BIO201 HW and Quizzes

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Sebaceous glands are often associated with ________. A. nails B. eccrine sweat glands C. apocrine sweat glands D. hair follicles E. all of the answers are correct

D. hair follicles

Which of the following can be found on cervical vertebrae only? A. transverse processes B. laminae C. facets D. transverse foramina E. spinous processes

D. transverse foramina

T/F Visceral sensory receptors receive information from internal structures, such as smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and respiratory and digestive organs.

True

T/F The cranial dura mater consists of three fibrous layers.

False

T/F The fibrous pericardium lies deep to the serous pericardium.

False

Which of the following bones is unpaired? A. Frontal B. Temporal C. Zygomatic D. Parietal

A. Frontal

In the PNS, the neuron cell bodies are found in clusters called ________. A. ganglia B. tracts C. columns D. white matter E. nuclei

A. ganglia

Which apply to connective tissue? (choose all that apply) A. Stores energy B. Covers exposed surfaces C. Provides structural support D. Produces glandular secretions E. Lines internal passageways and chambers F. Contracts to produce active movement G. Fills internal spaces

A, C, G

Which of the following describes spongy bone? A. It contains struts and plates of bone with open spaces between them to house blood-producing cells or adipocytes. B. It is covered by the periosteum, which contains osteoprogenitor cells important in the growth and repair of bone tissue. C. Perforating canals, also known as Volkmann's canals, bring blood, and therefore oxygen and nutrients, to the osteocytes. D. Osteons are present and aligned both to handle considerable compression and to give the bone strength.

A. It contains struts and plates of bone with open spaces between them to house blood-producing cells or adipocytes.

Why was Dave required to wear a knee flexion sling postoperatively for 10 weeks? A. Keeping his knee flexed removes stress from the region where his tendon was surgically reattached to his ischial tuberosity, thus facilitating healing. B. Moving around in a knee flexion sling exercises the right leg's antagonist muscles, which will help stabilize his right knee during Dave's recovery. C. Keeping the knee flexed for 10 weeks allows the injured hamstring muscles to rest and heal. D. Wearing this sling forces Dave to develop strength and coordination in his left leg. The left leg will support most of Dave's body weight, thus helping his right leg heal when he begins to walk normally.

A. Keeping his knee flexed removes stress from the region where his tendon was surgically reattached to his ischial tuberosity, thus facilitating healing.

Which of the following statements about the shoulder joint is true? A. Muscles whose action lines cross the posterior aspect of the shoulder joint may produce extension. B. Muscles whose action lines cross the anterior aspect of the shoulder joint are extensors. C. Muscles whose action lines across the superior aspect of the shoulder joint are adductors. D. Muscles whose action lines cross the anterior aspect of the shoulder joint may produce lateral extension. E. Muscles whose action lines cross the inferior aspect of the shoulder joint may produce extension.

A. Muscles whose action lines cross the posterior aspect of the shoulder joint may produce extension.

Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus? A. Nasal B. Frontal C. Sphenoid D. Maxillary

A. Nasal

Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones. A. Sagittal suture B. Squamosal suture C. Coronal suture D. Lamdoidal suture

A. Sagittal suture

If a bone were to lose calcium but retain its level of collagen, how would the bone be affected? A. The bone would become more flexible but less strong. B. The bone would be able to withstand more compression but would be less able to bend or flex. C. The bone would not be affected at all. D. The bone would become harder and stronger but less flexible.

A. The bone would become more flexible but less strong.

Which of the following is TRUE of the coronary arteries? A. They originate at the base of the ascending aorta and are the first branches off this vessel. B. They transport blood directly into the ascending aorta. C. Together they supply a small portion of the cardiac muscle with oxygen. D. They drain into the right atrium inferior to the opening of the inferior vena cava. E. Blood pressure in these vessels is the lowest found anywhere in the systemic circuit.

A. They originate at the base of the ascending aorta and are the first branches off this vessel.

The action of the rhomboid major muscle is to ________. A. adduct and rotate the scapula downward B. depress and protract the shoulder C. elevate the scapula D. elevate and rotate the scapula upward E. abduct the scapula

A. adduct and rotate the scapula downward

If Michael experiences a frightening situation that causes the stimulation of his sympathetic nervous system, which of the following is NOT likely to occur? A. an increase in smooth muscle activity along the GI tract B. mobilization of energy reserves C. elevation of muscle tone D. a feeling of energy and euphoria

A. an increase in smooth muscle activity along the GI tract

In which of the following compartments does the sartorius belong? A. anterior compartment B. lateral compartment C. medial compartment D. posterior compartment

A. anterior compartment

The middle layer of the meninges, which consists of simple squamous epithelium, is called (the) ________. A. arachnoid mater B. periosteum C. dura mater D. pia mater E. epideural space

A. arachnoid mater

After his accident, Dave felt a tight ball of muscle behind his right knee. That ball included all of the following muscles EXCEPT __________. A. biceps brachii B. biceps femoris C. semitendinosus D. semimembranosus

