BIO125 Practice Test 1

Germ cells have ___________________ unpaired chromosomes and are thus called ____________ cells. A. 23; somatic B. 23; haploid C. 23; diploid D. 46; somatic E. 46; diploid

B. 23; haploids

_________________ opens up one segment of the DNA helix during replication, whereas _______________ adds complementary free nucleotides to the exposed DNA strand. A. DNA ligase; DNA helicase B. DNA helicase; DNA polymerase C. DNA ligase; DNA polymerase D. DNA helicase; DNA ligase E. DNA polymerase; DNA ligase

B. DNA helicase; DNA polymerase

______ is not an organic compound. A. C16H18N3ClS B. Na2HPO3(H2O)5 C. CH4 D. C3H7O2N

B. Na2HPO3(H2O)5

This figure shows the DNA structure. What does "B" represent? A. a nucleotide B. a phosphate group C. a deoxyribose D. a pyrimidine E. a purine

B. a phosphate group

Which of these is (are) always hydrophobic? A. glucose B. cholesterol C. amino acids D. proteins E. disaccharides

B. cholesterol

Digestive enzymes breakdown the starch in a potato into thousands of glucose molecules. This exemplifies a(n) ______ reaction. A. synthesis B. decomposition C. exchange D. anabolic E. reductive

B. decomposition

A drastic conformational change in proteins in response to conditions such as extreme heat or pH will lead to loss of a protein's function. This drastic change in three-dimensional shape is called A. contamination. B. denaturation. C. saturation. D. sedimentation. E. deconformation.

B. denaturation

The _____ region of the left lower limb is proximal to the _____ region of the same limb. A. carpal; manual B. femoral; crural C. antebrachial; brachial D. tarsal; crural E. brachial; femoral

B. femoral; crural

The image of a typical chest X-ray shows a _____ view of the thoracic region. A. sagittal B. frontal C. transverse D. oblique E. lateral

B. frontal

A(n) ______ is a group of atoms that determines many of the properties of an organic molecule. A. carboxyl group. B. functional group. C. hydroxyl group. D. amino group. E. phosphate group

B. functional group

A ________________________ contains the necessary information for the production of a molecule of RNA. A. genome B. gene C. nucleotide D. genetic code E. codon

B. gene

A patient was severely dehydrated, losing a large amount of fluid. The patient was given intravenous fluids of Normal saline. Normal saline is ________ to your blood cells and is about __________ NaCl. A. isotonic; 9% B. isotonic; 0.9% C. hypertonic; 9% D. hypotonic; 0.9% E. hypotonic; 9%

B. isotonic; 0.9%

Which of the following is a disaccharide? A. galactose B. lactose C. glucose D. fructose E. amylose

B. lactose

The stage at which chromosomes aggregate along the equator of a cell is A. prophase. B. metaphase. C. anaphase. D. telophase. E. interphase.

B. metaphase.

Water flows through a selectively permeable membrane in a process called __________, but water molecules cross the membrane more easily through channels of transmembrane proteins called __________. A. osmosis; water pumps B. osmosis; aquaporins C. osmosis; uniport D. filtration; aquaporins E. filtration; water pumps

B. osmosis; aquaporins

______ are the most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane. A. Glycolipids B. Phospholipids C. Prostaglandins D. Proteins E. Cholesterol molecules

B. phospholipids

When a woman is giving birth, the head of the baby pushes against her cervix and stimulates release of the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin travels in the blood and stimulates the uterus to contract. Labor contractions become more and more intense until the baby is expelled. This is an example of A. negative feedback. B. positive feedback. C. dynamic equilibrium. D. integration control. E. set point adjustment

B. positive feedback

All enzymes are ______ but not all of those are enzymes. A. cofactors B. proteins C. lipids D. carbohydrates E. nucleic acids

