efficient in an acidic environment. How will the addition of an antacid into the stomach affect pepsin's efficiency?

B. Pepsin will not work as well because the stomach contents will become more basic.

In which experimental setup shown above would you expect the Elodea plant inside the test tube to produce the LEAST amount of oxygen?

A. A

During an experiment Matteo is instructed to add a substance to one setup. This setup goes through the same chemical reaction, but it occurs quicker than the other setups. What do you call the substance Matteo added that caused the reaction to speed up?

A. Catalyst

In an experiment observing yeast respiration, Douglas notes that during the first day, carbon dioxide was produced. After three days, alcohol was produced. Which statement below would explain these results?

A. It took three days for the yeast cells to finish a fermentation cycle to produce the alcohol.

Two test tubes were filled with a solution of bromothymol blue. A student exhaled through a straw into each tube, and the bromothymol blue turned yellow. An aquatic green plant was placed into each tube, and the tubes were corked. One tube was placed in the dark, and one was placed in direct sunlight. The yellow solution in the tube in sunlight turned blue, while the one in the dark remained yellow. Which statement best explains why the solution in the tube placed in sunlight returned to a blue color?

A. Oxygen was produced by photosynthesis.

A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27°C. The gas being collected is probably

A. Oxygen.