A. biceps brachii

The soleus and the gastrocnemius share an insertion on the __________. A. calcaneus B. fibula C. medial cuneiform D. distal phalanx

A. calcaneus

Because they are strong and relatively inflexible, ________ enable bone to withstand the stress of compression. A. calcium phosphate crystals B. collagen fibers C. reticular fibers D. osteocytes E. osteoclasts

A. calcium phosphate crystals

A(n) ________ consists of 3 fibrous protein subunits wound together like the strands of a rope; it is flexible, yet very strong when pulled by either end. A. collagen fiber B. fibroblast C. reticular fiber D. parenchyma E. elastic fiber

A. collagen fiber

Which of the following is NOT a function of the sympathetic division of the ANS? A. conservation of energy B. increases in heart rate and respiratory rate C. increase in mental alertness D. stimulation of tissue metabolism

A. conservation of energy

The lateral gray horns __________. A. contain the nuclei for visceral motor nerves B. contain bundles of axons that travel to the brain C. are lateral to the lateral white columns D. contain the nuclei for visceral sensory nerves

A. contain the nuclei for visceral motor nerves

The structure that surrounds a synovial joint is called (a) ________. A. joint capsule B. bursa C. fat pad D. meniscus E. synovial membrane

A. joint capsule

The structure that surrounds a synovial joint is called (a) ________. A. joint capsule B. meniscus C. synovial membrane D. bursa E. fat pad

A. joint capsule

Which chamber of the heart can generate the greatest pressure? A. left ventricle B. right atrium C. right ventricle D. left atrium E. Both ventricles create greater pressures equally and simultaneously than do the atria.

A. left ventricle

Which of the following organs would NOT likely be found in the abdominal cavity? A. lung B. intestines C. liver D. stomach

A. lung

Which of the following descriptions matches the term homeostasis? A. maintaining a stable internal environment suitable for survival B. maintaining a stable internal and external environment suitable for survival C. growth of the body D. stopping excessive blood flow

A. maintaining a stable internal environment suitable for survival

The small depression on the temporal bone with which the mandible articulates is called (the) ________. A. mandibular fossa B. temporal fossa C. temporal foramen D. mandibular foramen E. none of the answers are correct

A. mandibular fossa

A very good sprinter is likely to have ________. A. more fast twitch fibers than average B. more slow twitch fibers than average C. average muscles; performance is based solely on training D. more intermediate fibers than average E. none of the answers are correct

A. more fast twitch fibers than average

When one motor neuron fires a single action potential the result affects one ________. A. motor unit B. sensory unit C. lower motor neuron D. synaptic cleft E. upper motor neuron

A. motor unit

If Jennifer is studying the functional relationship between the heart, arteries, veins and blood, then she is studying anatomy at the __________ level of organization. A. organ-system B. organ C. molecular D. tissue

A. organ-system

The pulmonary veins carry __________. A. oxygenated blood to the heart B. deoxygenated blood to the lungs C. oxygenated blood to the lungs D. deoxygenated blood from the limbs to the heart

A. oxygenated blood to the heart

The connective tissue surrounding a fascicle is called ________. A. perimysium B. an aponeurosis C. endomysium D. epimysium E. a tendon

A. perimysium

As it passes through the adductor magnus muscle, the femoral artery becomes the ________. A. popliteal artery B. inferior mesenteric artery C. iliac artery D. tibial artery E. saphenous artery

A. popliteal artery

Muscle tissue is unique in its ability to ________. A. produce powerful contractions B. regulate the composition of interstitial fluid C. repair itself after damage D. transmit electrical impulses E. all of the answers are correct

A. produce powerful contractions

Because of its attachments, the ____________can both extend the knee and flex the hip. A. rectus femoris B. vastus intermedius C. vastus medialis D. vastus lateralis

A. rectus femoris

The largest nerve in the body that is formed from L4-S3 is the ________. A. sciatic nerve B. superior gluteal nerve C. pudendal nerve D. fibular nerve E. tibial nerve

A. sciatic nerve

What type of epithelium makes up the endothelium of blood vessels? A. simple squamous B. transitional C. simple columnar D. pseudostratified columnar E. stratified cuboidal

A. simple squamous

Which of the following is NOT found in the ventral thoracic cavity? A. stomach B. lungs C. mediastinum D. heart

A. stomach

Which of the following is a function of the epidermis? A. synthesizes vitamin D3 B. regulates body temperature C. excretes D. stores lipids E. none of the answers are correct

A. synthesizes vitamin D3

If you take a course that studies only the digestive system, then what form of anatomy are you investigating? A. systemic anatomy B. surface anatomy C. regional anatomy D. developmental anatomy

A. systemic anatomy

The fusion of the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium at the end of a muscle is called a __________. A. tendon B. muscle fiber C. sarcolemma D. ligament

A. tendon

Which plane of section divides the body into upper and lower portions, or perpendicular to a longitudinal plane? A. transverse B. frontal C. coronal D. sagittal

A. transverse

The mandibular branch is the largest branch of the ________ nerve. A. trigeminal B. trochlear C. glossopharyngeal D. vagus E. hypoglossal

A. trigeminal

Which apply to epithelial tissue? (choose all that apply) A. Stores energy B. Covers exposed surfaces C. Provides structural support D. Produces glandular secretions E. Lines internal passageways and chambers F. Contracts to produce active movement G. Fills internal spaces

B, C, E

Why does a skeletal muscle fiber have more than one nucleus? A. During muscular activity, parts of each muscle fiber break down, and the remaining parts, including their nuclei, fuse into new combination fibers. B. During development, groups of embryonic cells called myoblasts fuse together to form a single muscle fiber. C. During development, the nucleus of each myoblast replicates several times. D. During development, the sarcolemmae of newly formed muscle fibers disintegrate, making many muscle cells into one. E. All of the answers are correct.

B. During development, groups of embryonic cells called myoblasts fuse together to form a single muscle fiber.

Which of the following is/are properties of a lever? A. It is the weight that opposes the applied force. B. It moves on a fulcrum. C. It is a flexible structure.It is the effort produced by the muscle contraction. D. All of the answers are correct.

B. It moves on a fulcrum.

Which of the following statements about the shoulder joint is true? A. Muscles whose action lines cross the anterior aspect of the shoulder joint may produce lateral extension. B. Muscles whose action lines cross the posterior aspect of the shoulder joint may produce extension. C. Muscles whose action lines across the superior aspect of the shoulder joint are adductors. D. Muscles whose action lines cross the anterior aspect of the shoulder joint are extensors. E. Muscles whose action lines cross the inferior aspect of the shoulder joint may produce extension.

B. Muscles whose action lines cross the posterior aspect of the shoulder joint may produce extension.

Balance and equilibrium are functions of the ________ nerve. A. N III B. N VIII C. N X D. N V E. N IX

B. N VIII

What do the terms striated and voluntary mean? A. These terms mean that the muscle has a smooth appearance and contracts without conscious effort. B. Striated refers to a banded appearance, and voluntary means the fiber won't contract unless stimulated by neurons. C. They mean that the cells have a banded appearance and contract at regular intervals of time. D. The cell has a smooth appearance and contracts after it receives an impulse from a neuron under conscious control.

B. Striated refers to a banded appearance, and voluntary means the fiber won't contract unless stimulated by neurons.

If a bone were to lose calcium but retain its level of collagen, how would the bone be affected? A. The bone would be able to withstand more compression but would be less able to bend or flex. B. The bone would become more flexible but less strong. C. The bone would become harder and stronger but less flexible. D. The bone would not be affected at all.

B. The bone would become more flexible but less strong.

Why did Dave's knee remain flexed during surgery? A. The hamstring muscles contracted and shortened, making it impossible to straighten the leg. B. The hamstring muscles contracted and shortened when the tendon was torn. Flexing the knee helped the surgeon pull the tendon back to its origin for surgical reattachment. C. The injury caused the antagonist muscles to relax due to a stretch reflex, so the hamstring muscles remained contracted. D. Flexing the knee lengthened the antagonist muscles, keeping their tendons stretched during surgery.

B. The hamstring muscles contracted and shortened when the tendon was torn. Flexing the knee helped the surgeon pull the tendon back to its origin for surgical reattachment.

Muscles originating on the surface of the pelvis and inserting on the femur will produce characteristic movements determined by their position relative to the ________. A. intertrochanteric line B. acetabulum C. greater trochanter D. obturator foramen E. linea aspera

B. acetabulum

Which of the following muscles in the adductor group is innervated by two nerves? A. gracilis B. adductor magnus C. adductor brevis D. adductor longus

B. adductor magnus

The middle layer of the meninges, which consists of simple squamous epithelium, is called (the) ________. A. epideural space B. arachnoid mater C. periosteum D. dura mater E. pia mater

B. arachnoid mater

Which knee flexor muscle has its origin on the ischial tuberosity? A. sartorius B. biceps femoris (long head) C. biceps femoris (short head) D. popliteus

B. biceps femoris (long head)

The epidural space contains areolar and adipose tissue, in addition to ________. A. lymph B. blood vessels C. cerebrospinal fluid D. gray matter E. denticulate ligaments

B. blood vessels

Which of the following features is NOT characteristic of muscle tissues? A. extensibility B. cognitive ability C. elasticity D. contractility E. excitability

B. cognitive ability

Because they resist stretch, the ________ fibers provide the tensile strength of bone. A. sodium phosphate B. collagen C. calcium phosphate D. calcium hydroxide E. hydroxyapatite

B. collagen

Which of the heart's chambers is responsible for sending blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen? A. the left atrium B. the right ventricle C. the left ventricle D. the right atrium

B. the right ventricle

Which of the following is characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue? A. contracts only with nervous stimulation B. consists of a branching network of interconnected muscle cells C. also called striated voluntary muscle D. individual cells have many, irregularly shapterm-0ed nuclei E. can replace cells and regenerate after an injury