B. proteins

_____________ consume ATP when transferring solutes form one side to the other side of the plasma membrane. A. Receptors B. Pumps C. Cell-adhesion molecules D. Channels E. Cell-identity markers

B. pumps

The kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, aorta, and inferior vena cava are all located A. within the peritoneal cavity. B. retroperitoneally. C. inside the visceral peritoneum. D. within the pelvic cavity. E. within the thoracic cavity

B. retroperitoneally

All of the following participate in DNA replication except A. DNA. B. ribosomes. C. DNA ligase. D. DNA helicase. E. DNA polymerase

B. ribosomes

These are all membranous organelles except A. mitochondria. B. ribosomes. C. the nucleus. D. endoplasmic reticulum. E. the Golgi complex

B. ribosomes

You were able to radioactively tag and thereby trace an amino acid that is used to make insulin, a hormone that will be exported out of the cell. The pathway of the tagged amino acid would be A. free ribosome cytosol vesicle extracellular fluid. B. rough ER Golgi complex Golgi vesicle extracellular fluid. C. rough ER smooth ER Golgi complex Golgi vesicle extracellular fluid. D. smooth ER Golgi complex Golgi vesicle extracellular fluid. E. smooth ER Golgi complex lysosome extracellular fluid.

B. rough ER Golgi complex Golgi vesicle extracellular fluid.

This system stores 99% of your calcium and is critical for blood cell formation. A. circulatory system B. skeletal system C. excretory system D. muscular system E. endocrine system

B. skeletal system

Among other functions, hepatocytes (liver cells) are specialized in detoxifying drugs or other chemicals. Hepatocytes have large amounts of A. DNA. B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum. C. microtubules. D. cilia. E. centrioles.

B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A receptor protein in the plasma membrane will not bind to just any chemical in the extracellular fluid, but only to certain ones. That is to say, the receptor exhibits A. selectivity. B. specificity. C. efficacy. D. saturation. E. fidelity.

B. specificity

Table sugar is a disaccharide called __________ and is made up of the monomer(s) __________. A. maltose; glucose B. sucrose; glucose and fructose C. lactose; glucose and galactose D. glycogen; glucose E. glucose; galactose and fructose

B. sucrose; glucose and fructose

Cytokinesis overlaps with which phase of mitosis? A. the S phase B. telophase C. metaphase D. prophase E. interphase

B. telophase

________________ synthesize(s) carbohydrates and put(s) finishing touches on proteins synthesized at ____________. A. Smooth ER; rough ER B. The Golgi complex; rough ER C. Smooth ER; the Golgi complex D. The Golgi complex; smooth ER E. Ribosomes; smooth ER

B. the golgi complex; rough ER

The heart is in the _____ cavity and is covered by the _____. A. thoracic; pleura B. thoracic; pericardium C. pericardial; pleura D. pericardial; peritoneum E. cranial; meninges

B. thoracic; pericardium

The Na+-K+ pump has the following functions except A. heat production. B. transport of Na+ into the cell and K+ out of the cell. C. secondary active transport. D. regulation of cell volume. E. maintenance of membrane potential.

B. transport of Na+ into the cell and out of the cell

________________________ is the DNA base sequence complementary to the strand TGCCAT. A. TGCCAT B. UGCCAU C. ACGGTA D. ACGGUA E. ACCGTA

C. ACGGTA

What type of bond attracts one water molecule to another? A. an ionic bond B. a peptide bond C. a hydrogen bond D. a covalent bond E. a hydrolytic bond

C. a hydrogen bond

Three common components of a feedback loop are A. a stimulus, an integrating (control) center, and an organ system. B. a stimulus, a receptor, and an integrating (control) center. C. a receptor, an integrating (control) center, and an effector. D. a receptor, an organ, and an organ system. E. a receptor, an integrating (control) center, and an organ system.

C. a receptor, an integrating (control) center, and an effector

These generalizations constitute the modern cell theory except A. an organism's structure and all of its functions are ultimately due to the activities of its cells. B. all cells come only from preexisting cells. C. all cells occupy space. D. all organisms are composed of cells and cell products. E. the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.

