BIOL Mastering Bio Chapter 6

Which of the following are common traits of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Both have their own DNA.

The nuclear pore complex regulates molecular traffic in and out of the nucleus. Which molecules and cellular components pass through the nuclear pore during normal cellular activity? Select all that apply.

-ribosomal subunits -mRNA

The cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell plays a major role in organizing the structures and activities of the cell. The cytoskeleton consists of three main types of fibers: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. The three types of fiber differ in size, composition, and the functions they perform in the cell.

1. In eukaryotic flagella, the fibers that slide past one another due to the activity of dynein proteins are microtubules. 2. Many cell organelles, most notably the nucleus, are anchored by intermediate filaments which are assembled from a diverse class of proteins. 3. Centrosomes are sites where protein dimers assemble into microtubules. 4. The extension of pseudopodia in amoeba is due to the regulated assembly and destruction of microfilaments. 5. The only cytoskeletal fibers not associated with intracellular movement or whole cell locomotion are the intermediate filaments. 6. During muscle contractions, myosin motor proteins move across tracks of microfilaments.

Many cellular structures and molecules have specific locations within the cell to perform their functions. Sort the structures and molecules according to where they are found in the cell.

Cytoplasm: ribosome, phosphofructokinase Internal membrane of mitochondrion and/or chloroplast: ATP synthase, photosystem I Stroma (chloroplast): rubisco Matrix (mitochondrion): isocitrate dehydrogenase

All proteins are synthesized by ribosomes in the cell. Some ribosomes float freely in the cytosol, while others are bound to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. Most proteins made by free ribosomes function in the cytosol. Proteins made by bound ribosomes either function within the endomembrane system or pass through it and are secreted from the cell. Which of the following proteins are synthesized by bound ribosomes?

ER Protein, Insulin, Lysosomal Enzyme

_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.

Gap (communicating) junctions

Cellular proteins may be embedded within a cellular membrane (integral protein), loosely bound to the surface of a cellular membrane (peripheral protein), or not associated with a membrane at all (free protein). Identify the types of proteins shown in the figure below, which shows an internal chloroplast membrane.

Peripheral protein: Pc Integral protein: Photosystem II Peripheral protein: NADP+ reductase Integral protein: ATP synthase Free protein: Rubisco

Plant cells and animal cells share many of the same structures, but each type of cell also has unique structures. In this activity, you will indicate which cell structures are found only in plant cells, only in animal cells, or in both plant and animal cells. Drag each cell structure to the appropriate bin. If a structure is found in both plant cells and animal cells, drag it to the "both" bin.

Plant cell only: Cellulose cell wall, Chloroplast, Central vacuole Animal cell only: Centriole Both: Nucleus, Plasma membrane, Mitochondrion, Cytoskeleton, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus

Plant organelle functionsPart complete Drag the correct description under each cell structure to identify the role it plays in the plant cell.

Plant cell wall- strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils Central vacuole-regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds Chloroplast-makes sugar by converting light energy into chemical energy Mitochondrion-produces chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell Golgi apparatus-modifies and packages proteins

Two fundamental types of cells are known to exist in nature: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells (like the one shown in the Tour of an Animal Cell animation). Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells carry out all of the processes necessary for life, but they differ in some important ways. In this activity, you will identify which cell structures are found only in prokaryotic cells, only in eukaryotic cells, or in both types of cells. Drag each cell structure to the appropriate bin.

Prokaryotic only: nucleoid Eukaryotic only: Lysosome, Mitochondria, Nucleolus Both: Ribosomes, Plasma membrane, Flagella

To understand how cells function as the fundamental unit of life, you must first become familiar with the individual roles of the cellular structures and organelles. Drag the labels on the left onto the diagram of the animal cell to correctly identify the function performed by each cellular structure.

Refer back to the homework for this question. a. synthesizes lipids b. assembles ribosomes c. defines cell shape d. produces secretory proteins e. modifies and sorts proteins f. digests proteins. generates ATP

Cellular structures and molecules vary greatly in size, number, and distribution. Use the enlargements in the figure to rank the following structures and molecules from largest to smallest.

Roibosmomes--> ATP synthesis --> Rubisco--> phosphofructokinase--> tRNA

The various parts of the endomembrane system serve different functions in the cell. In this activity, you will identify the roles of each part of the endomembrane system.

Smooth ER: lipid synthesis, calcium storage, poison detoxification B.) Rough ER: protein synthesis C.) Golgi apparatus: protein modification, sorting, cisternal maturation D) Lysosomes: macromolecule digestion, autophagy

The structure of a chloroplast is closely tied to its function as the site of photosynthesis. Some of the following statements are true for chloroplasts; others are true for mitochondria. Which statements are true for chloroplasts? Select the three that apply.

They are the sites of reactions that convert solar energy into chemical energy. They contain the green pigment chlorophyll. They have membranous sacs called thylakoids that are surrounded by a fluid called stroma.

Proteins that are secreted from a eukaryotic cell must first travel through the endomembrane system. Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the path a secretory protein follows from synthesis to secretion. Not all labels will be used

a.endoplasmic reticulum b. cis Golgi cisternae c. medial Golgi cisternae d. trans Golgi cisternaee. plasma membran e Extracellular space

Motor proteins are responsible for moving vesicles and organelles within the cell. Motor proteins move along protein "tracks." In the example shown in the Visualizing figure, what are those tracks made of?

actin

Which of the following choices correctly matches a tool and its proper application?

cell fractionation to study the function of specific organelles

The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together.

desmosomes

Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials? keratin fibers desmosomes (anchoring junctions) gap (communicating) junctions plasmodesmata tight junctions

tight junctions

Beginning within the nucleus, the first step leading to the synthesis of a polypeptide is _____.

transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA