bio test 4 module 11 gene expressions

gene expression is ______

both transcription and translation

a(n) ______ element is next to the gene being transcribed on the same chromosome

cis-acting

gene products that are needed consistently are ______ in prokaryotes

constitutively expressed

the key to epigenetic regulation is ______

controlling accessibility to transcription factors and RNA polymerase binding

genes associated with metabolism of a specific substance, such as lactose, are typically contained on ______ operons

inducible

cells express different genes in response to _____

internal triggers and external triggers

RNA splicing removes ______ from the RNA transcript

introns

RNA splicing removes _______ from the RNA transcript

introns

in _______, transcription and translation occur simultaneously

prokaryotes

tightly coiled DNA is

transcriptionally inactive

______ brings an enhancer into contact with transcription factors and other proteins to increase transcription

DNA-bending protein

the binding of _______ is required for transcription to start

RNA polymerase

the rate at which RNA decays is known as ______

RNA stability

alternative splicing allows ______

different protein products to be produced from one gene

changes in gene regulation that are caused by modifications to histones and the DNA, but not the nucleotide sequence itself, are known as ______

epigenetic

_____ gene regulation occurs from transcription beyond translation

eukaryotic

______ is required to give cells unique specializations

gene expression

in order for the lac operon to be triggered, lactose must be present and _______

glucose stores depleted

the main role of the catabolite activator protein is to ______

increase the binding ability of RNA polymerase to the lac operon promoter region

what will result from the binding of a transcription factor to an enhancer region

increased transcription of a distant gene

______ play a role in destroying mRNA targets

miRNAs

in prokaryotes, the trp operon is under _______ that ________ prevents RNA polymerase from binding

negative regulation/physically

RNA splicing occurs in the ______

nucleus

in prokaryotes the ______ is located between the RNA polymerase binding site and the transcriptional start of the first gene in an operon

operator

in prokaryotes, structural proteins in a single biochemical pathway are usually found as a(n) ______ within the genome

operon

______ operons typically contain genes encoding components in biosynthetic pathways

repressible

prokaryotic gene regulation occurs at the level of

transcription

for transcription to begin in eukaryotes, ______ must bind the DNA first

transcription factors

the ______ operon contains five genes that are switched off when tryptophan is present in the environment

trp

the ______ of mRNA regulate localization, stability, and translation

untranslated regions