C. all cells occupy space

Metabolism is the sum of A. inhalation and exhalation. B. growth and differentiation. C. anabolism and catabolism. D. positive and negative feedback. E. responsiveness and movement.

C. anabolism and catabolism

_________________ are the simplest body's structures considered alive. A. organ systems B. organs C. cells D. organelles E. molecules

C. cells

When ATP breaks down to ADP, potential energy stored in bonds is released. This energy stored in bonds is __________ energy. A. electromagnetic B. electrical C. chemical D. heat E. kinetic

C. chemical

Stereoscopic vision provides A. opposable perception. B. color perception. C. depth perception. D. bipedalism. E. walking upright.

C. depth perception

These two systems control and coordinate the 50 trillion cells in a human. A. muscular and nervous systems B. circulatory and lymphatic systems C. endocrine and nervous systems D. circulatory and endocrine systems E. muscular and skeletal systems

C. endocrine and nervous systems

All of the following are human organ systems except A. skeletal. B. endocrine. C. epidermal. D. reproductive. E. lymphatic.

C. epidermal

The fluid outside of a cell is called A. cytosol. B. intracellular fluid. C. extracellular fluid. D. cytoplasm. E. nucleoplasm.

C. extracellular fluid

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. The concentration of solutes in the solution is __________ than the concentration of solutes in the intracellular fluid and will cause the cell to ______________. A. higher; swell B. lower; swell C. higher; shrink D. lower; shrink E. lower; burst

C. higher; shrink

The superolateral regions of the abdomen are called the _________ regions. A. epigastric B. inguinal C. hypochondriac D. hypogastric E. lateral abdominal

C. hypochondriac

Varieties of elements called ________ differ from one another only in number of neutrons and therefore in atomic mass. A. cations B. anions C. isotopes D. electrolytes E. free radicals

C. isotopes

______ is the substrate of ______. A. Glucose; lactose B. Lactase; glucose C. Lactose; lactase D. Galactose; lactose E. Sucrase; sucrose

C. lactose; lactase

The stomach is located mainly in which quadrant of the abdomen? A. right upper quadrant (RUQ) B. right lower quadrant (RLQ) C. left upper quadrant (LUQ) D. left lower quadrant (LLQ) E. left middle quadrant (LMQ)

C. left upper quadrant (LUQ)

The thymus, spleen and tonsils are principal organs of this system. A. endocrine system B. respiratory system C. lymphatic system D. circulatory system E. muscular system

C. lymphatic system

Cells lining the small intestine are specialized for absorption of nutrients. Their plasma membrane has A. flagella. B. cilia. C. microvilli. D. glycocalyx. E. dynein arms

C. microvilli

Muscle cells contain numerous _____________ to serve their high demand for ATP. A. ribosomes B. lysosomes C. mitochondria D. inclusions E. Golgi vesicles

C. mitochondria

DNA is a polymer of ________________________, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a ________________________. A. amino acids; nucleotide B. nucleic acids; nucleotide C. nucleotides; nitrogenous base D. nucleotides; nucleic acid E. proteins; nucleotide

C. nucleotides; nitrogenous base

An _______________ is composed of two or more tissues types, whereas ____________ are microscopic structures in a cell. A. organ system, organs B. organ system, organelles C. organ, organelles D. organ, molecules E. organelle, molecules

C. organ, organelles

The most superficial membrane of the heart is called A. parietal peritoneum. B. visceral peritoneum. C. parietal pericardium. D. visceral pericardium. E. parietal pleura.

