BIOL 230 Exam Questions
You have 23 pairs of chromosomes in your somatic cells. Each homologous pair is comprised of one chromosome from your mother and one from your father. What are the chances of making a gamete in which all of the chromosomes are from your father? For this question, assume that there is no meiotic crossing-over.
(1/2)^23
A couple has a child. Three years later they are expecting another child. Assuming that there are no new mutations and that there is no meiotic crossover, what are the chances that the second child will be genetically identical to the first child?
(1/2)^46
A young man with colon cancer was found to have sporadic mutation in the APC gene in his colon cells. What are chances he will pass this mutated allele on to his children?
0%
If a mutagen such as aflatoxin reacts with DNA in a cell to form a single DNA adduct, after four cell divisions, how many of the resulting cells are likely to have the DNA adduct?
1
What is the original source of most of the DRY MASS that is in your body right now?
Carbon dioxide
Where do the 6 oxygen atoms in a molecule of glucose producing during photosynthesis come from?
Carbon dioxide
Which of the following cells are most likely to acquire mutations?
Cells undergoing DNA replication
Remember what you have learned about mitosis and meiosis. Which of the following statements are scientifically accurate?
During Meiosis I (first cell division), homologous chromosomes separate and end up in two different cells
What is the maximum number of different alleles of any gene that you have in one of your normal diploid cells right now?
2
There is a gene located on chromosome 17 in humans for which four different alleles have been identified. The MAXIMUM number of alleles a single normal individual can have is:
2 (1 is the minimum number of alleles)
Which of the following do you predict is the mRNA sequence that this template DNA sequence codes for?
3'TAC GAA TCC TAA GTG ACG...5' AUG CUU AGG AUU CAC UGC
Which of the following do you predict is the protein sequence that this template DNA sequence codes for?
3'TAC GAA TCC TAA GTG ACG...5' MET LEU ARG ILE HIS CYS
Sickle cell anemia is caused by mutations in a single gene and is inherited as an autosomal (non-sex chromosome) recessive trait. A normal couple has one child who has sickle cell anemia. The couple is contemplating a second child. What is the probability that the second child will not have sickle cell anemia?
3/4
If 15% of the DNA in a chromosome is made of Guanine, what percentage of the chromosome is made of Adenine?
35%
If a mutagen such as aflatoxin reacts with DNA in a cell to form a single DNA adduct, after four cell divisions, how many of the resulting cells are likely to have the mutation?
8
Biologists at the California Academy have discovered a new life form and collected a sample specimen that appears to have a cell membrane, a chloroplast, and ribosomes. This specimen could be...
A eukaryote
How does the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere affect climate?
As CO2 concentrations increase, temperatures increase.
Once a carbon atom from carbon dioxide in the air becomes part of an organic molecule through the process of photosynthesis, which of the following paths could that carbon atom take?
Become part of a phospholipid AND exit the plant in a molecule of CO2
During which processes of aerobic cellular respiration is carbon dioxide produced?
Both the Citric Acid/Kreb's Cycle AND the Transition Reaction
Which of the following is scientifically accurate?
Mutations can be beneficial to organisms Mutations arise due to changes in nucleic acid sequences
A young woman develops breast cancer that does not spread to any other tissues; the original mutation responsible for the cancer arose in a single breast cell. If she and her husband (who does not have cancer) have children after the breast cancer diagnosis, which of the following statements is most likely to be true?
None of the woman's children will inherit the mutation
Which of these macromolecules contains phosphorous?
Nucleic acid
Which of the following are ordered correctly from SMALLEST to LARGEST?
Nucleotide, codon, gene, X chromosome, human genome
Which of the following are ordered correctly from SMALLEST to LARGEST?
Nucleotide, codon, intron, gene, genome
Pea plants can have purple flowers (dominant, 'A') or white flowers (recessive, 'a'). If a pea plant has white flowers, its genotype can be...
Only aa
What processes contributes to the observed DECREASES in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during spring and summer months?
Photosynthesis
Which of the following is ordered correctly from LARGEST to SMALLEST?
Plant cell, chloroplast, chlorophyll, glucose, carbon dioxide
Which of the following statements best represents the current understanding of prions?
Prions are proteins that are infectious when mis-folded
Different cells in the human body are able to do different functions primarily because they have different..
Proteins
Remember what you have learned about the four major classes of biological macromolecules. Which of the following statements are scientifically accurate?
RNA polymerase is a protein
Which of the following statements about getting from a GENE to a TRAIT is most biologically accurate?
RNA polymerase produces RNA molecules during transcription
Which of the following statements about getting GENE to a TRAIT is most biologically accurate?
RNAy polymerase produces RNA molecules during transcription
If the silk protein gene from a spider is attached to a mammary gland promoter and inserted into the first cell of a goat embryo, which of the following statements is correct?
The silk protein will be produced only in the mammary cells in the adult goat
If a silk gene from a spider is attached to a mammary gland promoter and inserted into the first cell of a goat embryo, which of the following statements is correct?
The silk transgene will be present in all cells of the adult goat The silk protein will be produced in only the mammary cells in the adult goat
What are telomeres
They are made of non-coding DNA
Which of the following is generally true for recessive alleles?