B. consists of a branching network or interconnected muscle cells

Tendons, aponeuroses, and ligaments are all composed of ________ connective tissue, which contains tightly packed collagen fibers aligned parallel to applied forces. A. reticular B. dense regular C. osseous D. cartilaginous E. areolar

B. dense regular

Typically, the insertion of a muscle is ________ to its origin. A. deep B. distal C. medial D. lateral E proximal

B. distal

A patient is brought into the ER with an aneurysm in the brain. At which body cavity/subdivision will the doctors look? A. ventral and thoracic B. dorsal and cranial C. ventral and abdominal D. dorsal and spinal

B. dorsal and cranial

The ________ division of the PNS sends motor information to muscles and glands. A. parallel B. efferent C. sensory D. serial E. afferent

B. efferent

The connective tissue that surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber and binds each muscle fiber to its neighbor is the ________. A. epimysium B. endomysium C. endosteum D. periosteum E. perimysium

B. endomysium

Which type of epithelium is present where easy exchange of materials out of the blood is most important, such as that in the lining of the heart and all blood vessels? A. stratified columnar B. endothelium C. simple columnar D. stratified squamous E. simple cuboidal

B. endothelium

The common iliac arteries divide to form a branch that enters the pelvic cavity and a branch called the ________ that proceeds to the lower limb. A. inguinal artery B. external iliac artery C. inferior branch D. femoral artery E. sacral artery

B. external iliac artery

Where in the body might you find the muscles that contain the highest amount of fast-twitching fibers? A. lower back muscles B. eye C. calf muscles D. arm muscles

B. eye

A shallow depression on the surface of a bone is called a ________. A. tubercle B. fossa C. foramen D. trochanter E. tuberosity

B. fossa

Sebaceous glands are often associated with ________. A. apocrine sweat glands B. hair follicles C. nails D. eccrine sweat glands E. all of the answers are correct

B. hair follicles

Oxygenated blood is supplied to the brain through the __________. A. superficial temporal artery B. internal carotid artery C. external carotid artery D. jugular vein

B. internal carotid artery

All of the following are true of the sciatic nerve EXCEPT __________. A. it is the largest nerve in the body B. it is part of the lumbar plexus C. it divides into the tibial and fibular nerves D. it supplies some of the hamstring muscles

B. it is part of the lumbar plexus

Which of the following is an example of an irregular bone? A. tarsal bones B. maxilla bone of the face C. occipital bone of the skull D. fibula

B. maxilla bone of the face

Most of the visible, named arteries are ________. A. metarterioles B. muscular arteries C. arterioles D. sinusoids E. elastic arteries

B. muscular arteries

While playing football, Yohan sustains an injury to the back of his head. After this, he has trouble seeing. Which system would you expect has been damaged? A. endocrine system B. nervous system C. skeletal system D. integumentary system

B. nervous system

Functions of the peripheral nervous system include ________. A. making higher order decisions to interpret sensory inputs B. providing sensory information to the CNS and carrying motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems C. carrying motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems only D. providing sensory information to the CNS only E. carrying information up and down the spinal cord

B. providing sensory information to the CNS and carrying motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems

The ________ is composed of arteries and veins that transport blood between the heart and the lungs. A. renal circuit B. pulmonary circuit C. infundibular circuit D. systemic circuit E. hepatic portal circuit

B. pulmonary circuit

Which of the following comprises a list of the most closely related connective tissue types? A. adipose tissue, tendon, blood, lymph, bone B. reticular tissue, areolar, adipose tissue C. elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage, skin D. tendon, blood, lymph, reticular tissue E. areolar tissue, tendon, bone, cartilage

B. reticular tissue, areolar, adipose tissue

The only point of direct connection between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton is at (the) ________. A. coracoid process of the scapula B. sternal end of the clavicle C. acromion process of the scapula D. acromial end of the clavicle E. glenoid cavity

B. sternal end of the clavicle

The integumentary system is __________ to the muscular system. A. proximal B. superficial C. distal D. deep

B. superficial

In epithelial tissues ________. A. cells that are damaged or lost at the surface cannot be replaced B. there is little or no intercellular space between the cells C. cells obtain nutrients via blood vessels found in the tissues D. the organelles and other cytoplasmic components are evenly distributed between the exposed and attached surfaces of the epithelial cells E. extracellular fluid or fibers separate the individual cells

B. there is little or no intercellular space between the cells

What is the purpose of the chordae tendineae? A. to keep the atrioventricular valves open during atrial contraction B. to keep the atrioventricular cusps from prolapse, preventing regurgitation C. to prevent leakage of blood back into the ventricles through the semilunar valves D. to prevent blood from flowing into the pulmonary trunk and aorta

B. to keep the atrioventricular cusps from prolapse, preventing regurgitation

Perforating canals ________. A. are arranged parallel to the surface of the bone B. transmit blood vessels to osteons deep inside the bone C. are always associated with osteons in spongy bone D. occur in growing juvenile bone, but are obliterated in adult bone E. all of the answers are correct

