bio132- final exam

What factor(s) contributes to childhood obesity?

-high-fat, high-energy snacks -genetics -little physical activity -increased levels of screen time

Iron needs increase from _____ mg/day for infants 0-6 months of age to ______ mg/day for infants 6-12 months of age.

0.3 to 11

Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after ______ of trying to become pregnant.

12 months

The USDA recommends that fresh pork be cooked until its internal temperature is at least ________.

145ºF

The preconception period is ________ window of time before pregnancy.

3 month

Most infants are ready for the introduction of complementary foods around _______ of age.

4 to 6 months

According to present-day growth charts, an infant will double its birth weight at about ________ months of age and will triple its birth weight at about ________ months.

4 to 6; 12

How long do various professioal organizations suggest to exclusievly breastfeed for?

6 months

A high birth weight infant weighs more than _______ pounds at birth.

8.8

Which federal agency establishes standards for safe food manufacturing practices, such as HACCP programs?

FDA

Which of the following nutrients is particularly important during the preconception period?

Folate

According to the Food Additives Amendment of 1958, ________.

an additive that was in use and deemed safe prior to 1958 was placed on the GRAs list

Maternal anemia occurs when a pregnant woman has a hematocrit ________.

below 33%

Why are adolescents at risk for iron deficiency anemia?

blood volume is expanding, lean body mass increases in males, and menstruation begins in females

Which of the following practices is the most reliable way of sanitizing impure water?

boiling the water

This is responsible for neurodegenerative diseases in cattle.

bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)

Which two minerals is often lacking in the diets of older adults?

calcium and potassium

A _________ is a person who has lived for 100 years or more

centenarian

Compared to infant formulas, human milk is a rich source of ________.

cholesterol

To optimize their chances of conceiving, which of the following recommendations would you make as part of the "fertility diet?"

consume full-fat dairy, rather than low-fat dairy

Forty-year old-Mateo has a family history of Alzheimer's disease. What recommendations do you have for Mateo to reduce his risk for Alzheimer's disease?

continue learning and reading, consume foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, and engage in regular physical activity

To reduce the risk of food-borne illness, which of these guidelines should you follow?

do not buy food in dented cans

characteristics of complementary foods (3)

energy dense, contain high-quality protein, and good source of bioavailability vitamins

consuming a nutritionally-optimal diet ________ chances of conception

enhances

T or F: potential food allergens should only be introduced when the child is at least 3 years old

false

Mario is a 7-year-old boy whose BMI-for-age is in the 75th percentile. According to this information, Mario's weight is ________.

healthy for his age

The following substances were detected in a can of food. Which of the substances is an intentional food additive?

high-fructose corn syrup

what is not a recommended complementary food for infants?

honey

To increase her chances of conception, which of the following dietary recommendations would you make?

increase intake of vegetables

An increased synthesis and secretion of human placental lactogen during pregnancy ________.

increases metabolic rate

The following substances were detected in a can of food. Which of the substances is an unintentional food additive?

insect parts

An increased requirement for ________ during pregnancy is due to its role in the synthesis of thyroid hormone, which is essential for fetal brain development.

iodine

An increased requirement for ________ during pregnancy is due to its role in the synthesis of red blood cells.

iron

which nutrient is particularly important as part of complementary foods as the nutrient is limiting in breast milk?

iron

Which of the following food preservation methods treats the food with a high amount of energy that destroys the genetic material of pathogens?

irradiating

it is not unusual for children to have food _____

jags

Compared to preschoolers, older children tend to eat ________.

more foods away from home

Which of the following conditions is a common nutrition-related sign of early pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women?

morning sickness

The ________ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus.

placenta

Intake of which of the following macronutrients is most likely to be below recommendations in older adults?

protein

Which cereal is least likely to cause allergies in infants?

rice

The declining organ functioning and the increase vulnerability to diseases is known as ________.

senescence

developmental milestones that suggest an infant is ready to start solid foods (3)

sitting upright without support, holding their own head up, and opening their mouth when they are presented food

In the United States, the diets of many toddler and preschool-age children supply too much ________.

sodium

An increased synthesis and secretion of prolactin during pregnancy _________.

stimulates cells in the breast to prepare for milk production

Margaret is 87 years of age. Compared to when she was 27 years of age, her ________ now.

stomach secretes less intrinsic factor

What is wrong with giving juice in a bottle or propping up a bottle of formula for the child to drink at bedtime?

sugar bathes the teeth, bacteria grow, acids are produced from sugar, and acids dissolve tooth enamel

Which of the following structures pass from the placenta to the embryo/fetus?

umbilical cord

The name of the condition when urine leaks out of the bladder is called what _____________.

urinary incontinence

Which of the following vitamins is often lacking in the diets of older adults?

vitamin B12

Which of the following vitamins is often lacking in the diets of older adults, especially elderly women?

vitamin D

Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he ________.

wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad veggies