BIOL 122 3/20 Biotechnology (End)

Researchers can insert DNA into plasmids to produce _____ a molecule with DNA from two different sources

recombinant DNA

Long lasting tomatoes

A type of genetically modified crop that remains fresh longer.

CRISPR

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

Forensic biology

DNA samples used to identify suspects in a crime. STRs (short tandem repeats) sections of the DNA that are repeated (junk DNA). People differ widely in the type and number of repeats. Samples taken from salvia, blood, skin, hair, etc. Amount of DNA collected is often very small must be amplified to run tests.

Golden rice

Genetically modified rice that produces edible beta-carotene, which the body can turn into vitamin A

Cloning a gene (making copies) using pladmids

Restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules at specific DNA sequences called restriction sites. Produces restriction fragments. The most useful restriction enzymes cut DNA in a staggered way, producing fragments with "sticky ends"

Plasmids

Small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial chromosome

Next gen sequencing

Use millions of overlapping small sequences, computers align and merge data for analysis

Gel electrophoresis

Used to separate DNA fragments.

Automated DNA sequencing

Uses the principle of complementary base pairing dideoxy or chain chain termination sequencing

Cas9

a nuclease that cuts double-stranded DNA molecules as directed by a guide RNA that is complementary to the target gene

GMOs

genetically modified organisms

BT-corn

is a genetically modified crop (GMO) that is engineered to be resistant to pests

Reverse transciptase

special enzyme which allows retroviruses to translate genetic code from RNA to DNA.