Biol 111 Exam 1- Tamu Tag
reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
a base
what distinguishes a hypothesis from a theory
a hypothesis has narrow scope, a theory has broad explanatory power
primary structure of protein
a unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
which functional group acts as a base in water
amine
which functional group(s) will ionize in water
amine & carboxyl
which functional group is positively charged in a cell?
amino (-NH2)
building block of: proteins
amino acids
monomer of polypeptides
amino acids
which of the following is not made up of polymers: a) carbohydrates b) nucleic acids c) lipids d) proteins
c) lipids
simple sugars and their polymers fall under the ______ category
carbohydrates
amino acids are made up of:
carboxyl and amino groups
assist in proper folding of proteins
chaperonins
phospholipids
contain only 2 fatty acids have a bilayer arrangemenet
unsaturated fats
contains 1+ double bonds gives it a kinky formation, more easily digested liquid at room temperature
polymers are bonded together with ________ to make macromolecules
covalent bonds
molar --> millimolar
divide by 1000
which cills lack nucleus but contain membrane enclosed organelles
eukaryotic
building block of: fats, lipids, membranes
fatty acids
function of: carbohydrates
fuel & building material
the unit of inheritance
genes
fats
glycerol + 3 fatty acids
what joins together two monosaccharides to make a disaccharide?
glycosidic linkage
dehydration reactions
how monomers form into larger molecules
hydrolisis
how polymers are disassembled
occurs between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom
hydrogen bond
all _____ are hydrophobic and are dominated by non polar covalent bonds
lipids
steroids
made up of 4 fused rings can be harmful to the body; cholesterol
function of polypeptides:
make up proteins
the simplest sugar
monosaccharides
saturated fats
no double bonds solid at room temperature
bond formed when 2 arms are equally electronegative
non polar covalent bond
genes are made up of
nucleic acids
building block of: nucleic acids
nucleotides
amino acids are linked by:
peptide bonds
the three domains of life (eukarya)
plantae, fungi, animalia
type of bond that occurs when one atom is bonded to another more electronegative atom
polar covalent
polysaccharides
polymers of sugars
polymer of nucleotides
polynucleotides
negative feedback
response reduces initial stimulus
positive feedback
response speeds up its own production
what feature do all arhchae, bacteria, & eukarya all have in common
ribosomes
building block of: polysaccharides
sugars
temperature
the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a body of water regardless of volume
secondary structure of protein
the folding and coiling of a polypeptide
thermal energy
the kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms
tertiary structure of protein
the overall 3D shape a result of the interactions between amino acids and R groups
quaternary structure of protein
the overall protein structure of 2+ polypeptide subunits
what makes amino acids different from eachother
the the chains, R
half life
the time it takes for 50% of the parent isotope to decay
disaccharides
two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic linkage
denaturation
when a protein loses its native conformation
functions of proteins:
-enzyme -structure -storage -transport -hormones -receptors -motors -defense
function of: monosaccharides
-fuel -combine into polymers -found as rings in aqueous solutions
RNA function:
-genetic expression -single stranded
most simple sugars end in:
-ose
cellulose
-polysaccharide -made up by different glycosidic linkages -make up the tough walls that enclose plants -most organisms cannot digest
chitin
-polysaccharide -makes up the exoskeleton of arthropod -used in surgical thread
glycogen
-polysaccharide -polymer consisting of glucose -storage of glucose in animals
starch
-polysaccharides -polymer consisting entirely of glucose -major storage form of glucose in plants
DNA function:
-storage for synthesis of specific proteins -directs RNA synthesis -double helix
properties of water
1) cohesion 2) moderation of temp 3) universal solvent 4) density of ice
how much does one mole of water weigh?
18 g/mol
how many common monomers combine/arrange into many more polymers
40-50
how many neutrons does carbon-13 have
7