C. parietal pericardium.

Proteins are ______ built from ______ different amino acids. A. monomers; 10 B. molecules; 10 C. polymers; 20 D. macromolecules; 40 E. polypeptides; 80

C. polymers; 20

Nucleic acids are ______ of ______. A. molecules; monosaccharides B. monomers; ATP C. polymers; nucleotides D. polymers; cAMP E. polymers; DNA

C. polymers; nucleotides

After translation, a protein may undergo structural changes called ________________ modifications. A. splicing B. posttranscriptional C. posttranslational D. polyribosomal E. secretory

C. posttranslational

Anticodons, codons, and base triplets correspond to ________________, respectively. A. tRNA, DNA, and mRNA B. DNA, tRNA, and mRNA C. tRNA, mRNA, and DNA D. DNA, RNA, and pre-mRNA E. RNA, DNA, and pre-mRNA

C. tRNA, mRNA, and DNA

The folding and coiling of proteins into globular and fibrous shapes determines the ______ structure of the protein A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary E. denatured

C. tertiary

What organelle is most active in causing programmed cell death? A. rough endoplasmic reticulum B. nucleus C. centriole D. lysosome E. mitochondrion

D. lysosome

The genetic code is the correspondence between the _______________ and the _______________ that they represent. A. DNA molecule; 20 amino acids B. DNA molecule; 64 amino acids C. mRNA anticodons; 20 amino acids D. mRNA codons; 64 amino acids E. mRNA codons; 20 amino acids

D. mRNA codons; 64 amino acids

All of the following are directly involved in translation except A. DNA. B. mRNA. C. tRNA. D. rRNA. E. ribosomes.

A. DNA

The _______ cavity contains the lungs, which are enfolded in the _____. A. thoracic; pleurae B. thoracic; pericardium C. thoracic; peritoneum D. abdominopelvic; peritoneum E. abdominopelvic; pleurae

A. Thoracic; pleurae

A solution that resists a change in pH when acid or base is added to it is A. a buffer. B. a catalyst. C. a reducing agent. D. an oxidizing agent. E. a colloid.

A. a buffer

Enzymes are specific to substrates because of the shape of their A. active sites. B. receptors. C. secondary structure. D. terminal amino acids. E. alpha chain.

A. active sites

The breastbone is _____ to the vertebral column. A. anterior B. posterior C. superior D. inferior E. medial

A. anterior

This system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. A. digestive B. urinary C. reproductive D. circulatory E. lymphatic

A. digestive

The bonding properties of an atom are determined by its A. electrons. B. protons. C. positrons. D. neutrons. E. photons

A. electrons

_____________ is the process in which ____________ forces water and small solutes such as salts through narrow clefts between capillary cells. A. Filtration; hydrostatic pressure B. Osmosis; hydrostatic pressure C. Active transport; osmotic pressure D. Active transport; hydrostatic pressure E. Osmosis; osmotic pressure

A. filtration; hydrostatic pressure

______ act like identification tags in the glycocalyx that enable the body to distinguish its own cells from foreign and diseased cells. A. Glycoproteins B. Lipoproteins C. Cholesterol molecules D. Phospholipids E. Cell-adhesion molecules

A. glycoproteins

We live in an ever-changing environment outside of our body, yet our internal conditions remain relatively stable. This is called A. homeostasis. B. metastasis. C. responsiveness. D. adaptation. E. evolution.

A. homeostasis

This figure shows the DNA structure. What does "D" represent? A. hydrogen bonds B. peptide bonds C. polar bonds D. a nucleotide E. a fragment of the sugar-phosphate backbone

A. hydrogen bonds

A ______ converts a ______ to its monomers. A. hydrolysis; polymer B. dehydration synthesis; molecule C. dehydration synthesis; polymer D. polymer; molecule E. condensation; reactant

A. hydrolysis; polymer

G1, S, and G2 phases are collectively called A. interphase. B. telophase. C. cytokinesis. D. prophase. E. anaphase.

