Bio204 Final Mastering Bio Questions
Marsupials survived in Australia (as opposed to Asia) because ________.
Australia had separated from Pangea, and eutherians were not able to invade Australia
Which of the following could be considered the most recent common ancestor of living tetrapods?
a sturdy-finned, shallow-water lobe-fin whose appendages had skeletal supports similar to those of terrestrial vertebrates
There are three major groups of mammals, categorized on the basis of their _____.
method of reproduction
Which of these anthropoid groups consists of primates who are mostly tree dwellers and whose forelimbs and hind limbs are about equal in length?
monkeys
The four major categories of tissues are _____.
nervous, epithelial, connective and muscle
Which of the following two organic molecules must animals obtain from their diets in order to grow and maintain their bodies?
organic nitrogen and organic carbon
Terrestrial animals are _____.
osmoregulators that must obtain water from the environment
In vertebrates, food is moved along the length of the digestive system by __________.
peristalsis
The mammalian trachea and esophagus both connect to the __________.
pharynx
Which of the following is/are an adaptation to an herbivorous diet?
premolars and molars with broad, ridged surfaces
____ are the oldest known primate group
prosimians
The two main functions of the large intestine are _________.
reabsorb water and eliminate undigested materials
Imagine you have two sets of 8 blocks, each measuring 1 cm along each edge. You arrange one set into a large cube, 2 blocks × 2 blocks × 2 blocks. You arrange the other set into a straight beam, 1 block × 8 blocks. Compared with the beam, the large cube has
the same volume but a smaller surface area.
Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic feature of the Chordata?
vertebrae -Chordata have a notochord, pharyngeal slits, post- anal tail and a hollow dorsal nerve cord
function of the collecting duct
-active transport of NaCl associated with loss of water from filtrate -hormones control permeability to water and transport of NaCl
function of the ascending limb of the loop of henle
-no aquaporins -passive transport of NaCl in the thin segment and active transport in the thick segment
function of the descending limb of the loop of henle
-no energy required for transport -numerous aquaporins but almost no ion channels -epithelium always permeable to water
What group of mammals have (a) embryos that spend more time feeding through the placenta than the mother's nipples, (b) young that feed on milk, and (c) a prolonged period of maternal care after leaving the placenta?
Eutheria
Which of the following chordate groups include(s) humans?
Gnathostomes, Amniotes, Hominins
What is the function of a circulatory system?
It brings a transport liquid into close contact with all cells in the body.
Animals cannot produce enzymes to digest cellulose, yet many termite species consume cellulose from plant material as a main part of their diet. How do termites access the nutrients contained in cellulose?
Mutualistic bacteria in the hindgut of the termite digest the cellulose into sugars
Which of these primate groups lives in trees in Central and South America and have nostrils that are wide open and far apart?
New World Monkeys
Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have separate circuits to the lungs and to the rest of the body?
The large decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the lungs may prevent efficient circulation through the rest of the body.
Vitamins are classified based on their solubility in water. Which of the following statements regarding the classification of the vitamins listed is correct?
Vitamin C is water soluble and Vitamin A is fat-soluble
Which of the following pairs of vitamins and their function(s) is correctly matched?
Vitamin D: absorption and use of calcium and phosphorus
Which of the following pairs of vitamins and their deficiency symptoms is correctly matched?
Vitamin E: nervous system degeneration
In which of the following species should natural selection favor the highest proportion of juxtamedullary nephrons?
a mouse species living in a desert
Which of these primate groups is most closely related to humans?
apes
n which section of the nephron does the filtrate have a higher osmolarity than the blood when it enters and lower osmolarity than the blood when it leaves?
ascending limb of the loop of henle
Mutualistic microorganisms living in herbivore alimentary canals help herbivores digest ________.
cellulose
Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials _____.
have some embryonic development outside the uterus
A relatively long cecum is characteristic of animals that are_____.
herbivores
The primates that spend the most time walking upright are the ____
hominids
Which of the following characteristics describes the thin segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
impermeable to water, permeable to NaCl
An appropriate group of animals to examine to observe a Malpighian tubule would be _____.
insects
Which component of a homeostatic system compares sensory information to a target value?
integrator
Which of the following is characteristic of juxtamedullary nephrons?
juxtamedullary nephrons
How would you distinguish an acorn worm (Hemichordata) from an earthworm (Annelida)?
locate the position of the nerve cord in the body
Birds, insects, and many reptiles excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid, which _____.
reduces water loss compared to other nitrogenous wastes, but requires more metabolic energy to produce
Which of the following are thought to be most closely related to humans?
sea stars
In humans, most nutrient molecules are absorbed by the __________.
small intestine