B. transmit blood vessels to osteons deep inside the bone

The diamond-shaped ________ muscle originates on the middle of the neck and back, and inserts on the clavicles and scapular spines, covering the upper back and extending to the base of the skull. A. rhomboid major B. trapezius C. levator scapulae D. serratus posterior E. latissimus dorsi

B. trapezius

Which of the following muscles does NOT cross two joints? A. biceps femoris B. vastus medialis C. rectus femoris D. sartorius

B. vastus medialis

The walls of veins are thinner than those of corresponding arteries, because ________. A. blood pressure is higher in veins B. veins contain a lower proportion of smooth muscle fibers C. veins contain a greater proportion of elastic fibers and collagen D. the lumen of veins is much smaller than the lumen of arteries of similar diameter E. of only arteries can perform vasoconstriction

B. veins contain a lower proportion of smooth muscle fibers

The ________ of the spinal nerves is/are the portion(s) that participate(s) in the formation of nerve plexuses. A. epineurium B. ventral rami C. posterior columns D. dorsal root ganglia E. dorsal rami

B. ventral rami

The ________ provides taste sensations from the posterior third of the tongue and has special receptors monitoring the blood pressure and dissolved-gas concentrations within major blood vessels. A. N VII B. N X C. N IX D. N V E. N XI

C. N IX

________ tissue provides a supporting framework of the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. A. Elastic B. Dense irregular C. Reticular D. Areolar E. Adipose

C. Reticular

Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor? A. Ethmoid B. Occipital C. Sphenoid D. Temporal

C. Sphenoid

In what way are neurons and neuroglia similar to each other? A. They both can send messages to skeletal muscles of the arm, removing the hand from a heat source. B. They both have cellular extensions called axons and dendrites involved in signaling. C. Both make the functioning of the spinal cord possible. D. They both make up the nerve fibers that create the nerves of the body.

C. Both make the functioning of the spinal cord possible.

Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium? A. Sphenoid bone B. Occipital bone C. Ethmoid bone D. Lacrimal bone

D. Lacrimal bone

Which of the following cranial nerves does NOT innervate the tongue? A. facial (VII) B. hypoglossal (XII) C. accessory (XI) D. trigeminal (V)

C. accessory (XI)

What vertebra contains the dens? A. cervical B. sacrum C. axis D. atlas E. none of the answers are correct.

C. axis

Which of the following is a branch of the aortic arch? A. common iliac artery B. pulmonary trunk C. brachiocephalic trunk D. right pulmonary artery E. cephalic vein

C. brachiocephalic trunk

The central nervous system (CNS) includes the ________. A. nerves and muscles B. spinal cord only C. brain and spinal cord D. nerves only E. brain only

C. brain and spinal cord

The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system, sympathetic and parasympathetic ________. A. use preganglionic and postganglionic neurons to innervate skeletal muscle B. are voluntary C. contain autonomic ganglia to house ganglionic neurons D. are composed of PNS structures only E. function only during sleep

C. contain autonomic ganglia to house ganglionic neurons

Which of the following terms identifies the most inferior part of the spinal cord? A. filum terminale B. dorsal root C. conus medullaris D. cauda equina

C. conus medullaris

In a ________ muscle, the muscle fibers are based over a broad area, but all the fibers come together at a common attachment site A. circular B. spiral C. convergent D. parallel E. multipennate

C. convergent

The cell body usually has several branching ________, which are specialized to respond to specific stimuli in the extracellular environment. A. astrocytes B. soma C. dendrites D. axons E. satellite cells

C. dendrites

The dermis of the skin needs to have a number of features, including flexibility, elastic recoil, blood flow, and sensation. Fibers in this area run in different directions so that stress can be handled in many directions. What kind of tissue best fits this description? A. blood B. elastic connective tissue C. dense irregular connective tissue D. dense regular connective tissue

C. dense irregular connective tissue

If a mosquito lands upon Tyrone's arm, the electrical message conveying the detection of the mosquito would travel through which structure? A. cauda equina B. ventral root C. dorsal root ganglion D. conus medullaris

C. dorsal root ganglion

If a mosquito lands upon Tyrone's arm, the electrical message conveying the detection of the mosquito would travel through which structure? A. conus medullaris B. cauda equina C. dorsal root ganglion D. ventral root

C. dorsal root ganglion

Which of the following is most likely to have a nerve pass through it? A. fossa B. condyle C. foramen D. process E. ramus

C. foramen

Extracellular fibers and ________ comprise the matrix that surrounds the cells of a connective tissue. A. neutrophils and eosinophils B. mesenchymal cells C. ground substance D. melanocytes E. fibroblasts

C. ground substance

Muscular arteries ________. A. are larger than elastic arteries and smaller than arterioles B. have a media with a high density of elastic fibers C. have a thick media with a large amount of smooth muscle fiber within them D. are exemplified by the aorta E. collect blood from capillaries

C. have a thick media with a large amount of smooth muscle fiber within them

The flexor hallucis longus muscle originates on the __________. A. distal phalanges of digits 2-5 B. femur C. interosseous membrane D. medial cuneiform