They produce non-functional proteins or no proteins at all
You are trying to create a genetically engineered dairy cow that will be less likely to get cancer. Which of the following alterations to the cow's genome is most likely to accomplish this task?
Gain of function mutation in a tumor suppressor gene
Which of the following human cells contains the gene that codes for hemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen in the blood?
Gametes, cells in the blood, and cells in the brain
Which of the following human cells contain the genes that code of p53?
Gametes, cells in the colon and cells in the skin
In which of the following molecule(s) is sunlight energy FINALLY stored during photosynthesis?
Glucose
Which of the following are considered a CATABOLIC process?
Glycolysis and Citric Acid Cycle
In the fish below, horizontal and vertical stripes are controlled by the same gene. if the HORIZONTAL stripes are encoded by a recessive allele (h) and the VERTICAL stripes are encoded by a dominant allele (H), what is the genotype of the parent fish with the VERTICAL stripes?
HH or Hh
In the fish below, horizontal and vertical stripes are controlled by the same gene. If the vertical stripes are encoded by a dominant allele (H) and the horizontal stripes are encoded by a recessive allele (h), what is the genotype of the parent fish with the vertical stripes?
Hh
When you are on a diet and lose weight, where does most of the weight go?
Into the air as CO2
How do plants use the oxygen gas (O2) that is produced during photosynthesis?
It is involved in the synthesis of ATP during cellular respiration
A slot machine has 10 slots. Each slot as 4 different fruits on the spinner (apple, pear, grape and cherry). What are the odds of getting a cherry in BOTH the first AND the second slots?
1/16 (1/4)*(1/4) = 1/16
What are the main parts of a scientific paper?
Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods. Results, Discussion, References
Which of the following is the most scientifically accurate statement about DNA replication compared to transcription/translation (central dogma)?
DNA replication occurs in some cells while transcription/translation occurs in virtually all cells
Which of the following kinds of mutations in an exon of a gene will always produce a different protein compared to the protein produced by the normal version of the gene?
Either a single-nucleotide deletion mutation or a single-nucleotide insertion mutation
A patient arrives in the emergency room who has been poisoned. The patient's ATP levels are low and NADH levels are high. Which of the following cellular respiration processes is likely to be most affected.
Electron Transport Chain
Which of the processes of aerobic cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
Electron Transport Chain
Which of the following types of sequences in a chromosome directly code for a protein?
Exons
Which of the following DNA sequences would require the most energy to separate the two strands?
GCCCGCCGCCCCTAG CGGGCGGCGGGGATC
Which type of cancer-causing mutation is most likely to be dominant?
Gain of function mutation in a proto-oncogene
Where does RNA splicing occur in the Eukaryotic cell?
In the nucleus
The gene for eye color can be found in which of the following cells of your body?
In your eye cells, gametes, and skin cells
The types of mutations that are hypothesized to underlie many types of cancer are...
Loss of function mutations in tumor suppressor genes
Suppose that you have two sheep of opposite sex. Both are homozygous. One has a black coat and the other has a white coat, but you don't know which is the recessive trait. Which of the following investigations would reveal the dominant coat color?
Mate them together and see what coat color the offspring have - that will be the dominant color
Which of the following pieces of evidence supports the Endosymbiotic Theory of the origins of eukarvotes?
Mitochondria contain ribosomes and DNA similar to prokaryotes
Which of the following are ordered from LARGEST to SMALLEST?
Mitochondrion, virus, hemoglobin, glucose, water molecule
Which of the following are ordered correctly from LARGEST to SMALLEST?
Mitochondrion, virus, prion, glucose, water molecule
The genetic information in DNA molecules is stored in the...
Sequence of nitrogenous bases
Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Henrietta Lacks or her cancerous cells?
She was african-american
In the 1600's, Jean Baptiste van Helmont conducted a five-year willow tree experiment in which he measured the weight of the tree and the weight of the soil at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. What can YOU conclude from the evidence HE COLLECTED in this experiment?
Soil DOES NOT contribute much mass to the mass of the tree
11. What happens to the oxygen atoms in the oxygen gas (O2) that you INHALE?
Some become part of water molecules AND some are exhaled unchanged
During PHOTOSYNTHESIS, the synthesis of sugars from carbon dioxide occurs in
The CALVIN CYCLE only
During PHOTOSYNTHESIS, the storage of sunlight energy in NADPH and ATP occurs during...
The light reactions only
If a single point mutation occurs at a random place in the genome, what is the most likely outcome?
The mutation will have no noticeable effect on the organism
Remember what you have learned about the four major classes of biological macromolecules. Which of the following statements are scientifically accurate?
The p53 transcription factor is made up of amino acids
If a mutation was made so that the 6th codon in the Template DNA sequence became ACA, how would that change the protein that is produced?
The protein produced would be exactly the same
Which would be true if a sample containing Bromothymol Blue (BB) turned yellow?
The sample became more acidic
Where do the oxygen atoms in the oxygen gas (O2) produced during photosynthesis come from?
Water
The bonds that hold together two DNA molecules that make up a double helix are...
Weak hydrogen bonds
Which of these is a tumor suppressor gene?
p53
At the end of the Citric Acid/Kreb's Cycle, most of the energy that was originally used are...
stored in the NADH and FADH2 produced