Bio Unit 1 Review

There are three types of molecules used to build cells: carbohydrates, ____, and proteins

lipids

Which of the following molecules is completely insoluble in water?

lipids

How are lipids best defined?

lipids are biological compounds that are not soluble in water

Mitochondria

location of cellular respiration, which produces ATP

Chloroplast

location of photosynthesis in plants and some protists

Glycogen is which type of carbohydrate?

polysaccharide

Which of the following are true statements about an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

-an enzyme speeds up the conversion of substrate to product -enzymes are not used up in the chemical reaction -an enzyme reduces the activation energy required for a reaction

Carbohydrate molecules consist of what three types of atoms? -nitrogen -carbon -oxygen -phosphate -hydrogen

-carbon -oxygen -hydrogen

Which of the following are products of cellular respiration? -carbon dioxide -water -glucose -ATP -Oxygen -Starch

-carbon dioxide -ATP -water

Which of the following do all cells have? -cell membrane -nucleus -cell wall -DNA -RNA -ribosomes

-cell membrane -DNA -RNA -ribosomes

Which of the following structures are common to plant cells? -cell wall -smooth ER -mitochondria -nucleus -rough ER -cell membrane -chloroplasts -centrioles

-cell wall -smooth ER -mitochondria -nucleus -rough ER -cell membrane -chloroplasts

Which organelles and cell parts are found in plant cells but not animals cells? -nucleus -chloroplasts -cell wall -mitochondria

-chloroplast -cell wall

Which of the following are examples of proteins?

-enzymes -structural molecules -antibodies

The components of lipids that consist of long chains of carbon and hydrogen are called

fatty acids

Central vacuole

large, fluid-filled sac for storing water and metabolites in plants

What is the term used to describe each glucose molecule in a glycogen molecule?

monomer

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates like sucrose or glycogen?

monosaccharides

Animal cells have an organelle in which their DNA is located. This organelle is called a ___

nucleus

Which fo the following distinctive structures do all cells have?

plasma membrane

What is the name given to a chain composed of many subunits, such as starch, cellulose, or a polypeptide?

polymer

Measuring the amount of ___ made by a reaction is one way to determine the activity of an enzyme

product

Which of these cell-building molecuels is made by linking amino acids together?

proteins

three types of macromolecules that are used to build cells are carbohydrates, lipids, and __

proteins

Which of the following best describes molecular motion?

random directions

The difference between the structure of saturated fats and unsaturated fats is that ____.

saturated fats contain single bonds only between their carbon atoms

A membrane allows glucose through but not sucrose and galactose. What type of membrane is this?

selectively permeable

A membrane allows water through but will not allow any solutes to pass. What type of membrane is this?

selectively permeable

What is a monomer?

small repeating molecular unit in a polymer chain

Imagine you have solute molecules at a very high concentration at a specific location within a solvent. All molecules move around randomly. What will result over a period of time?

solute molecules will spread out evenly reaching equilibrium

Which of the following carbohydrates is a disaccharide?

sucrose

Which of these is a carbohydrate?

sugar

The stages of the cellular respiration pathway that occur in the mitochondria are

aerobic

Which of the following statements about enzymes are true?

-enzymes lower the energy of activation for the reaction that they catalyze -enzymes are not consumed in the reaction they catalyze -enzymes bind their substrate but are not changed in the reaction

Examples of lipids include __

-fats -oils -steroids -cholesterol

Molecular motion occurs in which of the following substances?

-gas -liquid -semisolid

Which of the following are functions of the plasma membrane? -location of organelles and other contents of cell -boundary between inside of cell and its environment -provides shape, support, and strength to the cell -surrounds the cytoplasm

-location -provides shape -surrounds

Which of the following are components of a fatty acid?

-long helical chain of monosaccharides -carboxyl group

Which of the following is/are methods used to measure the activity of an enzyme?

-measuring how much product is made -measuring the rate at which the temperature changes -measuring how much substrate is used

Which of the following organelles are found in both plant and animal cells? -mitochondria -chloroplasts -cell wall -golgi apparatus -ribosomes -nucleus -centrioles

-mitochondria -golgi apparatus -ribosomes -nucleus

Which of the following are features all cells have in common? -cell wall -plasma membrane -chloroplasts -endoplasmic reticulum -cytoplasm

-plasma membrane -cytoplasm

Which of the following terms is/are components of a catalyzed chemical reaction?

-product -substrate -enzyme -reactant

Which of the following molecules can be formed when monosaccharides combine?

-sucrose -glycogen -disaccharides -polysaccharides

Proteins have many functions, including -energy storage -support -motion -defense -transport

-support -motion -defense -transport

What is a Cell

-the basic unit of life cells are the smallest unit of life that can -function independently -perform all of the activities necessary for life

Which of the following are products of cellular respiration? -water -glucose -oxygen -starch -ATP -carbon dioxide

-water -carbon dioxide -ATP

Two solutions are made by mixing sugar and enough water to make a 1 liter solution. One solution contains 10% sugar and the other solution contains 20% sugar. Which solution has more solvent?

10%

A carbohydrate is a macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in what ratio?

1:2:1

Carbohydrates, like glycogen and cellulose are examples of polymers. What is a polymer?

A chain of similar building blocks called subunits, or monomers

Which of the following is absolutely required for the production of ATP?

ADP and P

Which of the following is located within the mitochondria?

ETC

RER

Network of membranes studded with ribosomes; plays a role in protein synthesis

S ER

Network of membranes that is the site of lipid synthesis and detoxification

Which of the following is released from ATP, providing a cell with energy?

P

Why don't water and oil mix?

because lipids are insoluble in water and other polar solvents

What gas is produced by cellular respiration?

carbon dioxide

the smallest unit of life that can function independently and perform all of the activities necessary for life is called a(n) ____

cell

Plant cells have an organelle that stores water and metabolites called

central vacuole

The specific animal cell structure that helps to reorganize microtubules is

centrioles

Which organelle or cell part is found in animal cells but not in plant cells?

centrioles

Plant cells have organelles called ___ that carry out photosynthesis to make sugars

chloroplasts

What is a lipid?

cholesterol

In order for diffusion to occur, there must be a

concentration gradient

Maltose is which type of carbohydrate?

disaccharide

How is enzyme activity influenced by pH?

the pH can alter how well the substrate fits in the active site

When a glycerol molecule is chemically bonded to three fatty acids, it becomes a specific type of lipid called a(n)__.

triglyceride

Which of the following describes the structure of a disaccharide?

two monosaccharides bonded together

What is the solvent in biological mixtures such as cytoplasm and blood?

water