C. interosseous membrane

The spinal nerves form through the fusion of dorsal and ventral nerve roots as they pass through a(n) ________. A. vertebral foramen B. plexus C. intervertebral foramen D. transverse foramen E. gray commissure

C. intervertebral foramen

Oxygenated blood returns to the heart from the lungs and enters the __________. A. left ventricle B. right ventricle C. left atrium D. right atrium

C. left atrium

One difference between macroscopic and microscopic anatomy would be that __________. A. macroscopic anatomy would involve a study of many humans interacting with each other, while microscopic anatomy would only study one human alone B. macroscopic anatomy would be the study of structures on the body surface, while microscopic anatomy would be the study of structures that are internal. C. macroscopic anatomy would include a study of a whole organ system, while microscopic anatomy would include a study of just one tissue of one organ of the system D. macroscopic anatomy would require a microscope to be used, and microscopic anatomy would be easy to observe with the unaided eye

C. macroscopic anatomy would include a study of a whole organ system, while microscopic anatomy would include a study of just one tissue of one organ of the system

The skeletal system participates in ________. A. cushioning abdominal organs such as the kidneys B. facilitating transmission of nerve impulses C. maintaining bodily fluids calcium levels D. absorbing the shock of unexpected rapid body movements E. all of the answers are correct.

C. maintaining bodily fluids calcium levels

Which of the following is an example of an irregular bone? A. occipital bone of the skull B. fibula C. maxilla bone of the face D. tarsal bones

C. maxilla bone of the face

A very good sprinter is likely to have ________. A. more slow twitch fibers than average B. more intermediate fibers than average C. more fast twitch fibers than average D. average muscles; performance is based solely on training E. none of the answers are correct

C. more fast twitch fibers than average

By varying the ________ at any one time, the nervous system provides precise control over the pull exerted by the muscle. A. degree of muscle atrophy B. reflexes triggered C. number of motor units activated D. energy reserves utilized E. concentration of glycolytic enzymes

C. number of motor units activated

The lambdoid suture is the boundary between which bones? A. parietal and frontal B. frontal and nasal C. parietal and occipital D. parietal and temporal E. frontal and sphenoid

C. parietal and occipital

The outermost layer of the serous pericardium is termed the ________. fibrous A. pericardium B. epicardium C. parietal pericardium D. endocardium E. visceral pericardium

C. parietal pericardium

The connective tissue surrounding a fascicle is called ________. A. an aponeurosis B. endomysium C. perimysium D. a tendon E. epimysium

C. perimysium

Which of the following is a unique feature of the right ventricle? A. aortic valve B. trabeculae carneae C. pulmonary valve D. left atrioventricular (mitral) valve E. papillary muscles

C. pulmonary valve

Which heart structure receives blood from the systemic circuit? A. left atrium B. pulmonary veins C. right atrium D. right ventricle E. left ventricle

C. right atrium

Which of the following is considered one of the hamstring muscles? A. pectineus B. gracilis C. semimembranosus D. rectus femoris

C. semimembranosus

Which of the following muscles belongs to the group known as "hamstrings"? A. semimembranosus, biceps femoris, and gracilis B. biceps femoris, gracilis, and sartorius C. semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris D. semitendinosus and rectus femoris E. adductor magnus, semimembranosus, and rectus femoris

C. semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris

In which of the following locations would you find a somatic sensory receptor? A. cardiac muscle B. glandular tissue C. skeletal muscle D. smooth muscle

C. skeletal muscle

Which of the following is a function of the epidermis? A. excretes B. stores lipids C. synthesizes vitamin D3 D. regulates body temperature E. none of the answers are correct

C. synthesizes vitamin D3

An individual is going to have gastric bypass surgery (i.e., a bypassing of most of the stomach to the intestine). In what body cavity/subdivision will the surgeon be working? A. abdominal and pelvic B. dorsal and cranial C. ventral and abdominal D. ventral and thoracic

C. ventral and abdominal

The muscles that form the rotator cuff include the ________. A. supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoid, and teres major B. pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and subscapularis C. subclavius, deltoid, and pectoralis minor D teres minor, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, and subscapularis E. biceps brachii and deltoid

D teres minor, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, and subscapularis

Sebaceous glands are often associated with ________. A. eccrine sweat glands B. nails C. apocrine sweat glands D. hair follicles E. all of the answers are correct.

D. hair follicles

Which of the following is true of the sacral plexus? A. It originates from the ventral rami of T12 -L4. B. It is the only nerve plexus that innervates the muscles of the lower limb. C. The genitofemoral nerve is part of the sacral plexus. D. It includes the superior and inferior gluteal nerves.

D. It includes the superior and inferior gluteal nerves.

What does the name flexor carpi radialis most likely mean? A. It is a convergent muscle found along the radial border of the forearm. B. The muscle originates at the wrist. C. It is a forearm muscle whose primary function is synergistic to that of the biceps brachii muscle. D. It is a lateral forearm muscle that flexes at the wrist. E. All of the answers are correct.