A. interphase

Which of these has the highest H+ concentration? A. lemon juice, pH = 2.3 B. red wine, pH = 3.2 C. tomato juice, pH = 4.7 D. saliva, pH = 6.6 E. household ammonia, pH = 10.8

A. lemon juice, pH=2.3

The thoracic cavity is divided into right, left, and medial portions by a region called the A. mediastinum. B. diaphragm. C. serous membrane. D. meninges. E. peritoneum.

A. mediastinum

Which of these is the most appropriate to express number of molecules per volume? A. molarity B. volume C. percentage D. weight per volume E. milliequivalents per liter

A. molarity

When you exercise you generate excess heat and your body temperature rises. Blood vessels dilate in the skin, warm blood flows closer to the body surface, and you lose heat. This exemplifies A. negative feedback. B. positive feedback. C. dynamic equilibrium. D. integration control. E. set point adjustment.

A. negative feedback

Blood glucose concentration rises after a meal and stimulates release of the hormone insulin. Insulin travels in the blood and stimulates body cells to uptake glucose from the bloodstream. This reduces blood glucose concentration. This is an example of A. negative feedback. B. positive feedback. C. dynamic equilibrium. D. integration control. E. set point adjustment.

A. negative feedback.

A ________________________ is composed of a granular cluster of eight proteins called ________________________ with DNA wound around them, plus a short segment of linker DNA. A. nucleosome; centrosomes B. nucleosome; histones C. chromosome; histones D. chromosome; centromeres E. centromere; chromatin

A. nucleosome; centrosomes

Transcription occurs in the _________________, but most translation occurs in the _____________. A. nucleus; cytoplasm B. nucleus; nucleolus C. cytoplasm; nucleus D. nucleolus; cytoplasm E. nucleolus; rough endoplasmic reticulum

A. nucleus; cytoplasm

The abdominopelvic cavity contains a moist serous membrane called the A. peritoneum. B. pleura. C. pericardium. D. mediastinum. E. meninges.

A. peritoneum

White blood cells engulf bacteria by means of A. phagocytosis. B. cotransport. C. pinocytosis. D. active transport. E. receptor-mediated endocytosis.

A. phagocytosis

These membrane proteins bind to signals by which cells communicate. A. receptors B. enzymes C. carriers D. cell-identity markers E. cell-adhesion molecules

A. receptors

DNA polymerase is most active in A. S. B. G1. C. G2. D. M. E. G0.

A. s

The plane that passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into anterior and posterior portions is called the _____ plane. A. sagittal B. frontal C. median D. transverse E. oblique

A. sagittal

___________ is not involved in protein synthesis. A. Smooth ER B. Rough ER C. The Golgi complex D. The nucleus E. Ribosomes

A. smooth ER

This organelle synthesizes steroids in the ovary and stores calcium in muscle cells. A. smooth endoplasmic reticulum B. rough endoplasmic reticulum C. nucleus D. mitochondrion E. Golgi complex

A. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The trachea is _____ to the esophagus. A. superior B. dorsal C. anterior D. posterior E. inferior

A. superior

The right shoulder is ______ and __________ to the umbilical region. A. superior; lateral B. superior; medial C. inferior; lateral D. inferior; medial E. posterior; lateral

A. superior; lateral

Copying genetic information from DNA into RNA is called ________________________, whereas using the information contained in mRNA to make a polypeptide is called ________________________. A. transcription; translation B. translation; transcription C. DNA replication; translation D. DNA duplication; transcription E. DNA translation; RNA transcription

A. transcription; translation

The sodium-potassium (Na+-K+) pump transports both sodium and potassium __________ their concentration gradients in a process called ____________. A. up; active transport B. up; facilitated transport C. up; cotransport D. down; active transport E. down; countertransport

A. up; active transport

This system regulates blood volume and pressure, stimulates red blood cell formation, and controls fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. A. urinary system B. reproductive system C. digestive system D. muscular system E. circulatory system

A. urinary system

The formula for an amino group is ________ whereas the formula of a carboxyl group is A. -COOH; -OH. B. -CH3; -NH2. C. -OH; -SH. D. -NH2; -COOH. E. -SH; -H2PO4.

