bio test 3

Which of the following scenarios would best facilitate adaptive radiation

A population of birds becomes stranded on an island archipelago.

Which of the following is NOT true about insects?

All insects have three life stages: larva, pupa, and adult.

The most commonly accepted "tree of life" suggests that, after the origin of life, which of the following events occurred?

Bacteria arose from the first self-replicating, metabolizing cells.

Which of the following best explains the difference between homologous and analogous structures and traits?

Examples of homologous structures would be a human arm and a bat wing, whereas examples of analogous structures would be a flying mammal and a flying insect.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

More than 96% of the animal kingdom is made up of invertebrates.

Thomas Malthus's 1798 work, "Essay on the Principle of Population," greatly influenced Darwin. Which of the following statements best summarizes Malthus's idea?

People reproduce much more quickly than their resources do. This results in competition for food and space, and in suffering and death.

Under what conditions might the morphological species concept be used instead of the biological species concept?

The fossils of the species are similar, but evidence for reproductive isolation between them is unclear.

Which of the following is an important reason that natural selection does not lead to perfect organisms?

There are often multiple alleles for a trait; each allele may represent an equally fit "solution" to the challenges of the environment. Variation is created by random processes and natural selection can only "work" with the variations that show up. Environments change quickly; natural selection may be too slow to adapt an organism in a population to the constantly "moving target" of the environment.

The most ancient branching point in the phylogeny of animals is the one that distinguishes between having

True tissues or no tissues

1. Which of the following statements about mutations is FALSE?

a. Mutations always decrease an organism's fitness.

19. Which of the following is NOT true about amphibians?

b. Throughout their lives, amphibians can live in both water and on land.

Polyploidy

b. is an increased number of sets of chromosomes.

1. The classic "Miller experiments," performed in the 1950s by Harold Urey and Stanley Miller, were the first to show that:

b. simple organic molecules, such as amino acids, could form spontaneously in the laboratory under chemical conditions mimicking those of primitive Earth.

Which of the following characteristics could NOT be used to differentiate the three worm phyla, Annelida, Platyhelminthes, and Nematoda?

bilateral symmetry

Which of the following is TRUE about eukaryotes?

c. They split from archaeans with the development of organelles.

Which of the following is a cause of background extinction?

changing environmental conditions competition natural selection

19. Scientists can never observe evolution in action. This statement is:

d. false; multiply replicated, controlled laboratory experiments and long-term studies of natural populations have enabled scientists to observe and measure evolution as it occurs.

The amino acid chains making up hemoglobin in different species:

differ depending how long it has been since the species last shared a common ancestor.

Sponges are:

hermaphrodites asexual. sessile. members of phylum Porifera.

The amount of time that has passed since two species last shared a common ancestor:

is revealed by the degree of similarity in sections of their DNA.

Which of the following is NOT an important feature in distinguishing animals from each other?

method of locomotion (movement)

Consider a population of 5,000 garter snakes. Two hundred of those snakes split off from the population to a new habitat. When the original population dropped from 5,000 to 4,800, the allele frequencies of various genes changed. The evolutionary process that caused the change in allele frequencies in the original population is:

migration

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

molecular biology: examination of life at the level of atoms and compounds

In the plant kingdom, all of the species are descended from a single common ancestor. In terms of phylogeny, what type of tree of life is this?

monophyletic

Which one of the following is a common feature among bacteria?

no nucleus or organelles asexual circular DNA molecule(s) single celled

A population consists of a group of organisms

of the same species living in a specific geographic area that have the potential to interbreed.

Which of the following correctly pairs a stage of arthropod metamorphosis with its most significant change at that stage?

pupa: body structures of the larva are broken down and reassembled

Which of these animals is a tetrapod that does NOT produce amniotic eggs?

salamander

All groups of animals have nervous systems EXCEPT:

sponges

Which of the following is NOT one of the major evolutionary adaptations that occurred as animals moved from water to land?

swim bladder

Which of the following accurately states the goal of biological classification?

the grouping of organisms into categories that reflects their evolutionary history

Which of the following is not a pair of homologous structures?

wing of a housefly and the eye of a dog

Which of the following statements best describes artificial selection?

Artificial selection still exhibits differential reproductive success; however, mating and crossing is directed by humans and not nature.

Which of the following is true of ALL animals?

They are capable of movement at some stage of their life cycle.

Which of the following characteristics would NOT increase or decrease the fitness of the organisms that possess it?

c. Certain sterile mules in a population carry genes that allow them to carry heavier loads than other sterile mules in the population that do not possess those genes.

Which of the following is the BEST evidence of organized social groups among early Homo species?

c. burial sites exhibiting evidence of rituals

Which type of adaptation is most likely to occur over evolutionary time?

c. one that causes the individuals in a population to more efficiently reproduce in the environment in which they live

The average time to death from starvation in a fruit fly is about 20 hours. Selecting for increased starvation resistance in fruit flies:

can produce populations in which the average time to death from starvation is 160 hours.