D. It is a lateral forearm muscle that flexes at the wrist.

In what way is the dura mater of the brain different from the dura mater of the spinal cord? A. The dura mater of the brain is thinner. B. The dura mater of the brain is an incomplete structure. C. The dura mater of the brain and the dura mater of the spinal cord are identical. D. The dura mater of the brain is made of two separate layers.

D. The dura mater of the brain is made of two separate layers.

Regarding a typical muscle insertion, which of the following is true? A. The insertion is proximal to the origin. B. If a muscle extends between a broad aponeurosis and a narrow tendon, the aponeurosis is the insertion. C. If there are several tendons at one end of a muscle and just one at the other, there are multiple insertions. D. The insertion moves more than does the origin. E. All of the answers are correct.

D. The insertion moves more than does the origin.

Which of the following exclusively describes stratified epithelia? A. They always have a free surface exposed to some inner chamber or passageway. B. They are avascular. C. They consist of a single cell layer. D. They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical and chemical stress. E. None of the answers are correct.

D. They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical and chemical stress.

Which of the following is a large process that projects anteriorly from the lateral end of the scapular spine? A. coronoid process B. capitulum C. coracoid process D. acromion E. trochlea

D. acromion

What do the spinal meninges do? A. isolate the spinal cord from surrounding tissue B. protect the cord from injury that would be caused by rubbing against a vertebral foramen C. absorb shock transmitted up the body when walking, running, or other vigorous motions occur D. all of the listed responses are correct

D. all of the listed responses are correct

What would you NOT be able to find in a section of gray matter from the CNS? A. nuclei that process respiration and heart rate B. neuron cell bodies that handle memory formation C. higher-order centers for abstract reasoning D. axon bundles that transmit messages to the upper and lower limbs

D. axon bundles that transmit messages to the upper and lower limbs

The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains ________. A. axons of sensory neurons B. cell bodies of motor neurons C. interneurons D. axons of motor neurons E. ventral rami

D. axons of motor neurons

The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains ________. A. interneurons B. axons of sensory neurons C. cell bodies of motor neurons D. axons of motor neurons E. ventral rami

D. axons of motor neurons

Which of the following does NOT help to limit the movement of a joint? A. menisci B. ligaments C. tendons D. bursae

D. bursae

If we were to dissect a tissue such as the stomach lining, we would find it is made up of multiple __________. A. organisms B. tissues C. organ systems D. cells

D. cells

The muscles surrounding the entrances of the digestive and urinary tracts are classified as ________. A. multipennate B. bipennate C. parallel D. circular E. convergent

D. circular

Which of the following is characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue? A. individual cells have many, irregularly shaped nuclei B. can replace cells and regenerate after an injury C. contracts only with nervous stimulation D. consists of a branching network of interconnected muscle cells E. also called striated voluntary muscle

D. consists of a branching network of interconnected muscle cells

If you were in a gross anatomy class and were dissecting a human cadaver, what structure would you have to cut through in order to move from the inferior of the thoracic cavity to the superior abdominal cavity? A. throat B. stomach C. small intestines D. diaphragm

D. diaphragm

Typically, the insertion of a muscle is ________ to its origin. A. proximal B. lateral C. deep D. distal E. medial

D. distal

The ________ division of the PNS sends motor information to muscles and glands. A. sensory B. serial C. afferent D. efferent E. parallel

D. efferent

The bony structure of the orbit is composed of which of the following? A. zygomatic, nasal, frontal, and sphenoid only B. maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, and palatine only C. zygomatic, nasal, frontal, sphenoid, palatine, lacrimal, and temporal D. ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, lacrimal, maxilla, zygomatic, and palatine E. none of the answers are correct.

D. ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, lacrimal, maxilla, zygomatic, and palatine

What action would result if the rectus femoris contracted while the biceps femoris relaxed? A. abduction of the leg B. adduction of the leg C. flexion at the knee joint D. extension of the knee joint

D. extension of the knee joint

The subarachnoid space is ________. A. between the arachnoid mater and the underlying dura mater B. between the arachnoid mater and the periosteum C. a potential space only D. filled with cerebrospinal fluid E. filled with fat

D. filled with cerebrospinal fluid

In comparison, the right atrium and ventricle __________. A. lie more posteriorly than the left atrium and ventricle B. have a larger volume than the left atrium and ventricle C. are separated from the left atrium and ventricle by the coronary sulcus D. generate less pressure for contraction than the left atrium and ventricle

D. generate less pressure for contraction than the left atrium and ventricle

T/F The most massive portion of the temporal bone is the squamous part, which surrounds and protects the sense organs of hearing and balance.