D. -NH2; -COOH

A solution with pH 4 has ______ the H+ concentration of a solution with pH 8. A. ½ B. twice C. 4 times D. 10,000 times E. 1/10,000

D. 10,000 times

All these are found in the karyotype of a normal human male, except A. 46 chromosomes. B. 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes. C. X and Y chromosomes. D. 46 chromatids. E. 92 DNA molecules

D. 46 chromatids

Which of these is a cation? A. O2 B. K C. Na D. Ca2+ E. Cl-

D. Ca2+

Which of these processes occurs during a cell's first gap (G1) phase? A. DNA is semiconservatively replicated. B. The nuclear envelope breaks down. C. The cell synthesizes the enzymes that control mitosis. D. The cell synthesizes proteins and grows. E. The chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes

D. The cell synthesizes proteins and grows

This figure shows the DNA structure. What does "E" represent? A. a nitrogenous base B. a pyrimidine C. a purine D. a nucleotide E. a fragment of the sugar-phosphate backbone

D. a nucleotide

In general, ______ have a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen. A. enzymes B. proteins C. lipids D. carbohydrates E. nucleic acids

D. carbohydrates

In the appendicular region, the wrist is called the _____ region, and the ankle is called the ___________ region. A. manual; pedal B. brachial; crural C. crural; antebrachial D. carpal; tarsal E. metacarpal; metatarsal

D. carpal; tarsal

______ play an important role in cell division, and they are made of __________. A. Mitochondria; microtubules B. Ribosomes; intermediate filaments C. Nucleoli; microfilaments D. Centrioles; microtubules E. Inclusions; centrosomes

D. centrioles; microtubules

______ is a monosaccharide, whereas ______ is a polysaccharide. A. Fructose; sucrose B. Galactose; maltose C. Lactose; glycogen D. Glucose; starch E. Cellulose; glucose

D. fructose; sucrose

Triglycerides are molecules consisting of one 3-carbon compound called ________ bound to three ________. A. eicosanoid; fatty acids B. steroid; glycerols C. eicosanoid; steroid D. glycerol; fatty acids E. steroid; fatty acids

D. glycerol; fatty acids

Cell division is stimulated by _______________ and suppressed by ____________. A. mitosis; cytokinesis B. mitosis; contact inhibition C. cell size; cytokinesis D. growth factors; contact inhibition E. cell size; contact inhibition

D. growth factors; contact inhibition

This system provides protection, water retention, thermoregulation, and vitamin D production. A. lymphatic system B. muscular system C. skeletal system D. integumentary system E. excretory system

D. integumentary system

When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water A. Na+ and Cl- form ionic bonds with each other. B. Na+ and Cl- form polar covalent bonds with each other. C. Na+ and Cl- form hydrogen bonds with water. D. Ionic bonds between Na+ and Cl- are broken. E. Na+ and Cl- become separated by their Van der Waals forces

D. ionic bonds between Na+ and Cl- are broken

. This option lists levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest. A. organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system B. organ system, organ, cell, tissue, organelle C. organ system, organelle, tissue, cell, organ D. organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle E. organ, organ system, tissue, cell, organelle

D. organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle

Feeling structures with your fingertips is called _________, whereas tapping on the body and listening for sounds of abnormalities is called ____________ A. palpation; auscultation. B. auscultation; percussion. C. percussion; auscultation. D. palpation; percussion. E. percussion; palpation

D. palpation; percussion

The most superficial wall of the pleural cavity is lined by the _____, whereas the outer surface of the lungs is covered by _____. A. mesothelium; endothelium B. parietal pericardium; visceral pericardium C. visceral pleura; parietal pleura D. parietal pleura; visceral pleura E. visceral peritoneum; parietal peritoneum

