Bio Test 2

A DNA specimen that contains 30% guanine contains how much thymine? 30% 15% 20% The amount of thymine cannot be determined. 60%

20%

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that can synthesize DNA from an RNA template. What DNA sequence is produced from an RNA molecule with the sequence 5'AUUGACGGU3'? 3'UAACUGCCA5' 5'TTTCTGCCT3' 3'TAACTGCCA5' 3'TUUCTGCCU5' 5'ATTCAGCCT3'

3'TAACTGCCA5'

What is the complement DNA strand to 5′-ATTCGGTGA-3′? 5′-TAAGCCACT-3′ 3′-TAAGCCACT-5′ 3′-CGGATTGTC-5′ 3′-ATTCGGTGA-5′ 5′-CGGATTGTC-3′

3′-TAAGCCACT-5′

Light reaction essiencial for calvin cycle

4 electrons and oxygen

Which is FALSE when comparing RNA and DNA? Both are produced by phosphodiester linkages. Both are composed of phosphate groups. Both are composed of sugars. Both are composed of identical nucleotides. Both are composed of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Both are composed of identical nucleotides.

37)products of the citric acid cycle

CO2/NADH/Pyruvate/QH2

This produces short sequences of RNA, which allows polymerase to synthesize a new strand of DNA. DNA polymerase DNA helicase DNA ligase DNA primase DNA topoisomerase

DNA primase

Which statement best describes DNA polymerase? It is an enzyme required to produce a primer needed for DNA replication. It is an enzyme required to glue pieces of DNA fragments together. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the 3′ end of a growing DNA strand. It is an enzyme that polymerizes the DNA and keeps the replication fork open. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the 5′ end of a growing DNA strand.

It is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the 3′ end of a growing DNA strand

Which of these statements is FALSE? A eukaryotic genome is made up of many DNA molecules A strand of DNA is made up of many nucleotides A DNA double helix is composed of both covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds One chromosome is made up of many DNA molecules

One chromosome is made up of many DNA molecules

What is the highest (or most complex) level of structure for genetic material? chromosome nucleotide gene DNA double helix

chromosome

38)what is the best explination?

enzymes in the cell catalyze the breakdown of gucose

An organized unit of DNA sequences that enables a segment of DNA to be transcribed into RNA, and ultimately results in the formation of a functional product, is called a expression. trait. chromosome. gene. allele.

gene

The processes of transcription and translation are collectively known as gene expression. protein synthesis. gene duplication. DNA synthesis. RNA processing.

gene expression.

Which molecule catalyzes covalent bond formation between fragments of DNA. ligase helicase primase polymerase nuclease

ligase

The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides. chromosomes. amino acids. double helices. genes.

nucleotides.

The nucleotides within DNA are composed of a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base. phosphate group, ribose sugar, and nitrogenous base. sulfur group, ribose sugar, and nitrogenous base. sulfur group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base. phosphate group, hexose sugar, and nitrogenous base.

phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base.

The transcription process in a eukaryotic gene directly produces protein. pre-mRNA. rRNA. mRNA. DNA.

pre-mRNA.

Transcription begins near a site in the DNA called the enhancer promoter response element transcription unit regulatory sequence

promoter

What is NOT a protein involved in DNA replication? topoisomerase single-stranded binding proteins DNA ligase replication fork helicase

replicaton fork

The mechanism of DNA replication is conservative. complementary. dispersive. semiconservative. intermediate.

semiconservative

3 components of DNA

sugar Phosphate, one of 4 bases

Which of these proteins-functions is mismatched? single-stranded binding proteins..........prevents single DNA strands from reforming into a double helix topoisomerase..........separates double-stranded DNA into single strands DNA primase..........production of RNA primer DNA polymerase..........primer removal and replacement with DNA DNA polymerase..........DNA synthesis

topoisomerase..........separates double-stranded DNA into single strands

What products of nonstructural genes are never translated? ribosomal RNA messenger RNA transfer RNA ribosomal RNA and messenger RNA transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA

transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA

Which relationship about nucleotide composition in DNA is correct? C=T C=A C+A=G+T G=T C+G=A+T

✓ C+A=G+T

During DNA replication, proteins that are important for separating the DNA strands and allowing movement of the replication fork include each of these EXCEPT DNA polymerase. helicase. topoisomerase. single-stranded binding proteins. both helicase and topoisomerase.

DNA polymerase.

What is NOT a criterion for an organism's genetic material? The genetic material must be transmitted from parent to offspring. The genetic material must contain information necessary to construct a whole organism. The genetic material must be dynamic, changing rapidly in response to changes in the environment. Genetic material must account for the known variation within each species and among different species. To transmit information the genetic material must be replicated.

The genetic material must be dynamic, changing rapidly in response to changes in the environment.

Why is there a need to produce Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, but not on the leading strand of DNA? By having one leading strand and one lagging strand the cell can limit the amount of DNA polymerase used for chromosomal replication. The leading strand opens first, and so Okazaki fragments are not needed. The lagging strand unwinds second resulting in the need to produce Okazaki fragments. It is substantially more efficient to make several shorter strands rather than one longer strand of DNA. There is not enough cellular DNA ligase for bonding Okazaki fragments together if they were produced from both parental strands. The two parental strands of DNA are antiparallel and DNA polymerase makes DNA in the 5′ to 3′ direction only.

The two parental strands of DNA are antiparallel and DNA polymerase makes DNA in the 5′ to 3′ direction only

Analyze each statement and decide which are CORRECT. It is possible for one RNA polymerase to transcribe one strand of DNA in the 5' to 3' direction and another RNA polymerase to transcribe the complimentary strand of DNA in the 5' to 3' direction, producing two different transcripts It is possible for one RNA polymerase to transcribe one strand of DNA in the 5' to 3' direction and another RNA polymerase to transcribe the complimentary strand of DNA in the 5' to 3' direction, producing two identical transcripts RNA polymerase simultaneously transcribes both strands of DNA It is possible for one RNA polymerase to transcribe one strand of DNA in the 5' to 3' direction and another RNA polymerase to transcribe the complimentary strand of DNA in the 3' to 5' direction, producing two different transcripts It is possible for one RNA polymerase to transcribe one strand of DNA in the 5' to 3' direction and another RNA polymerase to transcribe the complimentary strand of DNA in the 3' to 5' direction, producing two identical transcripts

It is possible for one RNA polymerase to transcribe one strand of DNA in the 5' to 3' direction and another RNA polymerase to transcribe the complimentary strand of DNA in the 5' to 3' direction, producing two different transcripts

What is true of chromatin? Many active genes are found in heterochromatin, because proteins involved in transcription can easily access these regions of DNA. Many active genes are found in euchromatin, because proteins involved in transcription can easily access these regions of DNA. Heterochromatin is composed of damaged DNA that is waiting to undergo repair before DNA can be replicated. Euchromatin is most easily viewed in interphase cells. Euchromatin is composed of damaged DNA that is waiting to undergo repair before DNA can be replicated.

Many active genes are found in euchromatin, because proteins involved in transcription can easily access these regions of DNA.

What is the function of the poly A tail? The poly A tail is required for the mRNA to resume its double helical structure The poly A tail is required for the termination of translation, it is recognized by the release factor proteins The poly A tail increases mRNA stability in prokaryotes The poly A tail increases mRNA stability in eukaryotes The poly A tail serves as a termination sequence for RNA polymerase III

The poly A tail increases mRNA stability in eukaryotes