False

The bones of the pelvis ________. A. are bones of the appendicular skeleton only B. are bones of the axial skeleton only C. include two prominent sesamoid bones D. include both axial and appendicular elements E. all of the answers are correct

D. include both axial and appendicular elements

The actions of the muscles that cross the hip do not include __________. A. medial rotation B. flexion C. extension D. inversion

D. inversion

Which vessel gives rise to a circumflex branch and an anterior interventricular branch? A. right coronary artery B. coronary sinus C. left marginal branch D. left coronary artery E. posterior descending artery

D. left coronary artery

Which of the following is an example of an irregular bone? occipital bone of the A. skull B. fibula C. tarsal bones D. maxilla bone of the face

D. maxilla bone of the face

When one motor neuron fires a single action potential the result affects one ________. A. synaptic cleft B. sensory unit C. upper motor neuron D. motor unit E. lower motor neuron

D. motor unit

The ________ system allows for locomotion, provides support, and produces heat. A. integumentary B. cardiovascular C. skeletal D. muscular E. digestive

D. muscular

The cells responsible for information processing and transfer are the ________. A. Schwann cells B. neuroglia C. astrocytes D. neurons E. all of the answers are correct

D. neurons

The extensor hallucis longus muscle inserts on digit __________. A. three B. two C. four D. one

D. one

Which muscle flexes the wrist? A. pronator teres B. anconeus C. brachialis D. palmaris longus E. supinator

D. palmaris longus

Muscle fibers can have various arrangements. The most powerful arrangement, in which more tension is generated during contraction, is called ________. A. convergent B. circular C. parallel D. pennate E. none of the answers are correct

D. pennate

Muscle fibers can have various arrangements. The most powerful arrangement, in which more tension is generated during contraction, is called ________. A. parallel B. convergent C. circular D. pennate E. none of the answers are correct

D. pennate

The fibula ________. A. is the medial bone of the leg B. forms an important part of the knee joint C. transfers weight to the ankle and foot D. provides stability to the ankle E. articulates with the femur

D. provides stability to the ankle

The ________ system allows for gas exchange between the air and circulating blood. A. lymphatic B. urinary C. digestive D. respiratory E. cardiovascular

D. respiratory

Oxygen-poor blood travels from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the ________ valve. A. aortic B. left atrioventricular (mitral) C. bicuspid D. right atrioventricular (tricuspid) E. pulmonary

D. right atrioventricular (tricuspid)

Which of the following muscles flexes both the thigh and the leg? A. vastus lateralis B. iliopsoas C. rectus femoris D. sartorius

D. sartorius

The largest nerve in the body that is formed from L4-S3 is the ________. A. superior gluteal nerve B. tibial nerve C. pudendal nerve D. sciatic nerve E. fibular nerve

D. sciatic nerve

All of the following nerves are part of the lumbar plexus EXCEPT __________. A. femoral nerve B. obturator nerve C. iliohypogastric nerve D. superior gluteal nerve

D. superior gluteal nerve

Which of the following is a function of the epidermis? A. stores lipids B. regulates body temperature C. excretes D. synthesizes vitamin D3 E. none of the answers are correct.

D. synthesizes vitamin D3

The fusion of the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium at the end of a muscle is called a __________. A. ligament B. muscle fiber C. sarcolemma D. tendon

D. tendon

Considering the location of the insertion of the semitendinosus, it would be correct to say that __________. A. the semitendinosus is found in the medial compartment of the thigh B. this muscle is innervated by the femoral nerve C. the semitendinosus causes extension of the knee joint as well as flexion at the hip D. the semitendinosus causes flexion at the knee and stabilizes the joint

D. the semitendinosus causes flexion at the knee and stabilizes the joint

Considering the location of the insertion of the semitendinosus, it would be correct to say that __________. A. this muscle is innervated by the femoral nerve B. the semitendinosus causes extension of the knee joint as well as flexion at the hip C. the semitendinosus is found in the medial compartment of the thigh D. the semitendinosus causes flexion at the knee and stabilizes the joint

D. the semitendinosus causes flexion at the knee and stabilizes the joint

The major function of the vertebral body is to ________. A. provide support B. protect the spinal cord C. provide a passageway for nerves D. transfer weight along the axis of the vertebral column E. allow twisting motions

D. transfer weight along the axis of the vertebral column

Perforating canals ________. A. are arranged parallel to the surface of the bone B. are always associated with osteons in spongy bone C. occur in growing juvenile bone, but are obliterated in adult bone D. transmit blood vessels to osteons deep inside the bone E. all of the answers are correct

D. transmit blood vessels to osteons deep inside the bone

T/F The ventral ramus of each spinal nerve receives motor information from a specific segment of the skin and muscles of the neck and back.

False

Ribs 1-10 articulate with the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae and facets on (the) ________. A. spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae B. spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae C. xiphoid process of the sternum D. transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae E. none of the answers are correct

D. transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae

________ lie lateral to each side of the vertebral column. A. Parasympathetic ganglia B. Prevertebral ganglia C. Otic ganglia D. Collateral ganglia E. Sympathetic chain ganglia

E. Sympathetic chain ganglia

Functions of connective tissue include ________. A. supporting, surrounding, and interconnecting other tissue types B. establishing a structural framework for the body C. transporting fluid and dissolved materials from one body region to another D. protecting delicate organs E. all of the answers are correct