D. parietal pleura; visceral pleura

______ decompose fatty acids, and detoxify alcohol, free radicals, and other drugs. A. Lysosomes B. Microvilli C. Inclusions D. Peroxisomes E. Golgi vesicles

D. peroxisomes

Which of these bring nonspecific material into a cell? A. phagocytosis B. receptor-mediated endocytosis C. transcytosis D. pinocytosis E. exocytosis

D. pinocytosis

Chromatin shortens and thickens, coiling into compact rods during A. telophase. B. anaphase. C. interphase. D. prophase. E. metaphase

D. prophase

Which of the following omits some stage(s) of the cell cycle? A. G1, S, G2, mitotic phase B. interphase, mitotic phase C. G1, DNA replication, G2, mitotic phase D. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis E. interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

D. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed? A. exocytosis B. active transport C. ciliary action D. protein synthesis E. osmosis

D. protein synthesis

The thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity are lined by A. an endothelium. B. the mediastinum. C. meninges. D. serous membranes. E. mucous membranes

D. serous membrane

Which of these is the best imaging technique for routinely examining the anatomical development of a fetus? A. auscultation B. PET scan C. MRI D. sonography E. radiography

D. sonography

Which of these is an example of active transport? A. diffusion of oxygen from a place of high concentration to a place of lower concentration B. facilitated diffusion of K+ C. transport of glucose down its concentration gradient D. transport of Na+ from a place of low concentration to a place of higher concentration E. transport of Cl- following its concentration gradient

D. transport of Na+ from a place of low concentration to a place of higher concentration

The backbone encloses the A. thoracic cavity. B. abdominal cavity. C. pelvic cavity. D. vertebral canal. E. cranial cavity.

D. vertebral canal

The ______ wraps around stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. A. pleura B. pericardium C. meninges D. visceral peritoneum E. parietal peritoneum

D. visceral peritoneum

Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Solution A has a higher concentration of a nonpermeating solute than solution B. Then, A. the solute will pass down its concentration gradient from solution A to B. B. the solute will pass down its concentration gradient from solution B to A. C. water will pass down its concentration gradient from solution A to B. D. water will pass down its concentration gradient from solution B to A. E. neither the solute nor water will diffuse

D. water will pass down its concentration gradient from solution B to A

______ provide motility to a cell, ______ act as sensory "antenna" in many cells, and ____________ increase cell's surface area. A. Cilia; microvilli; flagella B. Microvilli; cilia; flagella C. Microvilli; flagella; cilia D. Flagella; microvilli; cilia E. Flagella; cilia; microvilli

E, flagella; cilia; microvilli

The gene coding for a polypeptide made of 51 amino acids would have a minimum number of A. 20 bases. B. 51 bases. C. between 51 bases and 102 bases. D. between 102 bases and 153 bases. E. 153 bases.

E. 153 bases

______ are major components of cell membranes, and are said to be ______. A. Triglycerides; hydrophobic B. Steroids; hydrophilic C. Bile acids; fat-soluble D. Eicosanoids; water-soluble E. Phospholipids; amphiphilic

E. Phospholipids; amphiphilic

A mutation is A. a change in size or shape of a cell. B. a beneficial change in DNA structure. C. a harmful change in DNA structure. D. a neutral change in DNA structure. E. a change in DNA structure that might be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.

E. a change in DNA structure that might be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.

All these can cause a mutation except A. radiation. B. viruses. C. chemicals. D. a mistake made by the DNA polymerase. E. a mistake made by the RNA polymerase

E. a mistake made by the RNA polymerase

Which of the following processes could occur only through the plasma membrane of a living cell? A. facilitated diffusion B. simple diffusion C. filtration D. osmosis E. active transport

E. active transport

Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of a cell during A. S phase. B. G2 phase. C. prophase. D. metaphase. E. anaphase.

