BIOL 1406 HW11
Which of the following can evolve?
Populations
In a very small population of birds, assume 5 out of 20 alleles are the type that code for blue feathers. What is the allele frequency of the "blue feather allele" in this population?
0.25
According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, if 75% of the alleles in the gene pool are A1 and 25% are A2, what is the proportion of individuals with genotype A1A2 if the population is in HWE (Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium)?
0.375
The publication date of "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection" is _____.
1859
Modern geologists estimate that the age of Earth is about _____ old.
4.6 billion years
Which of the following is an example of assortative mating?
A female mouse chooses a mate because he is the same color that she is
Which of the following is most likely to experience significant genetic drift?
A population of endangered birds that includes only five individuals
Which of the following supports the idea that all organisms share a common ancestry?
All cells have a similar biochemistry, including amino acids, nucleic acids, and ATP
Who wrote "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection"?
Darwin
From an evolutionary point of view, what important process occurs when a young male deer leaves the population that he was born in to join another population?
Gene flow
Zoos often loan animals to other zoos for breeding purposes. From an evolutionary standpoint, what is the benefit?
It increases the genetic diversity of the zoo's population
Within a large population, if no mutations occur, no migration occurs, all matings are random, and each individual has an equal chance of reproducing, which of the following will probably happen?
No evolution will occur
Which of the four postulates of Darwin's theory of evolution was not well established when "On the Origin of Species" was first published but is overwhelmingly supported today?
Some differences among individuals in a population are due to genetics and are heritable
Sea squirts and lampreys, which are both aquatic animals, have a perforated pharynx, a ventral heart, and a notochord at some stage of development. These similarities are best explained by _____.
a common ancestry
A population is defined as _____.
all individuals of the same species located in a given geographic region
Of all the possible amino acids (over 500), all living organisms make use of only the same 20 amino acids. This supports the idea that _____.
all living things are derived from a single common ancestor
Karl von Baer's observations of vertebrate embryos suggest that _____.
all vertebrate species have similar genes for development, with some being active in some species and inactive in others
In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium _____.
allele frequencies do not change
Dolphins (which are mammals) and sharks (which are fish) have stiff dorsal fins projecting from their backs that help them maneuver through water. These relationships of structures to each other are best described as _____.
analogous structures
The fact that whales have pelvic and leg bones indicates that _____.
ancestral whales had legs
The controlled breeding of domestic plants and animals by humans in order to produce certain physical traits in those organisms is called _____.
artificial selection
Mutations _____.
can be helpful, neutral, or harmful to individuals
When unrelated organisms living under similar environmental demands evolve superficially similar structures, it is called _____.
convergent evolution
Darwin realized that most species produce many more offspring than is necessary to maintain a constant population. The "excess" individuals in a population _____.
die before they can reproduce
A change in the allele frequency of a population is called _____.
evolution
An antibiotic is given repeatedly to treat a recurrent ear infection. It worked initially but now is no longer effective. This indicates that the bacterial population causing the infection _____.
experienced natural selection that has allowed the resistant strain to survive and multiply
The process by which allele frequencies are altered in a population due to random chance is called _____.
genetic drift
Having greater fitness means _____.
having more offspring
Natural selection can act on a certain trait only if the trait is _____.
heritable
The human upper arm bone (the humerus) is structurally similar to the upper wing bone of a bat. The structural similarity is an example of _____.
homologous structures
The interaction of genes and environment produces a specific _____.
phenotype
Habitat loss, natural catastrophes, and/or excessive harvesting of a species often result in _____.
population bottlenecks
An allele frequency is the _____.
proportion of a given allele in a population
A population carries two alleles for a trait in which T is dominant and t is recessive. In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, q2 represents the _____.
proportion of homozygous recessive individuals
Heritable mutations in the genes of an individual arise due to _____.
random chance
Genetic variations in natural populations develop due to _____.
random mutations of the DNA creating new alleles
Inbreeding is defined as _____.
sexual reproduction among closely related individuals
Charles Darwin believed that artificial selection was _____.
similar in many ways to natural selection
Some of Darwin's most important discoveries were based on studies of birds and tortoises he observed in _____.
the Galápagos Islands
The 30,000 northern elephant seals alive today are genetically very similar due to _____.
the bottleneck effect
The theory of natural selection states that _____.
the most well-adapted individuals in their environments survive and reproduce, contributing the most genes to the next generation
Boa constrictors have tiny pelvic girdles and leg bones inside their bodies. Because these structures are non-functional "evolutionary baggage," they are called _____.
vestigial
Some animal species found in caves have tiny, nonfunctional eyes. These are best described as _____.
vestigial structures
