BIOL 216 final (ch. 25)

Peristalsis propels materials along the length of the digestive tract by coordinating contractions of the circular and longitudinal layers. Place the steps of peristalsis, listed below, in order. 1. Longitudinal muscles contract ahead of bolus. 2. Circular muscles contract behind bolus. 3. Contraction in circular muscle layer forces bolus forward.

213

The functions of the tongue include which of the following? Unselected Manipulation to assist in chewing and to prepare the material for swallowing Unselected Sensory analysis by touch, temperature, and taste receptors Unselected Mechanical processing by compression, abrasion, and distortion Unselected secretion of an enzyme that aids in fat digestion

ALL

The intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles are under the control of which cranial nerve(s)?

XII

Which of the following is the process in wherein occurs the movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, vitamins, and water across the digestive epithelium and into the interstitial fluid of the digestive tract?

absorption

Which feature provides protection for the interior surface of the stomach against the acids and enzymes in the gastric lumen? Select one: a. the rapid rate of mechanical mixing of the stomach contents, which exposes the lining to chyme for only a short time b. the carpet of mucus secreted by the columnar epithelium, which covers the luminal portions of the stomach Correct c. chief cells of the deepest portions of a gastric gland d. the esophageal sphincter e. the shallow depressions called gastric pits

b

Which type of tooth has one or two roots, has a flattened crown with prominent ridges, and is used for crushing, mashing, and grinding?

bicuspid

liver cells produce:

bile

The gallbladder functions in __________ and bile modification, and bile ejection occurs under stimulation of the hormone __________.

bile storage; cholecystokinin

small intestine produces:

cholecytokinin

Which of the following functions of the digestive tract and accessory organs involves the progressive dehydration of indigestible materials and organic wastes prior to elimination from the body? compaction, defecation, ingestion, mastication

compaction

Pharyngeal muscles cooperate with muscles of the oral cavity and esophagus to initiate which process?

deglutition

The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to bone. This material is called:

dentine

The chemical and enzymatic breakdown of complex sugars, lipids, and proteins into small organic molecules that can be absorbed by digestive epithelium is called __________.

digestion

Which anatomical subdivision(s) is/are considered (a) "mixing bowl(s)" because it/they receive(s) chyme from the stomach and digestive secretions from the pancreas and liver?

duodenum

What is the path of chyme through the Small intestine?

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Which of the following is a function of the stomach? Select one: a. mechanical processing through the actions of the teeth, tongue, and palatal surfaces b. analysis of material before swallowing c. partial digestion of carbohydrates by a salivary enzyme d. lubrication of oral contents by mucus and salivary secretions e. disruption of chemical bonds by acids and enzymes

e

Which region of the stomach is superior to the gastroesophageal junction, and contacts the inferior and posterior surface of the diaphragm?

fundus

The stomach mucosa contains numerous shallow depressions called ________.

gastric pits

g cells produce:

gastrin

Only smooth muscle fibers are found in the muscularis externa of which portion of the esophagus?

inferior third

The location of the stomach, liver, gallbladder, and ileum is described as:

intraperitoneal

Which of the following layers of the digestive tract is the inner lining, and has an underlying layer of areolar tissue containing blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, lymphatic vessels, smooth muscle fibers, and scattered areas of lymphoid tissue? mucosa, serosa, submucosa, muscularis externa

mucosa

brunner's glands produce:

mucus

chief cells produce:

pepsinogen

what consists of waves of muscular contractions that move along the length of the digestive tract?

peristalsis

Which muscles are used to push the bolus toward the esophagus in the swallowing process?

pharyngeal constrictor muscules

Which phase of the swallowing process begins as the bolus comes in contact with the palatal arches and/or the posterior pharyngeal arch?

pharyngeal phase

In which segment of the small intestine are submucosal glands most abundant?

proximal portion of the duodenum

Pertaining to the digestive system, which organ plays the primary role in digestion and absorption of nutrients?

small intestine

the muscularis mucosae are thin, or absent near the pharynx, and are made of which muscle type?

smooth

The mucosa of the esophagus contains an abrasion-resistant nonkeratinized epithelium called __________.

stratified squamous epithelium

Which of the following layers of the digestive tract surrounds the muscularis mucosae, consists of dense irregular connective tissue, contains large blood vessels and lymphatics, and contains a nerve plexus that innervates the innermost layer?

submucosa

Three separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle on the outer surfaces of the colon are known as which of the following?

taeniae coli

In which portion of the small intestine are large masses of lymphoid tissue, known as aggregated lymphoid nodules or Peyer's patches, most abundant?

terminal portion of ileum

Which of the following is the term used for the dorsal mesentery of the stomach, which becomes greatly enlarged during development, forming a structure that extends inferiorly between the body wall and the anterior surface of the small intestine? greater omentum mesentery proper lesser omentum transverse mesocolon

greater omentum

parietal cells produce:

hydrochloric acid

In which abdominal region are the rectum and part of the sigmoid colon found?

hypogastric

The longest portion of the small intestine is the ________.

ileum

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following, except: limited digestion of proteins by a salivary enzyme analysis of material before swallowing mechanical processing through the actions of the teeth, tongue, and palatal surfaces lubrication by mixing with mucous and salivary secretions

limited digestion of proteins by a salivary amylase

Which of the following is considered an accessory digestive organ? stomach, pharynx, esophagus, liver

liver

In which digestive tract layers are pacesetter cells found?

muscularis mucosae and muscularis externa

Which accessory and/or glandular digestive organ(s) lie(s) posterior to the stomach and extend(s) laterally from the duodenum toward the spleen?

pancreas

Which component of the digestive system contains exocrine cells that secrete buffers and digestive enzymes, and endocrine cells that secrete hormones?

pancreas

Which abdominal region contains the appendix?

right iliac region

Regarding the liver, the fibrous band that marks the path of the degenerated fetal umbilical vein is known as which of the following?

round ligament

parotid salivary gland (product:

salivary amylase

Which component of the digestive system secretes lubricating fluids containing enzymes that break down carbohydrates?

salivary glands

Which of the following functions of the digestive tract and accessory organs involves the active production of acids, enzymes, and buffers? secretion, excretion, digestion, absorption

secretion