E. anaphase

Facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common that both A. are processes involving transport of a solutes up its concentration gradient. B. are processes involving transport of a solutes down its concentration gradient. C. are processes involving the use of energy provided by ATP. D. are processes ATP independent. E. are cases of carrier-mediated transport.

E. are cases of carrier-mediated transport

______ account for 98.5% of the body's weight. A. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine B. Carbon, oxygen, iron, sodium, potassium, and chlorine C. Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine D. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium, and potassium E. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus

E. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus

All of the following are organs except A. teeth. B. skin. C. nails. D. liver. E. digestive system

E. digestive system

Which of these is hydrophobic? A. sugar B. K+ C. Cl- D. water E. fat

E. fat

The lumbar vertebrae are __________ to the thoracic vertebrae. A. anterior B. superior C. cephalic D. posterior E. inferior

E. inferior

Which one of the following is NOT in the correct anatomical position? A. arms at sides B. standing erect C. face and eyes facing forward D. feet flat on the floor E. palms facing posteriorly

E. palms facing posteriorly

Particles can leave a cell by any of these means except by A. active transport. B. exocytosis. C. simple diffusion. D. an antiport system. E. pinocytosis.

E. pinocytosis

The ____________ is defined as a healthy male 22 years old, weighing 70 kg (154 lb), under no environmental stress, and consuming 2,800 kilocalories (kcal) per day; whereas the ________ is the same except for a weight of 58 kg (128 lb) and an intake of 2,000 kcal/day. A. normal man, normal woman B. normal male, normal female C. average man, average woman D. average male, average woman E. reference man, reference woman

E. reference men, reference woman

The system that exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen and helps in speech is the _____ system, whereas the system that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide is the ______ system A. respiratory; urinary B. circulatory; digestive C. respiratory; digestive D. circulatory; urinary E. respiratory; circulatory

E. respiratory; circulatory

All of the body's nonreproductive cells, called ________________, usually have ______________ and are thus called ____________ cells. A. germ cells; 23 pairs of chromosomes; haploid B. germ cells; 23 chromosomes; haploid C. somatic cells; 23 pairs of chromosomes; haploid D. somatic cells; 23 pairs of chromosomes; diploid E. somatic cells; 23 chromosomes; diploid

E. somatic cells; 23 chromosomes; diploid

Which of the following was an adaptation evolved in connection with human upright walking? A. hair B. thumbs fully opposable C. stereoscopic vision D. color vision E. spinal and pelvic anatomy

E. spinal and pelvic anatomy

Proteins can serve all of the following functions except A. catalyze metabolic reactions. B. give structural strength to cells and tissues. C. produce muscular and other forms of movement. D. regulate transport of solutes into and out of cells. E. store hereditary information.

E. store hereditary information

The most superior segment of the upper limb is called A. the digits. B. the manual region. C. the carpal region. D. the antebrachial region. E. the brachial region.

E. the brachial region

____________ gives structural support, determines the shape of a cell, and directs the movement of substances through the cell. A. Cholesterol B. The nucleus C. The plasma membrane D. The Golgi complex E. The cytoskeleton

E. the cytoskeleton

The brain and the spinal cord are protected by A. a parietal layer. B. a visceral layer. C. mucous membranes. D. serous membranes. E. the meninges.

E. the maninges

The __________ cavity is inferior to the _____________ cavity. A. cranial; thoracic B. thoracic; abdominopelvic C. pericardial; pleural D. thoracic; peritoneal E. thoracic; cranial

E. thoracic; cranial

A(n) _____________ is a group of similar cells in a discrete region of an organ performing a specific function. A. macromolecule B. organ system C. organelle D. organism E. tissue

E. tissue

Insulin is taken up by endocytosis by endothelial cells lining capillaries, and then transported across the cell to the other side, where it is released. This transport is called A. pinocytosis. B. receptor-mediated phagocytosis. C. passive transport. D. facilitated transport. E. transcytosis.

E. transcytosis